Kinematics 1 Kinematics The study of motion without regard to what causes motion (Forces)
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1 Physics R Date: Do Now: Joey walks 4m East, then walks 3m North. How far did Joey walk? How far is Joey from where he started? (Hint: Draw a picture) Kinematics 1 Kinematics The study of motion without regard to what causes motion (Forces) Distance: Displacement: Scalar: Vector: Magnitude: 1. Starting from point A, and using the scale of 1 box = 1 meter, Ross walks 4 m West, then 7 m East. a. What is his distance traveled in meters? Make a sketch b. What is his displacement? Make a sketch using a different color pen/pencil 2. Starting from point B and using the same scale, Phoebe walks 4 m East, then 7 m West a. What is her distance traveled in meters? Make a sketch b. What is her displacement? Make a sketch using a different colored pen/pencil c. Is the displacement the same for Joey and Phoebe? 1
2 Use the same scale 1 box = 1 meter for all these problems Use a different color for distance and displacement 3. Starting from point C, Rachel walks 2 m North, 4 m East, and 2 m South. a. What is her distance? Make a sketch b. What is her displacement? Make a sketch 4. Starting from point D, Monica walks 1 m North, 12 m West, 3 m North, 11 m East, then 4 m South. a. What is her distance? Make a sketch b. What is her displacement? Make a sketch 5. Starting from point E, Joey walks 4 m East then 3 m North. a. What is his distance? Make a sketch b. What is his displacement? Make a sketch 6. Starting from point F, Chandler walks 4 m North then 4 m West. a. What is his distance? Make a sketch b. What is his displacement? Make a sketch 7. Starting from point G, Gunther walks 3 m North, then 4 m East, then 1 m South. a. What is his distance? Make a sketch b. What is his displacement? Make a sketch. 8. Starting from point H, Ben walks 4 m West, 4 m North, then 3 m East. a. What is his distance? Make a sketch b. What is his displacement? Make a sketch. 2
3 9. Three men leave the same house on foot. The first man walks 30 feet north, then 40 feet west. The second man walks 90 feet south, then 88 feet north. The third man walks 10 feet east, then 50 feet west. Which man has traveled the greatest distance? Who is farthest from the house? Who is closest to the house? 10. A student on her way to school walks four blocks east, three blocks north, and another four blocks east, as shown in the diagram. Compared to the distance she walks, the magnitude of her displacement from home to school is 1. less 2. greater 3. the same 11. A baseball player runs 27.4 meters from the batter s box to first base, overruns first base by 3.0 meters, and then returns to first base. Compared to the total distance traveled by the player, the magnitude of the player s total displacement from the batter s box is 1. 3 m shorter 2. 6 m shorter 3. 3 m longer 4. 6 m longer 12. A car is travelling continuously in a circle of radius 25 m. What is the distance travelled after 1 complete circle? What is the displacement after 1 complete circle? Speed: Speed and Velocity First equation on reference table Velocity: Average speed/velocity: Instantaneous speed/velocity: Approximately how fast is it Walking? Jet airplane Sound Cars on the highway Space Shuttle Light 3
4 What does a car s speedometer measure, speed or velocity? Explain. What does a car s odometer measure, distance or displacement? Explain 13. Ted drives 1,800 m in 2 minutes. What was his speed (in m/s)? 14. Marshall travels at 30 m/s for 3 minutes. What distance did he travel? 15. Lilly is traveling on the highway at 25 m/s. She covers a distance of 1450 m. How much time was she driving? 16. Barney drives 12 km North on the highway. He turns around and drives 2 km South. The entire trip takes 700 seconds. a. What is his distance? What is his displacement? b. What is his average speed? His average velocity? 17. A car travels 90 meters due north in 15 seconds. Then the car turns around and travels 40 meters due south in 5 seconds. a. What is the magnitude of the average velocity of the car during this 20-second interval? b. What is the average speed? 18. Using your reference table calculate how much time it takes light to reach from the Earth to the Moon. 4
5 19. A Corvette accelerates from 0 to 60 miles per hour in 4 seconds. Calculate the Corvette s acceleration in miles per hour / second. A Prius accelerates from 0 to 60 miles per hour in 10 seconds. Calculate the Prius acceleration in miles per hour / second. Acceleration is Acceleration Reference table Traveling North accelerating North: Traveling North accelerating South: A car traveling 20 m/s accelerates at 2 m/s/s Time (s) Speed (m/s) 20 Traveling South accelerating North: Traveling South accelerating South: A car traveling 20 m/s accelerates at -2 m/s/s Time (s) Speed (m/s) Calculate the acceleration of a car (in km/(hr*s)) that can go from rest to 100 km / hr in 10 seconds. 21. Calculate the time it takes for a train to accelerate from 0 to 50 km / hr if it accelerates at a rate of 5 km/hr per second. 22. Calculate the instantaneous speed of a car that accelerates at 2 m/s/s for 10 seconds, starting from rest. 23. What does from rest mean? Comes to a stop? Comes to rest? 5
