The Elements of Culture. Culture: the total of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group

Transcription

1 Human Geography

2 The Elements of Culture Culture: the total of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group

3 Elements of Culture Society: group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity, and a culture Ethnic Group: specific group that shares a language, customs and common heritage (Ex. Bushman of the Kalahari Desert in Africa)

4 Culture Change and Exchange Cultures can change in 3 ways: Innovation-a new way of doing something Diffusion-For example, the practice of agriculture is widely believed to have diffused from somewhere in the Middle East to all of Eurasia, less than 10,000 years ago, having been adopted by many pre-existing cultures. Acculturation- occurs when a society changes because it accepts or adapts an innovation. (ex: wearing jeans instead of a tradition garment.

5 Language Language builds a group identity and a sense of unity among those who speak the language Language can also divide people

6 Religions Christianity Hinduism Buddhism Judaism Islam

7 World Religions

8 Christianity Three Major Branches: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox Holy book is Bible Monotheistic Teachings are based off of Jesus Christ Christians live on every continent

9 Hinduism One of the world s oldest religions. Based on the caste system- a fixed social system with specific rites and duties Polytheistic Hindu s believe in the divine spirit Brahman. Dates back nearly 5,000 years. Concentrated in India

10 Buddhism Rejected the caste system of Hinduism Ideas promote the correct way of living in order to reach Nirvana, a state of inner peace. Polytheistic Developed in India in 563 B.C.

11 Judaism Oldest SW Asia Religion. Concentrated in Israel. Oldest monotheistic religion. Holy book Torah. Religious center is the city of Jerusalem in Israel.

12 Islam 3 rd Religion from SW Asia Founder Muhammad Widely known as Muslims Followers worship God, who is called Allah. Has close religious ties to the prophets and teachers of Judaism and Christianity.

13 Political Geography State: an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external affairs Country

14 Political Geography Nation: a body of people who share a real or imagined common history, culture, language or ethnic origin, who typically inhabit a particular country or territory. Nation-state: a nation and state occupy the same territory

15 Political Geography Geographic Characteristics of Countries: Size Shape Location landlocked

16 Political Geography National Boundaries Natural Rivers, lakes, mountains Rio Grande Red River Great Lakes Artificial

17 Economy Traditional: Goods and services are traded with out exchanging money

18 Command Economy: Production of goods and services is determined by a central government Market Economy: Production is determined by the demand from consumers Capitalism

19 Mixed Economy: Combination of command and market economies

20 Infrastructure Consists of the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going Power, communications, transportation, water, sanitation

21 Per Capita Income Average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit

22 Gross National Product (GNP) the total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year

23 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) the total value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given time period

24 Types of Governments Democracy-Citizens hold political power, either directly or through elected representatives. Example: United States

25 Types of Governments Monarchy-A ruling family headed by a king or queen holds political power and may or may not share the power with citizen bodies. Example: the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia

26 Types of Governments Dictatorship- an individual or group holds complete political power. Example: North Korea and Afghanistan.

27 Urbanization The dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result. Land Use Patterns Residential-single family housing and apartments. Industrial-reserved for manufacturing goods Commercial- used for private business and the buying and selling of retail products.