4HVOL. Club Name: Revised by Vera Collins August 2005 available at:

Transcription

1 4HVOL Club Name: Revised by Vera Collins August 005 available at:

2 4-H Shooting Sports Basic Archery Marksmanship Training OBJECTIVES To enable the leader to effectively assist your people: 1. To develop a working knowledge of archery tackle and maintenance of that tackle.. To learn through practice the safe handling of archery equipment. 3. To develop sound basic archery shooting skills. 4. To create an awareness of the array of both competitive and non competitive archery games. INTRODUCTION Archery includes a complex set of activities, from simple backyard target shooting to formal target or field competitions, from family fun to bow hunting and bow fishing or the Olympic Games. The basic components of the marksmanship involved in each of these sports are the same, however, archery is a sport that can involve people of all ages. It does not require great strength, and it does not require great expenditures in order to participate. As such archery is excellent family recreation with a nearly infinite array of potential activities. This unit is designed to develop sound fundamental shooting skills in a beginning archer. It is based upon the principle of immediate participation and immediate success, i.e. the shooter is involved in a hands on experience which encourages reinforcement of the basic principles of marksmanship through shooting. Supplementary materials are included to assist you in preparing for instructor training workshops. Materials & facilities * Supportive Teaching Aids * American Archery Council Instructor s Manual * AAHPERD Group Instructional Manual

3 10 STEPS IN SHOOTING * Materials target butts or mats (36" size) one/3 shooters Target faces Colored adhesive dots (1" size) white paper Bows: take-down target, 15-5 pound draw weight, 56-64" AMO length; compound, pound draw weight: one each per pair of shooters (15% left handed). Sights, one per pair of bows. Arrows: 6 per student per bow, must be spined to the bows being used, assorted lengths 6" to 30" (recommended fiberglass or aluminum shafts (compounds)). Arm guard/one per shooter, finger tab/one per shooter, ground quivers/one per group of shooters, bow square, nocking points and pliers, nocks, points, adapters, and fletching cement, spare arrow rests for both right and left-handed bows, acetone or alcohol (cleaning solvent), extra vanes. Consider having for display or archery crafts session: fletching jig, string making jig, arrow components, assorted quivers, assorted arrow heads, animal targets, clout rope and flag, balloons, flu-flu arrows, etc. FACILITIES A relatively level, open area of at least 100 feet (target to firing line) and a 300 foot safety zone behind the target butts is adequate for an outdoor range without a backstop. Each firing point needs a minimum of approximately 10 feet laterally. For indoor ranges or outdoor ranges with net backstops, the depth behind the butts may be reduced, but an adequate view of the area behind the target is essential to range safety. An effective shooting range of about 45 to 90 feet is ideal for training beginning shooters.

4 PRESENTATION: APPLICATION: Establish understanding of essential elements of archery nomenclature. A. BOW: means of storing energy to propel a projectile 1. Riser A. Handle or hand grip B. Sight window C. Arrow rest D. Arrow shelf E. Arrow plate. Limbs A. Face and back B. Sting nocks C. Draw weight & how it is measured D. Hardware for compounds 1) eccentrics ) adjustments for draw weight or length Demonstrate with appropriate tackle Discuss proper weight for instruction: too heavy draw weights tend to produce extremely bad habits, therefore even adults should start with bows drawing less than 30 pounds (recurve) or 35 pounds (compound) B. ARROWS: 1. Shafts A. Materials and spine B. Length C. Signature or cresting. Fletching A. Feathers and vanes B. Placement of the index feather for shooting 3. Nocks: speed, snap-on, etc. 4. Points Emphasize the need for good quality. Stress economy in using glass or aluminum shafts. Stress safety consideration of having arrows too short & reasons for cutting them to length Illustrate nocking of arrow. Demonstrate point types & uses

