ASIA-PACIFIC METROLOGY PROGRAMME

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1 ASIA-PACIFIC METROLOGY PROGRAMME APMP.M.FF-K2 Bilateral Comparison Hydrocarbon Liquid Flow Final Report November 2011 Pilot Institute: Center for Measurement Standards () I-Cheng Chen,, Chinese Taipei Chun-Min Su,, Chinese Taipei Cheng-Tsair Yang,, Chinese Taipei Nguyen Hong Thai, VMI, Vietnam Page 1 of 20 November 2011

2 SUMMARY This bilateral comparison was carried out in the field of liquid hydrocarbon flow following the Guidelines for CIPM key comparison. This APMP.M.FF-K2 comparison involved two laboratories, Center for Measurement Standards (, Chinese Taipei) and Vietnam Measurement Institute (VMI), which are both national standard calibration laboratories. The bilateral comparison was conducted using light liquid hydrocarbon across a flow range of 5 L/s to 30 L/s. A Kral positive displacement meter served as the transfer standard. The Strouhal number and Reynolds number served as the key parameters for expressing the laboratories measurement of volume and flowrate. The En value of the VMI test results with reference to was Page 2 of 20 November 2011

3 CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION TRANSFER STANDARD ORGANIZATION Participants Test Schedule Test Methods Test Protocol CALIBRATION RESULTS Initial Examination of All Data Kinematic Viscosity and Temperature Effect Reproducibility of the Transfer Standard Observed at ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT RESULTS Degrees of Equivalence of VMI Relative to CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWDGEMENT REFERENCES.. 15 APPENDIX A: TABLES OF FINAL RESULTS.. 16 APPENDIX B: TABLE OF TEST RESULTS IN NMIJ Page 3 of 20 November 2011

4 1 INTRODUCTION International comparisons are a main approach to achieve worldwide equivalence in metrology standards. The Vietnam Metrology Institute, henceforth referred to as the VMI, wanted to show its competence in measurement and calibration at the liquid hydrocarbon flow regions. The Center for Measurement Standards of Chinese Taipei, henceforth referred to as the, joined the CCM-WGFF key comparison project organized by National Engineering Laboratory (NEL), UK in 2005 as a linkage laboratory. and VMI embarked on a bilateral comparison of their liquid hydrocarbon flow standards. This bilateral comparison, APMP.M.FF-K2, was undertaken by the Technical Committee for Fluid Flow (TCFF) of Asia Pacific Metrology Program (APMP), and piloted by. The objective of this bilateral comparison is to achieve proper linkage with the current CCM.FF-K2 reference value, to determine the degree of equivalence in the liquid hydrocarbon standards of the and VMI, and to provide supporting evidence for the calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) claimed by the VMI. 2 TRANSFER STANDARD The design of the transfer standard was a positive displacement (PD) meter with linear performance. This meter is insensitive to flow profile, and has a relatively small but predictable change in performance with kinematic viscosity. The comparison package consisted of a 100 mm screw-type PD meter manufactured by Kral Volumeter, three associated pipeworks, and a cone-type filter. The package is owned by the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ). An intercomparison CCM.FF-K2 organized by the NEL (UK) had been conducted in 2005 to The results of that study compared the calculations of Strouhal and Reynolds numbers. These dimensionless numbers served as the key parameters for expressing the laboratories measurements of volume and flowrate, respectively. Because both Strouhal and Reynolds numbers depend on an actual diameter, the defined pipe diameter at 20 C must be corrected for temperature expansion for each flow tested. This temperature correction reflects, to some degree, the temperature changes of the meter under test. The correction was carried out Page 4 of 20 November 2011

