CHAPTER 5 PENETRATION BASED DISPATCH STRATEGIES
|
|
- Cathleen Lynch
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CHAPTER 5 PENETRATION BASED DISPATCH STRATEGIES 5.1 INTRODUCTION Economic, technology and environmental incentives are changing the scenario of electricity generation, transmission and distribution. Centralized generating facilities are giving way to smaller, more distributed generation partially due to the loss of traditional economies of scale. The increasing concerns of global warming, have made it inevitable to seek the solution in form of environment friendly technologies like renewable energy sources. The advantage of hybrid power systems is the combination of the continuously available diesel power and pollution-free locally available wind energy. With the Wind-Diesel hybrid power system, the annual diesel fuel consumption can be reduced and, at the same time, the level of pollution can be minimized. A suitable control and dispatch strategy has to be developed to take full advantage of the wind energy during the periods of time it is available and to minimize diesel fuel consumption. The hybrid system can be operated either in an islanded mode or grid connected mode. This chapter presents two dispatch strategies (i) load following and (ii) cycle charging along with different system controls for isolated and grid connected hybrid Wind-Diesel systems in the first part. For the proposed systems, dispatch strategies make a remarkable impact on the performance for isolated system, and shows no significance in grid tied hybrid system. The second part of the chapter presents the system control combined dispatch strategy approach, to achieve better performance of wind-diesel system. The main purpose of the control system proposed here is to reduce, as much as possible, the participation of the diesel generator in the electricity generation process, taking the maximum benefit of the renewable sources available.the overall load dispatch scenario is controlled by the availability of renewable power, total system load demand, diesel generator operational constraints and the appropriate management of battery bank. The incorportation of a battery bank makes the control operation more practical.the simulation is extended to see the effects when winddiesel system is connected to grid. 132
2 5.2 DISPATCH STRATEGIES FOR ISOLATED AND GRID CONNECTED HYBRID SYSTEMS The ability to generate electrical power is an important aspect of modern society. The utilization of wind turbines to produce electricity is practiced for over hundred years. Similarly, diesel engines have been a technology to produce energy since 194s. However, the field of engineering concerned with the coupling of Wind- Diesel systems have just begun recently [135]. The following schematic represents basic Wind-Diesel hybrid system. Hybrid power system incorporates more than one piece of equipment for electricity generation as well as storage, power conditioning components and system controls. The system consists of two diesel generators along with a wind turbine connected to the AC bus side of the network in isolated and grid connected modes. HOMER power optimization software by NREL is used to simulate and analyze the hybrid systems. Figure 5.1 and 5.2 shows the isolated winddiesel and grid connected wind-diesel systems respectively. A technical challenge for the isolated hybrid Wind-Diesel system and grid tied hybrid system is related to its control and dispatch strategy. The energy distribution for hybrid systems with and without considering energy storage element battery will be different. Energy storage can smooth out the fluctuation of wind power. The dispatch strategy is intended to control the system such that the load requirements (electric and thermal, domestic hot water usage, space heating, and space cooling) are met. A dispatch strategy is a set or rules that govern the operation of the generator(s) and the battery bank. Two dispatch strategies, (i) load following and (ii) cycle charging are proposed for the system with multiple diesel generator controls. Which is optimal depends on many factors, including the sizes of the generators and battery bank, the price of fuel, the O&M cost of the generators, the amount of renewable power in the system, and the character of the renewable resources. The systems are simulated with two dispatch strategies and paper discusses the results of control and dispatch strategies Load Following Dispatch Strategy LOAD FOLLOWING: Under the load following strategy, whenever a generator is needed it produces only enough power to meet the demand. Load following tends to be optimal in systems with a lot of renewable power, when the renewable power 133
3 output sometimes exceeds the load. The load following strategy is a dispatch strategy whereby whenever a generator operates, it produces only enough power to meet the primary load. Lower-priority objectives such as charging the battery bank or serving the deferrable load are left to the renewable power sources. Under the load following strategy, HOMER dispatches the system's controllable power sources (generators, grid, battery bank) so as to serve the primary load and the thermal load at the least total cost each time step, while satisfying the operating reserve requirement. The total cost includes the cost of fuel, operation and maintenance, and replacement. P L = P WIND + P BATTERY (P DIESEL OFF). When Battery is connected P L = P DIESEL. When battery is not connected P EXCESS = P DUMPLOAD + P THERMAL A generator's fixed cost is equal to its hourly operation and maintenance cost plus its hourly replacement cost plus the cost of its no-load fuel consumption. Its marginal cost is equal to its fuel curve slope times the fuel price. If waste heat can be recovered from the generator and the waste heat is needed to serve the thermal load, the generator's marginal cost is reduced by the value of the thermal energy it produces (which is equal to the marginal cost of thermal energy from the boiler). If a cost is assigned to carbon emissions, the generator's marginal cost is increased accordingly. Once it characterizes each dispatchable source in this way, the set of combination of generation sources that satisfies the primary load, required operating reserve, and thermal load at least cost are simulated Cycle Charging Dispatch Strategy CYCLE CHARGING: Under the cycle charging strategy, whenever a generator has to operate, it operates at full capacity with surplus power going to charge the battery bank. Cycle charging tends to be optimal in systems with little or no renewable power. The cycle charging strategy is a dispatch strategy whereby whenever a generator needs to operate to serve the primary load, it operates at full output power. Surplus electrical production goes toward the lower-priority objectives such as, in order of decreasing priority: serving the deferrable load, charging the battery bank, and serving the electrolyzer. 134