5 PRESENTATION: APPLICATION: C. Protective shooting equipment 1. Arm guard. Finger protection A. tab B. glove C. other type 3. Other protective equipment D. Quivers 1. Ground quiver. Pocket or hip quiver demonstrate proper placement of protective equipment. Discuss relative merits of tabs, glove, releases, & no gloves. Discuss chest protectors, etc. Establish the dominant eye to determine handedness of the shooters A. Eye dominance determines the drawing hand for the student. **** stress the importance of shooting with the dominant eye. B. Eye dominance methods, have pairs of participants determine eye dominance. **** 1. Look at the partner s nose through a small opening created by over lapping the thumbs completely and covering the fingers of the bottom hand with those of the top hand. Keep both eyes open and move the opening toward the face. The hands should move to the dominant eye. The partner will be able to see the dominant eye in the opening when the first sighting is made. Watch for the occasional student who will attempt to force the non-dominant eye to operate. Wavering between the eyes, squinting, or closing one eye are indications of that possibility ****. A tube (e.g. a toilet paper tube) may be used in a fashion similar to that described above. **** 3. With both eyes open, have the participant point to a distant object and alternately close each eye. When the finger seems to jump away from the object the dominant eye has been closed.

6 Shooting safety with archery tackle, check out equipment & move to the range. A. Penetration and shooter responsibility B. Equipment safety and repair C. Range procedure 1. No arrow is nocked until the range officer determines that the range is safe. Shooters straddle shooting line 3. Single whistle blast or verbal command permits nocking arrows and shooting 4. Whistle blast or cease fire command indicates a dangerous situation A. immediate response B. primary task or range officer C. primary task of each shooter, coach, and observer 5. Target captain leads shooters to target to retrieve arrows D. Safety at the target butt 1. Caution walking toward butt. Single person pulling arrows (scorer & others at a safe distance) 3. Person or equipment over target when searching for arrows behind the target Familiarization with archery equipment and technique A. Bracing and unstringing the bow 1. Step through method A. danger of twisting limbs B. potential danger of standing in the middle of a mass of stressed, delaminated glass and wood C. must maintain string and limb alignment. Push-pull method A. safer to equipment B. extremely hazardous to the eyes C. must keep face away from the limb tip 3. Using a bow stringer Discuss and demonstrate step through and push-pull stringing methods. Stress risk to equipment and shooter. Demonstrate and have participants practice stringing and unstringing bows using an appropriate stringer.

7 Shooting a bow A. Similarities with other shooting systems 1. Tension/relaxation. Breath control 3. Stance 4. Aiming system a. target concentration b. sight concentration c. other aiming methods 5. Shooting dynamics 6. Follow through B. Practice development of a live release 1. Exercise without tackle C. Establish instinctive anchor point without equipment 1. One inch draw and release without arrow D. Nock arrow (watch position of index fletch and location of nock on string) E. Draw, anchor, and let down without shooting * Emphasize straight line pull of forearm*breath held during aim, release, and follow through *Mention similarity to shotgun shooting * mention similarity to rifle or pistol shooting * demonstrate back tension & release by hooking fingertips across chest at shoulder height and tightening the muscles between the shoulder blades. Have students relax finger tension while increasing the back tension to simulate a live release. Have students draw 1" (one inch) and release without an arrow on the string to feel a release. Nock an arrow using the coach-pupil method. Draw to anchor point and let down without shooting. Demonstrate proper shooting form on a bare target butt.

8 Steps to successful archery marksmanship 1. Stance a. feet about shoulder width apart b. bow-foot slightly behind a line perpendicular to the target (open stance). Nock arrow a. horizontal bow with arrow rest up b. slide arrow across shelf c. nock under single nocking point or between paired points d. index feather up (for 3-fletch only) 3. Set the hook on the drawing hand a. deep, second joint string placement using tab (distal joint hold with glove) b. arrow coming off string represents too shallow a hook or cupping hand during draw c. thumb on little finger (scout salute) to keep the hand flat Show use of thumb scout salute to keep hand flat 4. Bow hand relaxed a. open hand, like shaking hands with the bow handle b. pivot point in the web between the thumb and forefinger c. high wrist to prevent healing (cf. Low wrist position) 5. Address target a. head held erect b. bow at side and drawing hand in a place 6. Raise arms as a unit a. raise bow arm straight b. set drawing arm in direct line with the shaft of the arrow 7. Draw and anchor Discuss different anchor points: * instinctive anchor at corner of mouth (eye tooth) ** sight shooting anchor at center of chin, string touching tip of nose *** Apache anchor: point of cheekbone