5 based on the thermal coefficient of expansion of the meter material. This temperature correction was performed using the following formula. D Dr ( 1 ( T Tr)) (1) D = Diameter at test temperature (m) Dr = Defined diameter of package pipe inlet ( m at 20 C) = Coefficient of linear expansion of the material ( C -1 for the Kral meter) T = Temperature ( C) Tr = Reference temperature (20 C) The Reynolds number (Re) is 6 4 Q 10 D 2 D Re (2) Q = Volumetric flow rate (m 3 /s) = Kinematic viscosity (mm 2 /s) or (cst) The K-factor is used to calculate the temperature-compensated Strouhal number expressed as follows: Strouhal = K D 3 (3) K = K-factor (pulses per cubic meter, herein expressed as pulses per liter, p/l) In broad terms a positive displacement flowmeter has a performance primarily related to the volume passing through the measuring chamber. Fluid properties provide second order changes to the performance. The primary analysis of this comparison was carried out by comparing the Strouhal number at a constant Reynolds. Figure 1 presents the layout of the transfer standard package and a photo. Page 5 of 20 November 2011

6 Flow 1-4" pipe, 500 mm long F- Cone type insert filter 2-4" pipe, 300 mm long 3- Kral meter, 450 mm long 4-4" pipe, 500 mm long Figure 1 Layout and photo of transfer standard package 3 ORGANIZATION 3.1 Participants Table 1 lists the detail of participating labs. # 1 2 Participating NMI (Economy) (Chinese Taipei) VMI (Vietnam) Table 1 Detail of participating labs Contact Person Address and Phone Number Shipping Address Dr. Cheng-Tsair Yang ctyang@itri.org.tw, Center for Measurement Standards, Industrial Technology Research Institute 30, Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, R.O.C. Dr. Nguyen Hong Thai thaingh@gmail.com, Vietnam Metrology Institute 8, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Page 6 of 20 November 2011

7 3.2 Test Schedule Table 2 provides the order and dates of testing. Table 2 Test schedule (all dates are in 2009) Participating NMI From To Remarks (#1) June 3 August 3 Preliminary and comparison tests VMI September 30 October 9 (#2) December 3 December 7 Return check 3.3 Test Method Each laboratory used its normal test method to calibrate the flowmeter provided in the package to best reflect the capability declared in their CMC entry. Table 3 provides the test methods employed. Table 3 Test method Participating NMI VMI Test Method Gravimetric standing start and finish Volumetric tank standing start and finish 3.4 Test Protocol The comparison was conducted across a flow range of 5 L/s to 30 L/s, referring to CCM.FF-K2 key comparison. Table 4 describes the test sequence. A specified number of test points along with the order (flowrates) of the test points were required. The first set of test points was specified in terms of volumetric flow, and two test points were required for each flowrate. The last set of six test points was specified in terms of Reynolds number and were to be spread across the target value of Re = This Reynolds number was based on the 4" pipeline, Dr = m, used in this bilateral comparison. This arrangement created a flowrate similar to that of the cardinal point, Re = , based on a pipeline of Dr = m in the CCM.FF-K2 key comparison. Page 7 of 20 November 2011

8 Table 4 Flowrates and test sequence Flowrate Reynolds No. No. of Points (L/s) 5 N/A 2 10 N/A 2 15 N/A 2 20 N/A 2 25 N/A 2 30 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 Cardinal Point Total No. of Points 28 Table 5 lists the actual test conditions at the cardinal point. Table 5 Flowrates and test sequence Participating NMI Average Temperature ( C) Average Kinematic Viscosity (mm 2 /s) VMI CALIBRATION RESULTS 4.1 Initial Examination of All Data Figure 2 shows the Kral meter calibration results, expressed by K-factor versus test flowrate, from both laboratories. Appendix A presents all the test data used in this analysis. Page 8 of 20 November 2011

9 K2 Bilateral comparison, all data (20 ) VMI(29 to 36.4 ) K-factor (p/l) (35 ) +/- 0.05% Flowrate (L/s) Figure 2 Test results of and VMI represented by K-factor vs. flowrate In this experimental design, the comparison, in accordance with the CCM.FF-K2 Key Comparison Reference Value (KCRV), was based on the Strouhal number and Reynolds number. The Strouhal number was then calculated and plotted against the Reynolds number, as Fig. 3 shows. K2 Bilateral comparison, all data (20 ) VMI(29 to 36.4 ) Strouhal No Reynolds No. (35 ) Figure 3 Test results represented by Strouhal no. vs. Reynolds no. Table 6 gives the Strouhal number and expanded uncertainty derived for each laboratory at Re = In this table, the Strouhal number is the averaged Page 9 of 20 November 2011