4 P L = P WIND + P DIESEL (with 1% capacity) + P BATTERY (charging with surplus diesel power) When using the cycle charging strategy, the controllable power sources (generators, battery bank, grid) dispatches power in a two-step process. (1) selects the optimal combination of power sources to serve the primary and thermal load according to the load-following strategy. (2) ramps up the output of each generator in that optimal combination to its rated capacity, or as close as possible without causing excess electricity. If a set point state of charge applies to the cycle charging strategy, then when the battery state of charge is below the set point and the battery was not discharged in the previous time step, HOMER will avoid discharging the battery in this time step. A generator will likely be called upon to serve the primary load and produce excess electricity to charge the battery bank. So once the system starts charging the battery bank it continues to do so until it reaches the set point state of charge System Controls After the system components, modelling and simulations of the micro power system are carried out. HOMER, an optimization model is used to simulate the system. Large number of options are available for different sizes of the components used, components to be added to the system which make sense, cost functions of components used in the system. HOMER s optimization and sensitivity analysis algorithms evaluated the possibility of system configuration. A Range of different fuel prices and different wind speeds are considered for modelling. The system cost calculations account for costs such as capital, replacement, operation and maintenance, fuel and interest. The simulation is carried out for two different dispatch strategies (i) load following and (ii) cycle charging with diesel generator controls, considering an isolated wind-diesel and grid connected wind-diesel hybrid systems shown in figures 5.1 and 5.2 respectively. 135
5 Figure 5.1 Isolated Wind-Diesel HPS Figure 5.2 Grid Connected Wind-Diesel HPS Multiple generators can operate simultaneously, with minimum renewable energy fractions (MRF) considered = % and 2%, annual interest rate = 6%, plant working life span = 2 years, diesel price and 2%, wind speed =, 4.5 and 5.5 m/s Wind Turbine A 65 kw, Atlantic Orient make AOC 15/5 wind turbine is chosen for the system. Availability of energy from the wind turbine depends greatly on wind variations. Wind data for a site Kutch, Gujarat with 24.5 latitude and 7.5 longitude is considered. The parameters considered for wind turbine are : anemometer height : 1 m, Weibull K : 2, auto correlation factor:.85, scaled annual averages 4.5 and 5.5 m/sec, turbine life time : 15 years and hub height : 25 years. The capital cost, replacement cost and O&M cost considered for the wind turbine are 3 $, 25 $ and 5 $/yr respectively. Diesel Generator Two diesel generators of capacity 75 kw and 1 kw are considered for this system. Operating hours and Minimum load ratio % are 15 hours and 3% respectively. Capital cost, replacement and O&M costs considered for the diesel generators are 15 $, 12 $ and.5 $/hr. Battery Bank In case of excess energy from renewables, storage battery bank is used in the hybrid system design. Commercially available battery models, like Surrett 4KS25P (4V, 19 Ah, 7.6 kwh) is considered for the hybrid system. Each battery costs capital cost 5$, 5$ to replace the battery and 5$/yr for O&M. Optimized battery size from simulation result is 36 kw. 136
6 Power Converter A power electronic converter is required for a system in which DC components serve an AC load or vice versa. The installation and replacement cost are taken as 1$ and 1$ respectively. O&M cost is considered to be 1$/yr. Lifetime of a unit is 15 years and an efficiency of 85%. Grid Grid inputs refers to grid rates, emissions and interconnection charges and outputs are energy charges and demand charges. Grid rates can be applied to schedule diagram for different time periods. The peak rate applies in May to August from 9 to 12 pm. Shoulder rates are applied from June to July from 6 am to 6 pm. The off peak rates are applied to all other times. 5.3 LIFE CYCLE COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS This is a methodology for the systematic economic consideration of life costs and benefits over a period of analysis. Life cycle cost benefit analysis is an assessment of the environmental impact of a component throughout its life cycle. Figure 5.3 shows schematic representation of the proposed algorithm. Figure 5.3 Schematic Representation of the Proposed Algorithm 137
7 5.3.1 Proposed Methodology and Flowchart Flow chart of the proposed system is shown in figure 5.4 for Isolated and grid connected Wind-Diesel hybrid power system for load following and cycle charging strategy. Start Obtain Wind Speed Data for a particular location Enter the load data for (i) Daily Profile and (ii) Seasonal Profile Select suitable sizes of Wind Turbine, Diesel Generator, Battery and Convertor, Rate schedule of grid Apply System Controls and Dispatch Strategies Isolated Wind-Diesel Hybrid System Grid Connected Wind-Diesel Hybrid System Load Following Dispatch Cycle Charging Dispatch Analyze the impact of dispatch strategies in terms of Technical, Economic and Environmental aspects Stop Figure 5.4 Flowchart of the proposed Isolated and Grid Connected Wind-Diesel HPS 138
8 5.3.2 Case : 1 Wind-Diesel Isolated System Wind Resource Utilizing wind mills for various reasons is a practice for several years. Now many nations recognize the shortage of fossil fuels and importance of wind energy. The wind energy has re-emerged as an important source of sustainable energy resource worldwide. As the ratio of installed wind capacity to the system load increases, the required equipment needed to maintain a stable AC grid increases, forcing an optimum amount of wind power in a given system. So the design of individual components must be sized properly. India is enriched with abundant wind energy resources. Tamilnadu and Gujarat have the longest sea coast. So, a remote place of Gujarat, Kutch 23.4 latitude and longitude is taken as a site for data selection. Weather data are important for pre feasibility study of renewable hybrid system for a particular site. In this modelling, 65 kw AC rated power is used for the wind turbine. The power curve and cost curve for wind turbine is shown in figures 5.5 and 5.6 respectively. Figure 5.5 Power Curve of a Wind Turbine Turbine Figure 5.6 Cost Curve of a Wind The life time is taken as 25 years and Hub Height is 25 meters for the wind turbine considered. Figure 5.7 and 5.8 shows the wind resource and wind profile. 1 hr auto correlation factor is.893. Figure 5.7 Wind Resource Figure 5.8 Wind Speed Profile 139
