AP United States History

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1 Question: Analyze the political objectives and the economic goals of the United States and Great Britain heading into and during the War of The 8-9 Essay - Contains a well-developed thesis that properly examines the political objectives and economic goals of the United States and Great Britain pertaining to the War of Presents an effective analysis of the political and economic conditions of the United States and Great Britain before and during the war - Effectively uses a substantial number of documents - Supports thesis with substantial and relevant outside information - May contain minor errors - Is clearly organized and well written The 5-7 Essay - Contains a thesis that properly examines the political objectives and economic goals of the United States and Great Britain pertaining to the War of Has some limited analysis on the political and economic conditions of the United States and Great Britain before and during the war - Effectively uses some documents - Supports thesis with some relevant outside information - May have errors that do not seriously detract from the quality of the essay - Shows acceptable organization and writing; language errors do not interfere with the comprehension of the essay The 2-4 Essay - Contains a limited or undeveloped thesis - Deals with the question in a general manner; simplistic treatment of the political objectives and economic goals of the United States and Great Britain before and during the war - May address only one category - Merely refers to, quotes or briefly cites documents - Contains little outside information; contains information that is inaccurate or irrelevant - May have major errors - May be poorly organized and/or written The 0-1 Essay - Contains no thesis or a thesis that does not address the question - Exhibits inadequate or incorrect understanding of the question - Has little or no understanding of the documents, or ignores them completely - Has numerous errors - Written so poorly that it inhibits understanding -- black or completely off task

2 Directions: The following question requires you to construct a coherent essay that integrates your interpretation of Document A-H and your knowledge of the period referred to in the question. High scores will be earned only by essays that both cite key pieces of evidence form the documents and draw on outside knowledge of the period. - Analyze the political objectives and economic goals of the United States and Great Britain heading into and during the War of Document A Source: James Madison, War Message to Congress, June 1, 1812 Whether the United States shall continue passive under these progressive usurpations and these accumulating wrongs, or, opposing force to force in defense of their national rights, shall commit a just cause into the hands of the Almighty Disposer of Events, avoiding all connections which might entangle it in the contest or views of other powers, and preserving a constant readiness to concur in an honorable reestablishment of peace and friendship, is a solemn question which the Constitution wisely confides to the legislative department of the Government. In recommending it to their early deliberations I am happy in the assurance that the decision will be worthy the enlightened and patriotic councils of a virtuous, a free, and a powerful nation. Document B Source: Treaty of Fort Jackson, August 9, 1814 The United States demand, that the Creek nation abandon all communication, and cease to hold any intercourse with any British or Spanish post, garrison, or town; and that they shall not admit among them, any agent or trader, who shall not derive authority to hold commercial, or other intercourse with them, by license from the President or authorized agent of the United States.

3 Document C Document D Source: Macon s Bill No. 2 Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That in case either Great Britain or France shall so revoke or modify her edicts as that they shall cease to violate the neutral commerce of the United States "An act to interdict the commercial intercourse between the United States and Great Britain and France and their dependencies, and for other purposes," shall, from and after the expiration of three months from the date of the proclamation aforesaid, be revived and have full force and effect

4 Document E Document F Source: Declaration of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent Relative to the Causes and Origin of the War with America, House of Lords, February 3, 1813 Such are the causes of war which have been put forward by the government of the United States. But the real origin of the present contest will be found in that spirit, which has long unhappily actuated the councils of the United States: their marked partiality in palliating and assisting the aggressive tyranny of France; their systematic endeavours to inflame their people against the defensive measures of Great Britain; their ungenerous conduct towards Spain and their unworthy desertion of the cause of other neutral nations. It is through the prevalence of such councils, that America has been associated in policy with France, and committed in war against Great Britain.

5 Document G Document H Source: Address Respecting the War with America, House of Commons, February 18, 1813 the government of the United States made no distinction between American citizens born, and citizens there made by letters of naturalization and certificates of citizenship Upon the right of impressment depended our maritime greatness and superiority, and still more when we were at war with other states. This, our undoubted right, the American government now disputed, and offered to us nothing but an unconditional surrender of that right, or war. War with them, therefore, we must have Let us show that we were not base enough to sacrifice to trade the honour and the interests of the country. Let us show that we were not improvident enough to sacrifice to commerce that maritime superiority which could alone enable us to carry on commerce with advantage.