10 value of six test data, and U i is the expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor (k) of 2. Table 6 Calibration results reported by the participating labs (Re = ) NMI Calibration Result Strouhal no (20 C) (35 C) Expanded Uncertainty U i % VMI % Although the cardinal point of this comparison was originally set at Re = , however, as can be seen in Fig.3, the transfer standard lost its typical Re-dependent characteristic at Reynolds number lower than approximately when tested at VMI due to the relatively low kinematic viscosity oil used and associated lower flow rate. Therefore, it is deemed more appropriate to evaluate the degree of equivalence between VMI and at Re = rather than Re = Table 7 gives the Strouhal number and expanded uncertainty derived for each laboratory at Re = In this table, the Strouhal number is the averaged value of two test data, and U i is the expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor (k) of 2. Table 7 Calibration results reported by the participating labs (Re = ) NMI Calibration Result Strouhal no. Expanded Uncertainty (34.86 C) % VMI (29.30 C) % U i 4.2 Kinematic Viscosity and Temperature Effects The kinematic viscosity of the oils used in and VMI were, at the reference temperature of 20 C, 4.26 mm 2 /s and 1.55 mm 2 /s, respectively. The CCM.FF-K2 intercomparison shows that there is a strong correlation between the Strouhal number and the kinematic viscosity of the fluid used. Thus, the comparison results in this report were considered to be corrected for the effect of kinematic viscosity. Because the testing conditions in VMI were substantially different from the Page 10 of 20 November 2011

11 reference temperature, additional temperature effect on the meter characteristics should be considered. Therefore, NMIJ was invited to conduct a test to evaluate possible performance changes in the transfer standard due to kinematic viscosity and temperature effects. The test schedule in NMIJ was from February 5, 2010 to March 3, There are two kinds of liquid hydrocarbon used in NMIJ, kerosene (KE) and light oil (LO), so that NMIJ can conduct the test for the effect of kinematic viscosity and temperature using different oils. Table 8 lists the kinematic viscosity of both oils. Table 8 Kinematic viscosity of the oils used in NMIJ Oil Kinematic viscosity at 20 C (mm 2 /s) Kinematic viscosity at 35 C (mm 2 /s) Kerosene Light oil Figure 4 shows the test results at temperatures of 20 C and 35 C at a Reynolds number close to the cardinal point. Appendix B presents all test data. Test data of NMIJ Strouhal No Kerosene(20 ) Kerosene(35 ) Light oil(20 ) Light oil(35 ) Viscosity (mm 2 /s) Figure 4 Test results of NMIJ represented by Strouhal no. vs. kinematic viscosity NMIJ s test results show that both kinematic viscosity and temperature affect the meter performance. The Strouhal number increases with the kinematic viscosity at 20 C, but an opposite trend is observed at 35 C, suggesting that both the kinematic viscosity and temperature effects should be taken into consideration if both operated in wide ranges. However, the combined effects could not be well Page 11 of 20 November 2011

12 understood due in part to the limited information and knowledge available. Figure 5 shows the results of combining the test data of NMIJ and at both temperatures. For each set of the test data, error bars having magnitude corresponding to the claimed expanded uncertainty centered at the mean of the data set are given to facilitate comprehension. As can be seen, the regression line of Strouhal no. vs. kinematic viscosity has an estimated slope of ± The uncertainty of this slope exceeds its absolute value, indicating that the dependency of these two variables is not significant. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of these test data results in a p-value of 0.63, which is lager than 0.05, suggesting that these test results with varied viscosities and temperatures do not differ significantly. Therefore, this comparison does not make viscosity and temperature corrections. Test data at 20 and 35 line slope = ± Strouhal No Viscosity (mm 2 /s) NMIJ_KE NMIJ_LO _LO regresion line Figure 5 Test results with regression line of NMIJ and at 20 C and 35 C 4.3 Reproducibility of the Transfer Standard Observed at Figure 6 shows the averaged calibration results of the transfer standard at a flowrate corresponding to Re = during the earlier tests and after the comparison carried out in. This figure shows that the Kral meter had very stable reproducibility at the cardinal point Re = Page 12 of 20 November 2011