9 Diesel Engines Diesel generators and combustion engines are mainly used for off-grid generation as a source of continuous power. Low installed capacity, high shaft efficiency, suitable for start-stop operation, and high exhaust heat are some of the favourable aspects of combustion engines. The shaft is directly coupled to the generator and electricity is produced. They run at a speed defined by the frequency of supply grid. In this modelling 75 kw and 1 kw diesel engines are used along with the wind turbine. In addition to wind turbine and two diesel generators, storage battery, a converter and a primary load is used in the modelling of Wind-Diesel hybrid system. A primary load of 2.1 MWh/day having 189 kw peak is taken for simulation. Figure 5.9 Isolated Wind-Diesel System in Figure 5.1 Grid connected Wind-Diesel System in HOMER HOMER Case : 2 Wind-Diesel Grid Connected Hybrid System Grid The rate schedule of grid for three different off peak, shoulder and peak durations are shown in figure 5.11 and Figure 5.11 Rate Schedule Figure 5.12 Month wise Rate Schedule 14
10 Parameters Dispatch Strategies Isolated HPS Dispatch Strategies Grid Connected HPS Load Following Cycle Charging Load Following Cycle Charging Total net present cost Levelized cost of energy Operating cost $ 5,732,866 $ 5,812,497 $ 3,879,561 $ 3,884,442 $.574/kWh $.582/kWh $.63/kWh $.63/kWh $ 268,346/yr $ 274,576/yr $ 128,633 /yr $ 129,13 /yr Renewable fraction Carbon Dioxide 334,355 kg/yr 359,157 kg/yr -2,179,278-2,179,621 Carbon Monoxide Unburned Hydrocarbons Particulate Matter Sulphur Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides 817 kg/yr 878 kg/yr 9.5 kg/yr 97.3 kg/yr 61.6 kg/yr 66.2 kg/yr 672 kg/yr 721 kg/yr 7,288 kg/yr 7,836 kg/yr ,949-9, Table 5.1 Results of Isolated and Grid Connected Hybrid Systems Results and Discussions The system shown in figure 5.9 and 5.1 are isolated and grid connected winddiesel hybrid systems. All hybrid power systems can be operated in two different modes : 1) Autonomous or isolated mode, where the components of microgrid like wind and diesel together with battery and convertor are not connected to the main grid. 2) Grid tied mode, where the microsources like wind and diesel in addition to the 141
11 battery are connected to the utility grid. In this mode, the size of battery and convertor required is small compared to the isolated mode. These two systems are simulated with the dispatch strategies like load following and cycle charging with the system and grid controls. Table 5.1 shows the comparison of load following and cycle charging dispatch strategies for isolated and grid connected wind-diesel system. Grid connected systems show better performance for total Net Present Cost (NPC), Levelized Cost of Energy (COE) and Renewable Fraction (RF) as shown in Figure 5.13 for Load Following Dispatch Strategy. NPC OC 1,, 5,, 3, 2, 1, NPC OC (a) Net Present Cost (b) Operating Cost LCE 1.5 LCE RF RF (c) Levelized Cost of Energy (d) Renewable Fraction Figure 5.13 Comparison of Isolated and Grid Connected System for Load Following Dispatch Strategy 142
12 CO UH PM Isolated Grid Connected 5.14 Comparison of Green House Gases for Isolated and Grid Connected Hybrid Systems NO X CO 2 8, 7,5 7, 36, 34, NOX 32, CO2 (a) NO X Emission (b) CO 2 Emission CO UH PM SO2 Load Following Cycle Charging Figure 5.15 (c) Environmental Parameters for Load Following and Cycle Charging Dispatch Strategy for Isolated Hybrid System 143
13 NPC OC 5,85, 5,8, 5,75, 5,7, 5,65, NPC 275, 27, 265, OC (a) Net Present Cost (b) Operating Cost LCE RF LCE RF (c) Levelized Cost of Energy (d) Renewable Fraction Figure 5.16 Comparison of Techno-Economic Parameters for Load Following and Cycle Charging Dispatch Strategy for Isolated System 5.4 PENETRATION BASED DISPATCH STRATEGIES Microgrids integrate distributed renewable energy resources, controllable local loads and energy storage systems in a more economic and reliable fashion. Energy storage units like battery, flywheel or hydrogen storage techniques are essential for microgrid operation, which make microgrid become a strong coupling system in the time domain. Hence, the traditional methods of static dispatch are no longer suitable for microgrid. The benefit of hybrid power systems is the combination of the continuously available diesel power and locally available, pollution-free wind energy or photovoltaic energy. With two different hybrid power systems (i) Wind-Diesel and (ii) PV-Diesel simulated, the annual diesel fuel consumption can be reduced and, at the same time, the level of pollution can be minimized. A proper control and dispatch strategy is developed to take full advantage of the renewable energy during the periods of time it is available and to minimize diesel fuel consumption. The proposed algorithm compares two dispatch strategies (i) load following and (ii) cycle charging 144
14 along with different system controls for two different hybrid systems based on renewable penetration in microgrid Proposed Methodology and Flowchart Figure 5.17 shows the flowchart of the proposed penetration based dispatch strategy for PV-Diesel and Wind-Diesel hybrid systems. The effectiveness of the dispatch strategies are checked from the proposed algorithm. Start Obtain Wind Speed Data, Solar Radiation for a particular location Enter the load data for (i) Daily Profile and (ii) Seasonal Profile Select suitable sizes of Wind Turbine, Diesel Generator, PV, Battery and Convertor Apply System Controls and Dispatch Strategies Wind-Diesel Hybrid System PV-Diesel Hybrid System Load Following Dispatch Cycle Charging Dispatch Analyze the impact of dispatch strategies in terms of Technical, Economic and Environmental aspects Stop Figure 5.17 Flowchart of the proposed penetration based dispatch Strategy 145
15 5.4.2 Case : 1 PV-Diesel Hybrid System Photo Voltaic System A 65 kw DC PV system is chosen for the system. Availability of energy from the PV depends greatly on solar radiation variations. Solar data for a site Charanka near Kutch, Gujarat. Figure 5.18 PV-Diesel System in HOMER Figure 5.19 Isolated PV-Diesel HPS Case : 2 Wind-Diesel Hybrid System Figure 5.2 Wind-Diesel System in HOMER Figure 5.21 Isolated Wind-Diesel HPS The parameters considered for PV are: lifetime: 2 years, ground reflectance: 2%, tracking system: horizontal axis, continuous adjustment, scaled annual average
16 kwh/m 2 /day. The capital cost, replacement cost and O&M cost considered for the wind turbine are 75 $, 75 $ and 75 $/yr respectively. The hybrid systems are shown in figures 5.18 to Results and Discussions Parameters Dispatch Strategies for Case :1 Wind-Diesel Hybrid System Dispatch Strategies for Case :2 PV-Diesel Hybrid System Load Cycle Load Cycle Following Charging Following Charging Total net present cost (NPC) Levelized cost of energy (COE) $ 5,732,866 $ 5,812,497 $ 5,396,565 $ 4,765,429 $.574/kWh $.582/kWh $.54/kWh $.477/kWh Operating Cost $ 268,346/yr $ 274,576/yr $ 356,445/yr $ 37,73/yr Renewable Fraction Carbon Dioxide 334,355 kg/yr 359,157 kg/yr 681,523 kg/yr 636,917 kg/yr Carbon Monoxide 817 kg/yr 878 kg/yr 1,658 kg/yr 1,548 kg/yr Unburned Hydrocarbons 9.5 kg/yr 97.3 kg/yr 184 kg/yr 171 kg/yr Particulate Matter 61.6 kg/yr 66.2 kg/yr 125 kg/yr 117 kg/yr Sulphur Dioxide 672 kg/yr 721 kg/yr 1,369 kg/yr 1,279 kg/yr Nitrogen Oxides 7,288 kg/yr 7,836 kg/yr 14,795 kg/yr 13,813 kg/yr Table: 5.2 Comparison of dispatch strategies for Wind-Diesel and PV-Diesel Hybrid Systems The hybrid systems shown in figures 5.18 and 5.2, are simulated for two different dispatch strategies with the system controls. Table 5.2 shows the comparison 147
