French Rev and Nap Ch 18

Transcription

1 French Rev and Nap Ch 18 Key Events Fall of Bastille lead to French Rev Rd page 546 a story that matters Fall of Bastille Next Page Committee on Public Safety starts the Reign of Terror Napoleon creates the French Empire Allied forces defeat Waterloo The Impact Today French Rev became a model for revolutions today Power of Nationalism becomes important continues to be important today Principles of Liberty and Equality are held by many today

2 The Marseillaise God Save the Queen Star Spangled Banner Citizens unite and fight against Tyrants for your rights and Freedoms God Save and Protect us and the queen And frustrate our enemies God, Flags, War, People fight for Freedom and the Home of the Brave Patriotic, Nationalistic = Fight for Freedom, God, People

3 Chapter 19 French Revolution and Napoleon 1 st and 2 nd Estates High Clergy and Nobles 3 rd Estate vast majority commoners, middle class, and city workers Bourgeoisie Middle Class wealthiest of the 3 rd Estate, but small in numbers. Believed in many ideas of the Enlightenment, especially the ones having to do with a fair and equal government Locke Thinkers (Review quick). Clip Causes notes side 1. $ problems - loss of new France - American Rev - Increased 3 rd estate taxes 2. Economic Problems - Limited Food - Limited Work 3. Enlightenment Ideas - Locke/Democracy

4 French Rev Social Classes 3 estates: Use Pyramid and pgs as well as handouts to get/find the following information 1 st group at top? 2 nd what % did these people represent? 3 Middle Class =? Bishops and Abbots Parish Priests 1 st Estate clergy 1% of Population Leaders in Government and Military Large Landowners and Nobles 2nd Estate Nobles 2% of Population Middle Class: 3rd Estate Doctors, Lawyers, Merchants, Business owners Artisans 97% of Population Peasants Handout graphs and check ans.

5 1770 s French economy declines Louis XVI becomes King in 1774 not as good as past kings and leaders, Louis 14, 13 th, Richelieu by Large financial issues and poor crops bring problems to France Establish Government and the National Assembly 1 st and 2 nd Estates meet with 3 rd Estate who set up a National Assembly Tennis Court Oath leads to the 3 rd Estate agreeing to make a Constitution Rd: Background to Rev pgs547-9

6 French Uprisings Work on a Constitution started July 1789, but some people and peasants in Paris decided to take the French Revolution along a new more radical course. Food shortages, inflation, and unemployment led to social unrest. Louis brought troops to Versailles and many in the 3 rd estate thought he planned to put down the National Assembly. On July 14, 1789, they stormed the Bastille. Disturbances soon spread throughout the country. Read pg 564 if not already done

7 National Assembly Makes Reforms 1. Ended serfdom 2. Ended Tax exempt privileges of Nobles 3. All male citizens become eligible for government and church positions 4. End of August, the N.A. adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man, which called for equality for all citizens under the law and protection of personal property. due Handout Rights of man

8 20 Questions Review 1. French National Anthem 2. American National Anthem 3. British National Anthem 4. 1 st estate = 5. 2 nd estate = 6. 3 rd estate = 7. What the wealthiest part of the middle class was called 8. What was one of the money Problems the French had right before the Revolution 9. What was one of the economic problems the French had just prior to the Revolution 10. Who was the King of France at the time of the French Revolution 11. Many middle class Revolutionaries took ideas from this famous Enlightenment thinker 12. This will lead the 3 rd estate to the create of a Constitution 13. Who paid the taxes prior to the Revolution 14. This group although less then 2% of the Population controlled 25% of the land 15. Extravagant French Palace outside Paris once home to the King and Queen 16. Queen of France at the Beginning of the French Revolution 17. The Fall of this prison will also be a trigger for the start of the Rev. 18. This was created by the National Assembly and called for equality for all citizens under the law and protection of personal property 19. The National Assembly in the Declaration of Rights of Man said these three things were the cause public misfortune and government corruption. 20. The Declaration of Rights of Man in France is very similar to what Famous American Document

