Environmental Analysis Using the Optima 2100 DV ICP System

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1 FIELD APPLICATION REPORT ICP OPTICAL EMISSION Environmental Analysis Using the Optima 2100 DV ICP System Author: Paul D. Krampitz PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences 710 Bridgeport Avenue Shelton, CT Introduction Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) is ideally suited for the analysis of water. The ICP is a high-temperature, optically thin source that allows extended dynamic-range measurements on a multielement basis. The extended dynamic range allows for the analysis of ppb to percent level analytes in a single run. The multielement capability is well suited for the demands of most environmental laboratories, providing a greater level of productivity than traditional single-element determinations by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Environmental laboratories can be grouped into two main application categories; high throughput (CLP) and routine (TCLP, NPDES). The Optima 5300 DV can measure virtually as many analytical lines as needed simultaneously, with excellent sensitivity, in less than 3 minutes per sample. This kind of productivity is more than most laboratories need based on analytical requirements and sample load. Consequently, PerkinElmer offers the Optima 2100 DV ICP system as a medium-throughput option that still retains the excellent analytical performance of the Optima 5300DV. The Optima 2100 DV is perfect for laboratories running less than 200 samples a day, with each analysis requiring less than 23 lines per sample. The Optima 2100 DV is a simultaneous hybrid, allowing for simultaneous background correction, full data reprocessing, interference correction and unmatched wavelength stability. Recently, the software data acquisition algorithms have been improved in the Optima 2100 DV to allow for more rapid data acquisition and to allow the environmental user to achieve the required sensitivity in a relatively short amount of time. Contract-required detection limits can be reached for 23 analytical lines with an analysis speed of 4 minutes and 10 seconds using the Optima 2100 DV. This time does not include pre-flush and rinse times which typically will add 1 minute to the overall time per sample. The new integration scheme, temperature-controlled sample introduction system and our patented dynamic wavelength stabilization (DWS) system make the Optima 2100 an affordable, productive addition to any environmental laboratory. The following application will demonstrate the throughput and sensitivity of the Optima 2100 DV (Figure 1) for environmental use.

2 Experimental Figure 1. Optima 2100 DV ICP-OES system Figure 2. Sample introduction system of the Optima 2100 DV The sample introduction system (Figure 2) is composed of the following components: Nebulizer: Meinhard Type C1 Spray Chamber: Cyclonic Injector: Alumina, 2.0 mm i.d. This cassette-based system is adjustable and easily removable to allow for routine maintenance. The injector can also be removed individually for added maintenance flexibility. Temperature control of this sample introduction area provides added intensity stability. Table 1 contains the operating parameters optimized and utilized for this application. Table 2 contains the method parameters. Table 1. Operating Parameters Power Frequency Nebulizer Flow Plasma Flow Auxiliary Flow Pump Rate 1500 Watts MHz 0.60 L/min Argon 15 L/min Argon 0.2 L/min Argon 2.0 ml/min Sample Preparation All samples and standards were prepared using PE multielement stock solutions. The calibration was performed using a 1 ppm multielement stock solution for all elements and ppm standard for Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, K and Na. The IDLs were run using a 2% HNO 3 blank, run using two replicate measurements run seven times. QC solutions were limited to a CCB, CCV and a low level CRDL solution. No ionization buffer (i.e. cesium) was needed. 2

3 Table 2. Method Parameters Analyte High Standard Integration Scheme (ppm) Min Max Ag Al As Ba Ca Cd Co Cr Cu Fe K Li Mn Na Ni Pb Sb Se Tl V Zn

4 Results Analytical runs consisted of 21 analytical lines and two internal standard lines (yttrium, gallium) for a total of 23 lines per run. A modified CLP-type run was done to determine speed and instrument detection limits. The main purpose was to evaluate the productivity of the unit, while achieving the performance required for most environmental runs. Table 3 is a listing of the QC sample results at the end of the analysis run. Table 4 details the instrument detection limits (IDLs) achievable under the analysis conditions described above. These IDL values were calculated as 3.14 sigma. Table 3. Closing QC results (ppm) Analyte CCB CCV (TV = 1.00 ppm) Ag As Ba Cd Co Cr Cu Mn Ni Pb Sb Se Tl V Zn

5 Table 4. Instrument Detection Limits (ppb) Analyte IDL1 IDL2 IDL3 IDL4 IDL5 IDL6 IDL7 STDEV IDL, ppb Ag As Ba Cd Co Cr Cu Mn Na Ni Pb Sb Se Tl V Zn Conclusion The analysis time for each run was 4 minutes and 10 seconds, while achieving detection limits below the CRDL for each analyte. A pre-flush time of 50 seconds and a rinse of 60 seconds were used in an automated run for a 6 minutes sample-tosample time, including all rinses and pre-flush times. The Optima 2100 DV ICP-OES system has the ability to run in radial, axial or an attenuated mode for maximum flexibility and linear range capabilities. PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences 710 Bridgeport Avenue Shelton, CT USA Phone: (800) or (+1) For a complete listing of our global offices, visit /lasoffices 2004 PerkinElmer, Inc. All rights reserved. The PerkinElmer logo and design are registered trademarks of PerkinElmer, Inc. Optima is a trademark and PerkinElmer is a registered trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc. or its subsidiaries, in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks not owned by PerkinElmer, Inc. or its subsidiaries that are depicted herein are the property of their respective owners. PerkinElmer reserves the right to change this document at any time without notice and disclaims liability for editorial, pictorial or typographical errors. The data presented in this Field Application Report are not guaranteed. Actual performance and results are dependent upon the exact methodology and laboratory conditions used. This data should only be used to demonstrate the applicability of an instrument for a particular analysis and is not intended to serve as a guarantee of performance _01

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