17 of load following and cycle charging dispatch strategies for Wind-Diesel and PV- Diesel Hybrid Systems. Two hybrid systems are simulated for load following and cycle charging with SOC 8%, the analysis is carried out considering technical, electrical and environmental aspects. With the proposed system control and dispatch strategies for case 1, Wind-Diesel hybrid system, the performance of the system with load following dispatch strategy is better than that of cycle charging dispatch. For case 2, PV-Diesel hybrid system, cycle charging dispatch strategy proves better performance than load following strategy. Depending on the penetration of the renewable resources in the isolated hybrid systems, a dispatch strategy can be decided. NPC OC 6,, 4,, 2,, NPC 32, 3, 28, 26, 24, OC (a) Net Present Cost (b) Operating Cost LCE RF.5 1 LCE.5 1 RF (c) Levelized Cost of Energy (d) Renewable Fraction Figure 5.22 Comparison of Wind-Diesel and PV-Diesel for Cycle Charging Dispatch Strategy 148
18 CO2 NOX 1,, 5, 15, 1, 5, CO2 NOX (a) CO 2 Emission (b) NO X Emission CO UH PM SO2 Wind-Diesel PV-Diesel Figure 5.23 (c) Environmental Parameters for Wind-Diesel and PV-Diesel Hybrid System for Cycle Charging Dispatch Strategy NPC OC 5,5, 5,, 4,5, 4,, NPC 4, 35, 3, 25, OC (a) Net Present Cost (b) Operating Cost 149
19 LCE RF LCE RF (c) Levelized Cost of Energy (d) Renewable Fraction Figure 5.24 Comparison of PV-Diesel for Load Following and Cycle Charging Dispatch Strategies CO 2 NO X 7, 65, 6, CO2 15, 14,5 14, 13,5 13, NOX (a) CO 2 Emission (b) NO X Emission 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1, CO UH PM SO2 Load Following Cycle Charging Figure 5.25 (c) Environmental Parameters for PV-Diesel Hybrid System for Load Following and Cycle Charging Dispatch Strategies 15
20 5.5 CONCLUSION In first part of this chapter, isolated and grid connected wind-diesel hybrid systems with load following and cycle charging strategies are simulated. Later in this chapter, penetration based dispatch strategies are discussed for Wind-Diesel and PV- Diesel Hybrid Systems. To summarize the performance of isolated and grid connected systems, based on economic, technical and environmental aspects following points can be concluded : 1) Load following dispatch strategy is better for isolated wind-diesel system. The renewable fraction is high, Net Present Cost (NPC) is less and Green House Gases (GHG) and their emissions are less for load following strategy. 2) For a grid tied system, the dispatch strategy, whether load following does not make remarkable impact on technical, environmental and economical results. There is a slight decrease in NPC in load following dispatch strategy compared to cycle charging (as the battery charging cost reduces). For both dispatch strategies, renewable fraction, COE and emissions shows same effect. 3) When we compare isolated wind-diesel hybrid system with the grid connected wind-diesel hybrid power system, three parameters, Net Present Cost (NPC), Levelized Cost of Energy (COE) and renewable fraction changes significantly. These parameters shows better performance when the microgrid is in grid connected mode. Hence, grid connected systems are better than isolated hybrid power systems, but in remote places, where the grid is not available this isolated wind-diesel system is the only solution to cater the local load demands with load following strategy. The results of Case: 1, isolated Wind-diesel hybrid system using HOMER modelling shows that if, cost summary, cash flow summary, electrical production or emissions and cost of wind turbine, battery and converter is considered as a whole, load following dispatch strategy is far better than cycle charging dispatch strategy. Whereas the analysis of Case: 2, isolated PV-diesel hybrid system using HOMER modeling shows that if, cost summary, cash flow summary, electrical production or emissions and cost of pv, battery and converter is considered as a whole, cycle charging dispatch strategy is proves better than load following dispatch strategy, except the parameter renewable fraction. Considering economic, technical and environmental aspects for both the strategies, Load following strategy is better in 151
21 cases where renewable penetration is more and cycle charging is effective in cases where renewable energy penetration is less. It is clear from Table 1, that for the same size, wind penetrates more than pv. Hence, we can summarize that for hybrid winddiesel system, load following dispatch strategy and for pv-diesel hybrid system, cycle charging strategy gives better performance in terms of Net Present Cost (NPC), Cost of Energy (COE), renewable fraction and GHG (Green House Gases) emissions. 152
Modelling and Simulation of Distributed Generation System Using HOMER Software
Modelling and Simulation of Distributed Generation System Using HOMER Software Bindu U Kansara Electrical Engineering Department Sardar Patel University SICART, Vidyanagar 388 1210, Gujarat, India bindu_kansara@yahoo.co.in
More informationHybrid Micro-Power Energy Station; Design and Optimization by Using HOMER Modeling Software
Hybrid Micro-Power Energy Station; Design and Optimization by Using HOMER Modeling Software Iyad. M. Muslih 1, Yehya Abdellatif 2 1 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Applied Science
More informationOFF-GRID ELECTRICITY GENERATION WITH HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES IN IRAQ: AN APPLICATION OF HOMER
Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences ISSN 1999-8716 Printed in Iraq Second Engineering Scientific Conference College of Engineering University of Diyala 16-17 December. 2015, pp. 277-286 OFF-GRID ELECTRICITY
More informationDesign and Simulation of Micro-Power System of Renewables
Design and Simulation of Micro-Power System of Renewables Charles Kim, Ph.D. Howard University, Washington, DC USA Citation: Charles Kim, Lecture notes on Design and Simulation of Micro-Power Systems of
More informationHOMER Software Training Guide for Renewable Energy Base Station Design. Areef Kassam Field Implementation Manager
HOMER Training Guide for Renewable Energy Base Station Design Areef Kassam Field Implementation Manager Solar Table of Contents Introduction Step Step Step Step Solar Step Step Step Step Solar Introduction
More informationWind-Diesel Hybrid System Options for Alaska. Steve Drouilhet National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO
Wind-Diesel Hybrid System Options for Alaska Steve Drouilhet National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO Wind-Diesel Hybrid Power Systems Basic Concept A wind-diesel hybrid system combines wind turbine(s)
More informationRunning on Renewables (Lesson Plan) (Utilizing HOMER: Modeling Software for Hybrid Electric Power Systems)
Running on Renewables (Lesson Plan) (Utilizing HOMER: Modeling Software for Hybrid Electric Power Systems) Suggested Grade Level 9-12 Overview Students utilize software developed by the National Renewable
More informationSystem Modelling and Online Optimal Management of MicroGrid with Battery Storage
