Historical Literacy Project

Transcription

1 Historical Literacy Project World War I Workshop University of Delaware February 9-10, 2007

2 Assassination of Franz Ferdinand (June 28, 1914) Young Serbian Gavrio Prinzip - assassinates the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.

3 Austria invades Serbia (July 29, 1914) Allies choose sides & a small conflict spreads.

4 Germany Invades Neutral Belgium (August 4, 1914) British reactions US reactions

5 Wilson declares neutrality (August 19, 1914) The United States must remain neutral in fact as well as in name

6 Britain Blockades Germany (January 31, 1915) British mine the North Sea and authorize the use of neutral flags on British merchant ships.

7 Germany Establishes War Zone Around Britain (February 4, 1915)

8 Thrasher Incident (March 1, 1915) German sub torpedoes British passenger ship. First passenger ship sunk during WWI. Leon Thrasher, a passenger on the Falaba, became the 1 st US citizen killed.

9 Lusitania Sunk (May 7, 1915) German sub torpedoes British passenger ship Lusitania killing 128 Americans

10 Great Migration Begins ( ) Artist Jacob Lawrence illustrates the movement of millions of African-Americans from south to Northern cities. Labor shortages opened factory jobs in the North.

11 Sussex Pledge (May 14, 1916) After U-boats torpedo the ferry boat Sussex, Germany promises to not sink passenger ships. Merchant ships would not be sunk unless contraband found and provisions made for safety of passengers and crew.

12 Germany Suspends Submarine Assaults (August 31, 1916)

13 Election of 1916 (November 7, 1916) Wilson wins re-election: He Kept Us Out of War Electoral Results Red - Democratic (Wilson) Blue = Republican (Charles Hughes)

14 Jeanette Rankin Elected to Congress (November 7, 1916) Rankin becomes the 1 st woman elected to Congress. Voted against American entrance into WWI and WWII.

15 Germany Resumes Unrestricted Submarine Warfare (Jan 31, 1917) Germany hoped to win the war with one last offensive.

16 US Breaks Off Relations with Germany (February 3, 1917) the Government of the United States can have no choice but to sever diplomatic relations with the German Empire altogether.

17 Zimmermann telegram released (March 1, 1917) German diplomat secretly offers Mexico guns, money, and its lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona if Mexico attacks the United States when Germany goes to war with the United States.

18 Russian Revolution Begins (March 8, 1917) Vladimir Lenin led the successful Bolshevik or communist revolution.

19 US military enters Mexico in pursuit of Pancho Villa (March 1916) Villa s forces attacked US citizens and soil after the US lends support to his rival in the struggle for control of Mexican government.

20 Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany (April 2, 1917) The world must be made safe for democracy.

21 A World War

22 Committee on Public Information Created (April 13, 1917) George Creel hired to influence public opinion about the war.

23 Army Intelligence Testing Begins (May 1917) Robert Yerkes leads committee that develops Army s Alpha and Beta Tests which were administered to 1.7 million US Army recruits during WWI. IQ testing becomes popular and factors into 1920 debates on immigration quotas and school placements.

24 Selective Service Act (May 18, 1917) 2.8 million Americans between ages of drafted.

25 First US Troops Arrive in France (June 26, 1917) Lafayette, we are here! French children watch the arrival of US doughboys.

26 War Revenue Act (October 13, 1917) Lowest Tax Rate Highest Tax Rate 6% 77% Graduated income tax funds 1/3 rd of US war costs.

27 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 3, 1918) Leon Trotsky Russians sign separate peace with Germany & withdraw from the war.

28 Influenza Pandemic Begins (March 11, 1918) Albert Mitchell was the first reported case at Fort Riley, Kansas. Lasted 16 months. Total dead worldwide = 25 million; US = 600,000.

29 Daylight Savings Time Introduced (March 31, 1918) Designed to conserve energy and increase productivity. Repealed after 7 months in 1919.

30 Armistice Signed (Nov 11, 1918) WWI ends

31 18 th Amendment Ratified (January 16, 1919) Prohibited the manufacture, sale, or consumption of alcoholic beverages. Era of Prohibition begins.

32 Schenck v US (March 13, 1919) The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger When a nation is at war many things that might be said in time of peace will not be endured Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes

33 Treaty of Versailles Signed (June 28, 1919) The Big 4 met in Paris to negotiate terms of a peace agreement. Lloyd George of Britain, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the U.S.

34 Wilson Submits Treaty of Versailles to US Senate (July 10, 1919) The debate erupts President Wilson Dare we reject it and break the heart of the world? Senator Henry Cabot Lodge The United States is the world's best hope, but if you fetter her in the interests and quarrels of other nations, if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her powerful good, and endanger her very existence.

35 Wilson Cancels Speaking Tour (September 25, 1919) Route of Wilson s 8,000 mile speaking tour on which he tried to rally support for the Treaty of Versailles. President collapses in Pueblo, Colorado.

36 Wilson Suffers a Stroke (October 2, 1919) Petticoat presidency begins?

37 Red Scare (January 1, 1920) A. Mitchell Palmer US Attorney General leads raids on alleged radical centers and arrests more than 6,000 suspected communists and radicals.

38 Final Defeat of Treaty of Versailles in Senate (March 19, 1920) US eventually signed a separate peace agreements with Germany, Austria, Hungary after Warren Harding takes office.

39 19 th Amendment Ratified (August 26, 1920) Women receive the right to vote.

40 Europe s New Boundaries Before WWI After WWI