9 8. Anchor and aim a. draw to anchor b. hold breath c. hold and concentrate 9. Release and follow through a. aim-hold b. tighten back muscles c. relax fingers d. let fingers flow backward along cheek or throat e. hold breath and bow arm position until arrow impacts target f. focus on aiming point and call shot Pre-gap aiming: 1. Align raised unit with the center of the base on the target butt.. Draw to anchor 3. Focus attention on the small aiming dot 4. Hold only momentarily to fix concentration 5. Release and follow through Discuss aiming methods: 1) pregap method ) instinctive method 3) gap method 4) sight method Trouble Shooting and critiquing form A. Arrow flight problems 1. Porpoising: Vertical oscillation a. nocking point too low b. downward pressure on nock from poor release. Fishtailing: horizontal oscillation a. under spined shaft b. improper arrow plate or spring plunger adjustment

10 3. Planing: arrow appears to float upward rather than taking a parabolic fight path. a. nocking point too low b. improperly placed nock 4. Diving: arrow plunges rather than taking parabolic path a. nocking point too high b. lifting the hand vertically from the string on release. 5. Erratic vertical impact a. no nocking point b. moving nocking point c. moving the hand on release Demonstrate safety in retrieving arrows. Practice the 10 steps to successful archery shooting using the coach-pupil method. Do not permit the shooter to use more than 4 arrows on any end. Trouble shoot as appropriate, correcting one fault at a time and reemphasizing the basics of good shooting form. Refer to the appropriate sections of the NAA Manual or the AAHPERD Manual for corrective measures and additional trouble shooting information B. Group placement and solving shooting problems 1. No group inconsistent shooting form a. watch student to determine points of variation b. if multiple problems are observed work on correcting one at a time. Grouping to bow hand a. over spined arrows * change to proper spine b. throwing the bow hand * concentrate on follow through c. canting the bow or body * return to nominal form d. plucking the string (i.e. drawing hand moves away from the face or neck during release) * concentrate on hand position and using back muscles to achieve live release e. wind direction or improperly aligned sight f. sighting with opposite eye (gross errors in impact) recheck eye dominance

11 3. Grouping to drawing hand a. under spined arrows * correct spine weight b. gripping riser too firmly * open, relaxed grip c. moving the anchor point toward the non-dominant eye d. wind direction or improperly aligned sight 4. Arrows grouping high a. over drawn or jerked release b. heeling bow: inadequate wrist extension c. excessive grip pressure at riser on release d. dropping bow hand on release 5. Arrows grouping low a. dead release: relaxing tension on either drawing or bow hands 1. Emphasize follow through. Emphasize back tension and drawing hand follow through b. hitting arm or clothing Shooting with sights A. Change of focus from target to sight pin B. Change of anchor from eye tooth to center of chin with string touching tip of nose (two reference points) C. Bow arm lower at the elbow to maintain straight line release D. Sight adjustment 1. Move sight toward hits (front sight adjustment). Move sight opposite direction from intended impact change 3. Count revolutions of lateral adjustment or mark vertical adjustment to reduce trail and error process Additional Activities Numerous activities can be built into an archery instruction program. Among those that are most useful and attractive to young people are string building, arrow crafting, and the tuning of their equipment. The coach should refer to the manuals mentioned at the beginning of the lesson for a starter supply of potential activities. Both formal competitive rounds and informal competition are valuable to the continued development of good archery marksmanship. Many shooting games have been listed in those manuals for your convenience. C:\Documents and Settings\Collinsv.UFAD\Desktop\4-H\# Record Bks\LDR guide basic archery.wpd