1 System Modelling and Online Optimal Management of MicroGrid with Battery Storage Faisal A. Mohamed, Heikki N. Koivo Control Engineering Lab, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 5500, FIN-0015
More informationA Discussion of PEM Fuel Cell Systems and Distributed Generation
A Discussion of PEM Fuel Cell Systems and Distributed Generation Jeffrey D. Glandt, M. Eng. Principal Engineer, Solutions Engineering May 2011 The information contained in this document is derived from
More informationCHAPTER 7 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
Chapter 7Performance Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems 21 CHAPTER 7 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS 7.1 Hybrid Renewable Energy System Vs Single Renewable Energy System
More informationMICROPOWER SYSTEM MODELING WITH HOMER
CHAPTER 15 MICROPOWER SYSTEM MODELING WITH HOMER TOM LAMBERT Mistaya Engineering Inc. PAUL GILMAN and PETER LILIENTHAL National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15.1 INTRODUCTION The HOMER Micropower Optimization
More informationHow To Evaluate Cogeneration
Power topic #7018 Technical information from Cummins Power Generation Inc. Evaluating cogeneration for your facility: A look at the potential energy-efficiency, economic and environmental benefits > White
More informationValue of Distributed Generation
Value of Distributed Generation Solar PV in Rhode Island July 2015 Overview Distributed energy resources (DERs) like solar photovoltaic (solar PV) systems provide unique value to the electric grid by reducing
More informationAdvanced Electricity Storage Technologies Program. Smart Energy Storage (Trading as Ecoult) Final Public Report
Advanced Electricity Storage Technologies Program Smart Energy Storage (Trading as Ecoult) Final Public Report Introduction Ecoult, working with CSIRO as its principal subcontractor, was provided $1,825,440
More informationDETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMUM RENEWABLE POWER GENERATING SYSTEMS FOR AN EDUCATIONAL CAMPUS IN KIRKLARELI UNIVERSITY
Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges December/Aralık 2011 DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMUM RENEWABLE POWER GENERATING SYSTEMS FOR AN EDUCATIONAL CAMPUS IN KIRKLARELI UNIVERSITY Cihan GOKCOL 1, Bahtiyar
More informationOptimium Planning of Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using HOMER
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol. 2, No. 1, February 2012, pp. 68~74 ISSN: 2088-8708 68 Optimium Planning of Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using HOMER J. B. Fulzele
More informationContinuous flow direct water heating for potable hot water
Continuous flow direct water heating for potable hot water An independently produced White Paper for Rinnai UK 2013 www.rinnaiuk.com In the 35 years since direct hot water systems entered the UK commercial
More informationSimulations of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems and Environmental Impact for Qena Al-Gadida City
Simulations of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems and Environmental Impact for Qena Al-Gadida City Abdelrahman Atallah Z. Saleh 1, Loai S. Nasrat 2, Barakat M. Hasaneen 3, Ibrahim A.I. Nassar 4 1 Department
More informationSource: EIA Natural Gas Issues and Trends 1998
7.0 System Redesign Analysis 7.1 Emissions Natural gas is a clean burning fossil fuel. It consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon gases, primarily Methane (CH 4 ). In analyzing the combustion process, it
More informationHalf the cost Half the carbon
Half the cost Half the carbon the world s most efficient micro-chp What is BlueGEN? The most efficient small-scale electricity generator BlueGEN uses natural gas from the grid to generate electricity within
More informationStationary Energy Storage Solutions 3. Stationary Energy Storage Solutions
Stationary Energy Storage Solutions 3 Stationary Energy Storage Solutions 2 Stationary Energy Storage Solutions Stationary Storage: Key element of the future energy system Worldwide growing energy demand,
More informationValue of Distributed Generation
Value of Distributed Generation Solar PV in Massachusetts April 2015 Overview Distributed energy resources (DERs) like solar photovoltaic (solar PV) systems provide unique value to the electric grid by
More informationStorage Battery System Using Lithium ion Batteries
Offices and schools Utilities / Renewable energy Storage Battery System Using Lithium ion Batteries Worldwide Expansion of Storage Battery System s Commercial Buildings Residential The Smart Energy System
More informationCNMEC REC PROGRAM. The REC meter will be read monthly by CNMEC. Payment for RECs will be calculated using the monthly readings from the REC meter.
CNMEC REC PROGRAM Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) are tradable, non-tangible energy commodities that represent proof that 1 megawatt-hour (1000 kilowatt-hours) of electricity were generated from an
More informationDemonstration tests of microgrid systems using renewable energy for small remote islands
21, rue d Artois, F-758 PARIS C1_116_212 CIGRE 212 http: //www.cigre.org Demonstration tests of microgrid systems using renewable energy for small remote islands K. ISHIDA Y. SHIMOGAWA Y. SATO K. TAKANO
More informationEnergy Systems Integration
Energy Systems Integration Dr. Martha Symko-Davies Director of Partnerships, ESI March 2015 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
More informationRenewable Energy in Telecom 2nd India Specific working group: Green Power for Mobile
Renewable Energy in Telecom 2nd India Specific working group: Green Power for Mobile Sairam Prasad CTO, Bharti Infratel Ltd Agenda Indian Carbon Footprint Scenario Energy Management Opportunities in Energy
More informationPreparatory Paper on Focal Areas to Support a Sustainable Energy System in the Electricity Sector
Preparatory Paper on Focal Areas to Support a Sustainable Energy System in the Electricity Sector C. Agert, Th. Vogt EWE Research Centre NEXT ENERGY, Oldenburg, Germany corresponding author: Carsten.Agert@next-energy.de
More informationIntroduction to Non- Conventional Energy Systems
Introduction to Non- Conventional Energy Systems Dr.L.Umanand L. Umanand NCES/M1/V1/2004 1 Why Fossil Fuel Base? Applications need concentrated energy i.e. high energy densities. Extraction, storage, distribution
More informationEVALUATION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY AS HEAT SOURCE OF DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS IN TIANJIN, CHINA
EVALUATION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY AS HEAT SOURCE OF DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS IN TIANJIN, CHINA Jingyu Zhang, Xiaoti Jiang, Jun Zhou, and Jiangxiong Song Tianjin University, North China Municipal Engineering
More informationSIMPLIFIED PERFORMANCE MODEL FOR HYBRID WIND DIESEL SYSTEMS. J. F. MANWELL, J. G. McGOWAN and U. ABDULWAHID
SIMPLIFIED PERFORMANCE MODEL FOR HYBRID WIND DIESEL SYSTEMS J. F. MANWELL, J. G. McGOWAN and U. ABDULWAHID Renewable Energy Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of