13 Strouha No Test at VMI 2009/6/ /6/ /7/1 2009/7/2 2009/7/8 2009/7/ /12/3 2009/12/4 Date Figure 6 Result of reproducibility test 5 ANALYSIS OF COMPARISON RESULTS 5.1 Degrees of Equivalence of VMI Relative to The degree of equivalence, d, between VMI and at Re = was calculated as follows, with U d denoting the expanded uncertainty of d. d St U d VMI U St 2 VMI U ( %) 2 ( %) The results can be expressed as percentage relative to the value. d (%) VMI d / St U d (%) VMI U d / St / % / % Calculate the En-criterion. d En U d Table 9 summarizes the results. Table 9 Strouhal number, uncertainty and En value at Re = Page 13 of 20 November 2011

14 Laboratory Strouhal no. Expanded Uncertainty (%) D as % of value VMI En participated in the CCM-WGFF key comparison (CCM.FF-K2) that took place during 2005 to 2007; however, for the test point at Re = , the operation condition of in this comparison is quite different from that in CCM-WGFF key comparison. There is not enough evidence to prove the applicability of the same difference for s data at this test point. Therefore, linkage of the results of this bilateral comparison to KCRV of CCM.FF-K2 will not be provided here. 6 CONCLUSIONS A selected transfer standard, a 4-inch Kral PD meter, was circulated between VMI and for five months starting July Repeated calibration results at demonstrate sufficient reproducibility of the transfer standard. Tests were carried out in NMIJ and to examine the kinematic viscosity and temperature effects on the meter performance. Because the combined effects of temperature and kinematic viscosity on the transfer standard at the cardinal Reynolds number were small compared to the experimental uncertainty, this comparison does not make viscosity and temperature corrections. Because of differences in the operating conditions at between this comparison and CCM.FF-K2, this report adopts the test result of as the reference value for this bilateral comparison. Comparison results showed that the En value between VMI and was less than 1, proving consistency between the two laboratories. 7 ACKNOWDGEMENT The author of this bilateral comparison project would like to thank the staff of the NMIJ hydrocarbon flow facility for testing the effects of kinematic viscosity and temperature on the transfer standard. Page 14 of 20 November 2011

15 REFERENCES 1 BIPM, Guidelines for CIPM key comparisons, R. Paton, International key comparison of liquid hydrocarbon flow facilities, CCM-FF-K2 (Final report), October M.G. Cox, The evaluation of key comparison data, Metrologia, 39, pp , BIPM, Linking the results of key comparison CCEM-K4 with the 10 pf results of EUROMET project 345, Metrologia, 39, Technical Supplement 01005, R.B. Frenkel and D.W.K. Lee, Report on bilateral comparison P1-APMP.EM.BIPM-K11.1 bilateral comparison of dc voltage, September I.C. Chen, Protocol for APMP bilateral comparison K2 hydrocarbon liquids,, Page 15 of 20 November 2011

16 APPENDIX A TABLES OF FINAL RESULTS Table A.1: 1 Pt. Temp Volume Time Flow Visc. Reynolds Pulses K-factor Strouhal No. C L s L/s mm 2 /s p/l Page 16 of 20 November 2011

17 Pt. Temp Volume Time Flow Visc. Reynolds Pulses K-factor Strouhal No. C L s L/s mm 2 /s p/l Page 17 of 20 November 2011

18 Table A.2: VMI Pt. Temp Volume Time Flow Visc. Reynolds Pulses K-factor Strouhal No. C L s L/s mm 2 /s p/l , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Page 18 of 20 November 2011

19 Table A.3: 2 Pt. Temp Volume Time Flow Visc. Reynolds Pulses K-factor Strouhal No. C L s L/s mm 2 /s p/l Page 19 of 20 November 2011

20 APPENDIX B TABLE OF TEST RESULTS IN NMIJ Pt. No. Temp C Volume L Time s Flow L/s Visc. mm 2 /s Reynolds Pulses K-factor p/l Strouhal Page 20 of 20 November 2011

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