6 24. A plane accelerates from rest at 8 meters per second per second for a time of 12 seconds. What is the plane s initial velocity? What is the plane s final velocity? What is the plane s average velocity? 25. An object accelerates uniformly from 3 meters per second east to 8 meters per second east in 2.0 seconds. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the object? m/s m/s m/s m/s During a 5.0-second interval, an object s velocity changes from 25 meters per second east to 15 meters per second east. Determine the magnitude and direction of the object s acceleration. 27. During a 5.0-second interval, an object s velocity changes from 25 meters per second east to 15 meters per second west. Determine the magnitude and direction of the object s acceleration. 28. A figure skater is traveling at 5 meters per second East and accelerates at 2 meters per second per second West for 4 seconds. What is her final velocity? (Magnitude and direction) 29. A car with an initial velocity of 20 m/s East accelerates at a rate of 1.7 meters per second per second East for 4 seconds. What is the car s final velocity? Generalize your answer How would you solve for the final velocity of a car? Solve in term of acceleration, initial velocity, and time Final Velocity = 6
7 Velocity (m/s) Displacement (m) Displacement (m) 30. A train accelerates at 2.7 m/s 2 for 7 seconds, and reaches a velocity of 51 m/s. What was the original speed of the train? Motion Graphs Position (or distance or displacement) vs time graph Position vs Time Time (s) 31. During which intervals is the object stopped? 32. During which interval is the object s position changing the fastest? 33. What is the object doing from 0-4 seconds? 34. From 4-8 seconds? 35. When is the object not moving? Time (s) Velocity (or speed) vs time graph 36. What is the object doing from 0-4s? What is the object doing from 4-6 s? 38. When is the object stopped? Time (s) 39. What is the object doing from 6-8 seconds? From 8-10 seconds? 40. When is the object moving fastest? 7
8 Graphing Practice Sketch displacement vs time and velocity vs time for each 41. A ball sits motionless on a table at a position 3 meters to the right of the origin. 42. A man starts at a location 5 meters north of his house. He stands there for 3 seconds then walks away from his house with a constant speed of 1 meter per second. 43. A boy starts 6 meters west of his house. He runs toward his house with a constant speed of 10 meters per second and continues running by his house for 5 seconds then stops. 44. A woman leaves her house moving north at a constant velocity of 3 meters per second. After 5 seconds she gradually slows down until at 15 seconds she has stopped. 8
9 Review Checklist Understand and explain the difference between distance and displacement. Understand and explain the difference between scalar and vector. Understand and explain the difference between speed and velocity. Use equations to determine average speed and/or velocity. 1. Scalar is to vector as (choose all that apply) a. Distance is displacement b. Displacement is to distance c. Velocity it to speed d. Speed is to velocity e. Magnitude is to direction 2. A man walks 150 m North then 250 m West in 60 seconds a. Calculate the distance he traveled. b. Calculate the magnitude of his displacement. c. Calculate his average speed d. Calculate the magnitude of his velocity 3. A bus travels 1200 m West, then turns around and travels 400 m East in 90 seconds. a. Calculate the distance it traveled. b. Calculate the displacement c. Calculate the average speed d. Calculate the velocity Explain the difference between velocity and acceleration. Use equations to determine acceleration; starting velocity; ending velocity; or time. Understand what the terms from rest ; comes to a stop ; comes to rest mean in terms of kinematics. 4. An object begins from rest and reaches a velocity of +10 meters per second while accelerating for 4.0 seconds. Determine the acceleration of the object. 5. A car moving at 2.0 meters per second speeds up at a rate of 5.0 meters per second 2 for 4.0 seconds. What is the final speed of the car? 6. An object begins with a velocity of 20 meters per second west and comes to a stop within 4.0 seconds. Determine the direction and magnitude of the acceleration that acted upon this object. 7. An object with a velocity of 6.0 meters per second north accelerates south at a rate of 5.0 meters per second 2 for 3.0 seconds. What is the final speed of the object? In which direction is the object moving after 3.0 seconds? Interpret graphs of distance or displacement vs. time. Interpret graphs of speed or velocity vs. time. 8. During what interval(s) is the object moving backwards? 9. When is the object moving fastest (forwards or backwards)? 10. When is the object not moving? 9
10 11. During which interval(s) is the object moving backwards? 12. When is the object moving fastest (forwards or backwards)? 14. Which graph would best represent: (a) speed vs. time for an unmoving object (c) speed vs. time for a decelerating object (e) velocity vs. time for an object at rest (g) speed vs time for this distance graph 13. When is the object not moving? (b) displacement vs. time for an object moving with a constant speed (d) distance vs. time for an object with increasing speed (f) displacement vs. time for an object that is moving backwards (h) velocity vs time for this displacement graph (i) distance vs time for this speed graph (j) displacement vs time for this velocity graph The first exam will also include Physics Skills. Make sure you can: Solve in terms of variables Calculate the slope of a graph Convert units by multiplying by one Estimate quantitative results to the nearest order of magnitude See the Physics Skills packet for practice problems Answers to Review Checklist 1. a,d m 292 m 6.7 m/s 4.9 m/s m 800 m West 17.8 m/s 8.9 m/s West m/s m/s 6. 5 m/s 2 East (or -5 m/s 2 West) 7. 9 m/s South s, 7-9 s s s, 5-7 s, 9-10 s, 11-14s s s s, s 14. (a) B, (b) C, (c) D, (d) E, (e) B, (f) D, (g) C, (h) B, (i) C, (j) A or B 10
11 Name: Journey to the Bus Stop Every morning Tom walks along a straight road from his home to a bus stop, a distance of 160 meters. The graph shows his journey on one particular day. Describe what may have happened. You should include details like how fast he walked. 11
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