More informationStudy of hybrid wind-hydro power plants operation and performance in the autonomous electricity system of Crete Island
Study of hybrid wind-hydro power plants operation and performance in the autonomous electricity system of Crete Island J. S. ANAGNOSTOPOULOS and D. E. PAPANTONIS School of Mechanical Engineering National
More informationGlossary of Terms Avoided Cost - Backfeed - Backup Generator - Backup Power - Base Rate or Fixed Charge Baseload Generation (Baseload Plant) -
Glossary of Terms Avoided Cost - The incremental cost Flint Energies would pay for the next kilowatt-hour of power in the open marketplace for energy. Flint Energies Board of Directors sets this Avoided
More informationEffect of Operation Strategies on the Economic Performance of a Hybrid Photovoltaic-Micro Gas Turbine Trigeneration System
MATEC Web of Conferences 13, 02002 (2014) DOI: 10.1051/ matecconf/ 2014 13 02002 C Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2014 Effect of Operation Strategies on the Economic Performance of a
More informationOptimization of Renewable Energy Hybrid System by Minimizing Excess Capacity
Optimization of Renewable Energy Hybrid System by Minimizing Excess Capacity Juhari Ab. Razak, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Yusoff Ali, Abstract Optimization of renewable energy hybrid system looks into the process
More informationDistributed Power, Renewables, Stored Energy and the Grid Blinkless Synchronous Inverter System
Distributed Power, Renewables, Stored Energy and the Grid Blinkless Synchronous Inverter Go Electric Inc. www.goelectricinc.com 1 Distributed Power, Renewables, Stored Energy and the Grid Blinkless Synchronous
More informationA Proposal for Solar Energy Power in the city of Boulder, Colorado
A Proposal for Solar Energy Power in the city of Boulder, Colorado May 6, 2006 GEOL 4080 Hartmut Spetzler By: Kelly Butler Steven Theesfeld Amanda Nahm Ben Greene Mike Stauthamer Nick Struck Executive
More informationControl of a Hybrid Energy System
Control of a Hybrid Energy System Michael Snow, B. Eng. P. Eng. Master of Engineering Candidate Supervisors: Tariq Iqbal Neil Bose Outline Introduction Background Problem Design Methodology Research Design
More informationHybrid and Off grid Systems Princeton Power Systems Inverter Technology Ken McCauley and Alan Cohen Princeton Power Systems
Hybrid and Off grid Systems Princeton Power Systems Inverter Technology Ken McCauley and Alan Cohen Princeton Power Systems Core Technologies High quality, Robust Power Electronics: Grid Tied Inverter
More informationO Desafio da Microgeração e das Microredes
31 Março 2008 Sessões Técnicas OE Campus da FEUP Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 378 4200-465 Porto Portugal T +351 222 094 000 F +351 222 094 050 jpl@fe.up.pt O Desafio da Microgeração e das Microredes J. A. Peças
More informationCHINA 2050 HIGH RENEWABLE ENERGY PENETRATION SCENARIO AND RODAMAP STUDY
国 家 发 展 和 改 革 委 员 会 能 源 研 究 所 Energy Research Institute National Development and Reform Commission CHINA 2050 HIGH RENEWABLE ENERGY PENETRATION SCENARIO AND RODAMAP STUDY CHINA NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY
More informationEmissions Comparison for a 20 MW Flywheel-based Frequency Regulation Power Plant
Emissions Comparison for a 20 MW Flywheel-based Frequency Regulation Power Plant Beacon Power Corporation KEMA Project: BPCC.0003.001 May 18, 2007 Final Report with Updated Data Emissions Comparison for
More informationRenewable Energy: Essential terms terms and and concepts for citizens and a dvocates advocates
Renewable Energy: Essential terms and concepts for citizens and advocates Courtesy of NASA Contact Information Pete Shoemaker Pacific Energy Center 851 Howard St. San Francisco, CA 94103 (415) 973-8850
More informationHybrid heat pumps. saving energy and reducing carbon emissions
Hybrid heat pumps saving energy and reducing carbon emissions Bart Aspeslagh Product planning and new technology manager, Daikin Europe NV. aspeslagh.b@daikineurope.com Stefanie Debaets Design engineer,
More informationCase Study 5 Use of Wind Turbine Technology
Case Study 5 Use of Wind Turbine Technology 1. Context Hong Kong relies on an adequate and reliable electricity supply for its economic development. Our electricity needs are met by the two electricity
More information10 Nuclear Power Reactors Figure 10.1
10 Nuclear Power Reactors Figure 10.1 89 10.1 What is a Nuclear Power Station? The purpose of a power station is to generate electricity safely reliably and economically. Figure 10.1 is the schematic of
More informationDeep Dive on Microgrid Technologies
March 2015 Deep Dive on Microgrid Technologies 2 3 7 7 share: In the wake of Superstorm Sandy, a microgrid kept the lights on for more than for the more than 60,000 residents of Co-Op City in the northeastern
More informationSolar and Wind Energy for Greenhouses. A.J. Both 1 and Tom Manning 2
Solar and Wind Energy for Greenhouses A.J. Both 1 and Tom Manning 2 1 Associate Extension Specialist 2 Project Engineer NJ Agricultural Experiment Station Rutgers University 20 Ag Extension Way New Brunswick,
More informationAbstract. emails: ronderby@earthlink.net, splazzara@aol.com, phone: 860-429-6508, fax: 860-429-4456
SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT WITH THERMAL STORAGE Ronald C. Derby, President Samuel P. Lazzara, Chief Technical Officer Cenicom Solar Energy LLC * Abstract TM employs 88 parabolic mirrors (concentrating dishes)
More informationHybrid Solar Power Plant in Saint Martin s Island can Enlarge Tourist Attraction in Bangladesh
I.J. Engineering and Manufacturing, 2016, 3, 12-22 Published Online May 2016 in MECS (http://www.mecs-press.net) DOI: 10.5815/ijem.2016.03.02 Available online at http://www.mecs-press.net/ijem Hybrid Solar
More informationSOLAR PV-WIND HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEM
SOLAR PV-WIND HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEM J.Godson 1,M.Karthick 2,T.Muthukrishnan 3,M.S.Sivagamasundari 4 Final year UG students, Department of EEE,V V College of Engineering,Tisaiyanvilai, Tirunelveli,
More informationThe Quest for Energy Efficiency. A White Paper from the experts in Business-Critical Continuity
The Quest for Energy Efficiency A White Paper from the experts in Business-Critical Continuity Abstract One of the most widely discussed issues throughout the world today is the rapidly increasing price
More informationWind Energy and Production of Hydrogen and Electricity Opportunities for Renewable Hydrogen
National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future A national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Wind Energy and Production of
More informationModelling and optimization of renewable energy supply for electrified vehicle fleet
Modelling and optimization of renewable energy supply for electrified vehicle fleet Dipl. Ing. Torsten Schwan Dipl. Ing. René Unger EA Systems Dresden GmbH Prof. Dr. Ing. Bernard Bäker Institute of Automotive
More informationHOW TO SELECT GREEN TECHNOLOGIES IN A HARBOUR SETUP