9 King Louis XVI comes back to Paris wearing red, white, and blue, the colors of the revolutionaries basically becomes a prisoner. National Assembly Makes Reforms March on Versailles 5. Freedom of worship was allowed, and privileges of the Catholic Church were abolished Constitution of Set up limited monarchy 2. System of separation of powers Exec. Branch = King Legist. Branch = made laws, veto and override Jud. Branch = courts, interpret laws

10 First Stage Responses 1. Little satisfaction of French people 2. Radicals wanted a republic rather than a monarchy 3. Nobles thought the Constitution went too far, and many fled France. These émigrés (political exiles) urged other European powers to oppose the French Revolutionaries

11 First Stage Responses 4. Louis XVI and Mary Antoinette decided to flee the country in June of 1791, as they fled they were recognized and the National Assembly brought them back to Paris where they basically became prisoners of the Assembly. Louis reluctantly excepted the new Constitution.

12 First Stage Responses 5. Legislative Assembly met in October 1791 Republic radical revolutionaries sat on the left, Monarchy more moderate revolutionaries right 6. Jacobin (Radicals) demanded a democracy in which all men could vote. As the Revolution continued, Robespierre, one of the heads of the Jacobins, will gain power Read people in History Marat and Robespierre take notes 556

13 The Revolutio n Deepens France at War April 1792, France goes to war with Prussia and Austria Brunswick Manifest led to a new revival in the French peoples will to fight the Manifesto was written by Duke of Brunswick he wrote if these French revolutionaries did not surrender Paris, the Austrians and Prussians would burn it to the ground, and that the revolutionary leaders would have to endure the tortures which they deserved.

14 Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity, The French Revolutionaries were pretty ticked off at Brunswick, and rallied with the cry above they managed to defeat the battle of Valmy, and forced the armies of Austria and Prussia from French lands. While this was going on more radicals stormed Paris and took the capitol. They imprisoned the King and his wife. And called for another new constitution. Unfortunately for Louis XVI a trunk was found in which he had written letters to nobles who had fled the country trying to get support to put down the Revolution. With these new documents the New French National Convention sentenced Louis XVI to Death by Guillotine.

15 Many European Countries are Shocked by Louis Death Many Monarchs throughout Europe began to fear a spread of the revolution. French Revolutionaries were doing well and issued a proclamation promising to aid all peoples wishing to recover their liberty.

16 Story of the pt 1 first 30 min The Fear of Revolution and the Reign of Terror March 1793 Great Britain, the Dutch Netherlands, and Spain, Joined with Prussia and Austria against France. People in France continued to starve, also in France some began to believe the Revolution had gone to far. In the Face of Domestic and Foreign threats, The NC takes drastic measures and creates the Committee of Public Safety which was given almost dictatorship like powers This Committee waged a war on all people who were considered enemies of France and this led to the Reign of Terror and Maximilien Robespierre.

17 Reign of Terror on the Domestic Front Robespierre wanted to create a Republic of Virtue in which France would assure the welfare of each individual and where each individual enjoys with pride the prosperity and the glory of our country. Robespierre creates a law stating that anyone suspected of working against the revolution could be arrested. The law let almost anyone be arrested for anything and led to a Reign of Terror in which 20,000-40,000 men women and children were condemned to death by Guillotine including the former Queen Marie Antoinette. Many of the commoners got the idea and revolts subsided.

18 What is going on in France so far 3 Estates Revolution

19 Read young People pg 558 side notes Reign of Terror on the Foreign Front As well as dealing with the Domestic threat the Committee of Public Safety led by Robespierre also dealt with the Foreign Invaders. 1. A National Draft was started in which all men regardless of age, occupation, or eligibility 2. Food was rationed and prices and wages were set 1 and 2 paid off and French forces continued to be victorious on the battlefield. However, some in the NC began to question the daily need for executions by Robespierre and he was arrested and executed which ended the Reign of Terror

20 The Impact of the Revolution France became more democratic Titles like Monsieur, and Madame replaced by Citizen and Citizeness Abolished old Feudal customs and ended slavery Styles and Fashions changed Plays and Painters produced many patriotic works Revolutionary leaders set up metric system and called for public schools (however, the public schools never were set up). Head to Napoleon section Story of the French Rev pt 2 second 30 min