6 Document Analysis Document A: President Madison s Address to Congress o James Madison s address to Congress regarding his views on war with Great Britain o America s rights being violated o Poses the question of neutrality o The Constitution places war decisions on Congress o Whatever the decision, it will reflect the opinions and virtues of America o Wrongdoings of other nations had lead to the brink of war. o The nation was indecisive over declaring war of Great Britain o The US wished for other nations to respect neutrality; wanted to be treated like a powerful and independent nation Document B: Treaty of Fort Jackson o America forced the Creek Indians to cut ties with Great Britain and Spain o No more commercial activity with nations other than the US for the tribe o European nations, especially Great Britain, would often join with Native Americans in an effort against the United States o Tensions between US and Great Britain growing o Western settlement was increasingly difficult for Americans Document C: The Northern Frontier Map o Great Britain held forts in northern US until 1796 o Forts were near British Canada o US / Native American conflicts were common o Battles include Tippecanoe, Fallen Timbers, St. Clair s defeat, and Harmar s defeat o Native Americans prevented some westward expansion by Americans o British occupation on US soil bothered Americans o Joint British-Native efforts hindered the US economically; also a constant fear for western settlers

7 Document D: Macon s Bill No. 2 o Bill brought to Congress o Declares that Great Britain and France is advised to stop violating the US right of neutral trade with both countries o The US will take action if these decrees are dishonored o Force will be used if necessary o Warning given to European nations that the US was considering war is peaceful means did not end the problems o Great Britain and France were in a European power struggle o The US attempted to remain neutral as long as possible, but neutrality was in jeopardy o Continued trading means Embargo is lifted Document E: Embargo Political Cartoon o The turtle is successfully preventing the man from delivering his goods o The man is commenting on the pain caused o There is a British ship and smugglers in the background o The turtle (Ograbme) represents the Embargo o The Embargo was somewhat effective in preventing exports and imports o British continued to trade, breaking American policy; angered the US o Hurt American economy in certain areas Document F: Decree of Prince Regent o Discussion in House of Commons of British Parliament o Prince Regent accuses the US for declaring war on Great Britain based on the following issues: American partiality towards France Raising war spirits in the US against Great Britain American ungenerous conduct towards Spain American failure to respect other neutral nations o The British felt that the US had a close association with France o Great Britain did not want to start a war with the US; however, the British had their reasons to dislike the Americans

8 Document G: British Debt Chart o British debt more than tripled between o Great Britain was fighting a two front war; they wanted to quickly end the war with America because of the severe financial toll o Lack of money motivated the British to seize American ships Document H: Address Respecting the War with America o The American government does not make a distinction between born citizens and naturalized citizens o Great Britain is practicing impressments on American sailors o Great Britain is willing for war to protect its honor o The British Empire wished to maintain its dominance in the international trading market by subduing the US o The British believed that they had the right to impress sailors that were naturalized US citizens

9 Outside Information List - Embargo Act of Thomas Jefferson - War hawks - Henry Clay - Proclamation of Tecumseh - Shawnee - Creek Red Sticks - Battle of Tippecanoe - William Henry Harrison - Impressments - Jay s Treaty - Monroe Pinkney Treaty - Orders in Council - Treaty of Ghent - Burning of Washington - Northwest Territory - Sire Isaac Brock - Francis Scott Key - Henry Papers - Macon Act - King George III - Revolutionary War - Era of Good Feelings - Battle of New Orleans - Andrew Jackson - The Chesapeake Affair - Napoleonic Wars - 2 nd war of independence - Non-Intercourse Act - Little Belt Affair - Westward expansion - William Eustis

10 Bibliography Madison, James. "War Message, 1812." In Hunt, Gaillard, ed. The Writings of James Madison, Vol. VIII, p American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. ItemID=WE52&iPin=E08760&SingleRecord=True (accessed April 29, 2010). Various. "Treaty of Fort Jackson." American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. ItemID=WE52&iPin=E08490&SingleRecord=True (accessed April 29, 2010). "Northern Frontier " Map. United States Army Center of Military History University of Texas Libraries. University of Texas, n.d. Web. 29 Apr < U.S. Congress. "Macon's Bill No. 2." United States Statutes at Large, 11th Cong., Sess. II, Chp. 39, 1810, p American History Online. Facts On File, Inc. ItemID=WE52&iPin=E08480&SingleRecord=True (accessed April 29, 2010). "Political Cartoon Against the Embargo Act of 1807." Cartoon. History Channel. N.p., Web. 29 Apr < Prince Regent. "Declaration of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent Relative to Causes and Origin of the War with America." Paper presented at House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Hansard. Web. 29 Apr < Davies, Roy. "Warfare and Financial History." University of Exeter. N.p., 25 May Web. 29 Apr < Earl Bathurst. "Address Respecting the War with America." Paper presented at House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Hansard. Web. 29 Apr <

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