HOW TO SELECT GREEN TECHNOLOGIES IN A HARBOUR SETUP E-Harbours towards sustainable, clean and energetic innovative harbour cities in the rth Sea Region ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This report has been realised with
More informationTop Technology for Industry, Agriculture, Business and Communities
Top Technology for Industry, Agriculture, Business and Communities CHP The Technology with a Potential for Saving Energy Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is a highly efficient technology for the conversion
More informationEnergy Storage Systems. New solutions for a new energy environment
Energy Storage Systems New solutions for a new energy environment Facilitating the integration of renewable energy The increase in the quantity of electricity produced by renewable sources is creating
More informationFuji Electric Renewable Energy Solution
Fuji Electric Renewable Energy Solution September 15, 2015 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 1 Power generation by renewable energy Geothermal Photovoltaic Micro-hydro
More informationSustainable Schools 2009. Renewable Energy Technologies. Andrew Lyle RD Energy Solutions
Sustainable Schools 2009 Renewable Energy Technologies Andrew Lyle RD Energy Solutions RD Energy Solutions Energy efficiency and renewable energy consultancy Project management of installations Maintenance
More informationSolar power Availability of solar energy
Solar Energy Solar Energy is radiant energy produced in the sun as a result of nuclear fusion reactions. It is transmitted to the earth through space by electromagnetic radiation in quanta of energy called
More informationTotally Integrated Power SIESTORAGE. The modular energy storage system for a reliable power supply. www.siemens.com/siestorage
Totally Integrated Power SIESTORAGE The modular energy storage system for a reliable power supply www.siemens.com/siestorage Totally Integrated Power (TIP) We bring power to the point. Our products, systems,
More informationPre-feasibility study of stand-alone hybrid energy systems for applications in Newfoundland
Renewable Energy 30 (2005) 835 854 www.elsevier.com/locate/renene Pre-feasibility study of stand-alone hybrid energy systems for applications in Newfoundland M.J. Khan*, M.T. Iqbal 1 Faculty of Engineering
More informationTechno-Economics of Distributed Generation and Storage of Solar Hydrogen
Techno-Economics of Distributed Generation and Storage of Solar Hydrogen Philipp Grünewald, Tim Cockerill, Marcello Contestabile, Imperial College London, UK Abstract For hydrogen to become a truly sustainable
More informationSAP 2012 IN A NUTSHELL
SAP 2012 IN A NUTSHELL The consultation version of the SAP 2012 methodology was published by the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) on January 4th 2012. This article from Dyfrig Hughes of National
More informationChancellor s Residence:
University of Colorado at Boulder Chancellor s Residence: Smart Home energy management through technology innovation efficiency in partnership with SmartGridCity Boulder s first Smart Home The University
More informationA GUIDANCE NOTE ON THE BEST PRACTICABLE MEANS FOR ELECTRICITY WORKS BPM 7/1 (2014)
A GUIDANCE NOTE ON THE BEST PRACTICABLE MEANS FOR ELECTRICITY WORKS (COAL-FIRED PLANT, GAS-FIRED GAS TURBINE, AND OIL-FIRED GAS TURBINE (PEAK LOPPING PLANT)) BPM 7/1 (2014) Environmental Protection Department
More informationHYBRID POWER SYSTEMS for TELECOM applications
HYBRID POWER SYSTEMS HYBRID POWER SYSTEMS HYBRID POWER SYSTEM WITH AC GENSET PRAMAC has developed a new solution that allow coupling a traditional AC constant speed diesel genset with an energy storage
More informationEnough Solar Energy falls on New York in ONE DAY to power the state for ONE YEAR
Enough Solar Energy falls on New York in ONE DAY to power the state for ONE YEAR Dr., physicist 1/19/2006 Solar Power to the People 1 3% of the State of New York s land area is covered with buildings and
More informationFlexible Capacity Planning for Renewable Integration CEF Topical White Paper Jeremy Hargreaves, Elaine Hart, Ryan Jones, Arne Olson E3
July 15, 2013 Flexible Capacity Planning for Renewable Integration CEF Topical White Paper Jeremy Hargreaves, Elaine Hart, Ryan Jones, Arne Olson E3 Problem Statement For California, meeting an economy-
More informationRenewable Technologies
RPS Data Form 1: Renewable Generating Technologies Applicable Utility Service Area: All Service Territories Statewide Renewable Technologies Solar Other Other Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Water Heating Hybrid
More informationSIMULATION OF A COMBINED WIND AND SOLAR POWER PLANT
SMULATON OF A COMBNED WND AND SOLAR POWER PLANT M. T. SAMARAKOU Athens University, Electronics Laboratory, Solonos /04, Athens, Greece AND J. C. HENNET Laboratoire d'automatique et d'analyse des Systemes
More informatione7/ppa Workshop on Renewable Energy - TEST ANSWER -
e7/ppa Workshop on Renewable Energy - TEST ANSWER - NAME UTILITY 1 Question 1: Give two kinds of gases that cause the global warming. Most serious Green house gas. CO 2 (Carbon dioxide), CH 4 (Methane),
More informationThe Real Cost of Electrical Energy. Outline of Presentation
2 Outline of Presentation Data Sources Electricity Demand and Supply Cost to Meet Demand Profile Electricity Pricing Cost Impact of Dispatching Generation (Load Following) Simplifying Assumptions Electricity
More informationSea Water Heat Pump Project
Sea Water Heat Pump Project Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, AK Presenter: Andy Baker, PE, YourCleanEnergy LLC Also Present is ASLC Operations Manager: Darryl Schaefermeyer ACEP Rural Energy Conference Forum
More informationDemand Response Market Overview. Glossary of Demand Response Services
Demand Response Market Overview Glossary of Demand Response Services Open Energi has partnered with Tarmac to provide Demand Response What s inside... Market Overview Balancing Electricity Supply and Demand
More informationENERGY PRODUCING SYSTEMS
ENERGY PRODUCING SYSTEMS SOLAR POWER INTRODUCTION Energy from the sun falls on our planet on a daily basis. The warmth of the sun creates conditions on earth conducive to life. The weather patterns that
More informationSiemens Hybrid Power Solutions. Cost and emission reduction by integrating renewables into diesel plants
Siemens Hybrid Power Solutions Cost and emission reduction by integrating renewables into diesel plants Instrumentation, Controls & Electrical Complete, optimized solutions that minimize your risk One-stop
More informationApplicability of Trigeneration Systems in the Hotel Buildings: The North Cyprus Case
Applicability of Trigeneration Systems in Hotel Buildings: The North Cyprus Case M. OZDENEFE, U. ATIKOL Department of Mechanical Engineering Eastern Mediterranean University Gazimagusa, North Cyprus, Mersin
More informationEmission Facts. The amount of pollution that a vehicle emits and the rate at which
Average Annual Emissions and Fuel for Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks The amount of pollution that a vehicle emits and the rate at which it consumes fuel are dependent on many factors.
More informationRenewable Energy Management System (REMS): Using optimisation to plan renewable energy infrastructure investment in the Pacific
Renewable Energy Management System (REMS): Using optimisation to plan renewable energy infrastructure investment in the Pacific Abstract: Faisal Wahid PhD Student at the Department of Engineering Science,
More informationDesenvolvimento da Microgeração e das Microredes
27 MAY 21 Campus da FEUP Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 378 42-465 Porto Portugal T +351 222 94 F +351 222 94 5 www@inescporto.pt www.inescporto.pt Desenvolvimento da Microgeração e das Microredes João A. Peças
More informationSTEADYSUN THEnergy white paper. Energy Generation Forecasting in Solar-Diesel-Hybrid Applications
STEADYSUN THEnergy white paper Energy Generation Forecasting in Solar-Diesel-Hybrid Applications April 2016 Content 1 Introduction... 3 2 Weather forecasting for solar-diesel hybrid systems... 4 2.1 The
More informationAdapting Gas-Power Generation to New Role in Low-Carbon Energy Systems
Adapting Gas-Power Generation to New Role in Low-Carbon Energy Systems Sandra Scalari Enel Ingegneria e Ricerca SpA Copenhagen, May 27-28 th 2014 Enel Presentation Generation Shift & Market in Europe Enel
More informationESC Project: INMES Integrated model of the energy system
ESC Project: INMES Integrated model of the energy system Frontiers in Energy Research, March, 2015 Dr. Pedro Crespo Del Granado Energy Science Center, ETH Zürich ESC 19/03/2015 1 Presentation outline 1.
More informationGAS HEATING IN COMMERCIAL PREMISES
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OFFICES GAS HEATING IN COMMERCIAL PREMISES www.energia.ie www.energia.ie Typically, energy reductions of 10% or more can be made easily through maintenance and low cost improvements.
More informationEnergy Engineering Program. Mission. Vision. Today s 3 Critical Challenges 5/24/2012
Engineering Energy Program of the University of the Philippines & the Renewable Energy Act of 2008 Energy Engineering Program It was instituted in 1983 with the objective of training specialists who will:
More informationFINANCIAL AND RISK ANALYSIS WITH RETSCREEN SOFTWARE. SLIDE 1: Financial and Risk Analysis with RETScreen Software
Training Module SPEAKER S NOTES FINANCIAL AND RISK ANALYSIS WITH RETSCREEN SOFTWARE CLEAN ENERGY PROJECT ANALYSIS COURSE This document provides a transcription of the oral presentation (Voice & Slides)
More informationConsider How can you collect solar energy for use in your school? What are other alternatives?
5 a 5 Energy Sources a - Energy from the sun Purpose To explore sourcing our energy from the sun Key concepts Solar energy is a natural and renewable resource Heat energy from the sun can be used to heat
More informationEPA Requirements for Diesel Standby Engines In Data Centers. Bob Stelzer / CTO / Safety Power Inc. For 7x24 Fall 2014 Conference. 1.
EPA Requirements for Diesel Standby Engines In Data Centers Bob Stelzer / CTO / Safety Power Inc For 7x24 Fall 2014 Conference 1.0 Introduction In order to get the Air Emissions Permit for facilities that
More informationLevelized Cost of New Electricity Generating Technologies
Levelized Cost of New Electricity Generating Technologies The Energy Information Administration (EIA) produces forecasts of energy supply and demand for the next 20 years using the National Energy Modeling
More informationPrinceton University Microgrid
Princeton University Microgrid IDEA evolvingenergy Conference Toronto, Canada 28th 30th October 2014 Edward Ted Borer, PE etborer@princeton.edu Overview Campus Energy Demands Energy Plant Equipment Combined
More informationGUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (08) & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (09) ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION SUBJECT CODE: 2140908 B.E. 4 th SEMESTER Type of Course: Engineering
More informationCSP-gas hybrid plants: Cost effective and fully dispatchable integration of CSP into the electricity mix
CSP-gas hybrid plants: Cost effective and fully dispatchable integration of CSP into the electricity mix Erik Zindel Director Marketing CSP (Power Block) Siemens AG PowerGen Europe 2012 Köln Messe, 12-14
More informationAC COUPLED HYBRID SYSTEMS AND MINI GRIDS
, Michael; Hermes, Matthias SMA Technologie AG Hannoversche Str. 1-5 34266 Niestetal GERMANY E-mail: Michael.@SMA.de E-mail: Matthias.Hermes@SMA.de 1. INTRODUCTION Distributed supply based on renewable
More informationUNDERSTANDING ENERGY BILLS & TARRIFS
UNDERSTANDING ENERGY BILLS & TARRIFS as part of the Energy Efficiency Information Grants Program Reading and understanding your energy and gas bills is a good first step to help you to identify where you
More informationProject Idea Note: Solar Water Heating Fee-For-Service Program in the Caribbean
PROJECT IDEA NOTE (Based on the World Bank s PIN Template, with Some Adaptations) A. Project description, type, location and schedule Name of Project: Solar Water Heating Fee-for-Service Program in the
More informationTelefónica South America Feasibility Studies
1 Telefónica South America Feasibility Studies The GSMA conducted a six country study for Telefónica in South America. The countries covered by this study were Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Nicaragua,
More informationWesleyan University. Electrical Power Study
1 Wesleyan University Business Continuity Planning Electrical Power Study 2 October 2011 snow storm 80% of Connecticut lost power including Wesleyan Wesleyan buildings were without power 3-6 days Without
More informationIntegration of distributed energy resources and demand response in energy systems
Integration of distributed energy resources and demand response in energy systems Niamh O Connell Ben Kroposki National Renewable DTU Compute Energy NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department
More informationEnergy Strategic Plan Los Angeles Community College District Community College League Conference
Energy Strategic Plan Los Angeles Community College District Community College League Conference Larry Eisenberg Executive Director, Facilities Planning and Development November 16,2006 West Los Angeles
More information