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1 Video

2 Pearl Harbor By: Laryssa Terleckyj Emma Gibney and Maxine Felker

3 Why did the Japanese attack? The US prohibited exports of steel, iron, and aviation fuel to Japan. Japan believed the only way to solve its economic and demographic problems was to invade neighboring territories and take over their import markets. The Japanese needed to take out the American pacific navy to attack Burma, Malaya, the East Indies, and the Philippines.

4 Attack Specifics Sunday December 7, 1941 Japan targeted Hawaii s island of Oahu Battleship Row and Airfields

5 1st Wave of the Attack US detected flight on radar around 8:00 Japanese Fleet TOTAL: 6 aircraft carriers, about 400 aircrafts 20 warships - 49 bombers - 40 torpedo bombers - 51 dive bombers - 43 fighters

6 Battleship Row on Ford Island dock for US ships ~ 70 ships docked at time - 3 aircraft carriers and cruiser force out at sea on Wake Island Battleships (8) : 3 sunk, 1 capsized, all others damaged - 3 destroyers, 3 cruisers, 4 other ships sunk - other ships damaged - 2,403 Americans killed, 1,178 wounded

7 Battleships lost or Damaged - Arizona California West Virginia Oklahoma Nevada Tennessee Maryland Pennsylvania

8 Second Wave of Attack Second wave was around 8:50-54 bombers, 78 dive bombers, 36 fighters attack on Wheeler, Ford and Hickam Airfields 166 out of 231 army aircraft remained intact 54 out of 250 marine and navy planes were able to be used Japanese casualties expected to lose half of their fleet - only 29 planes and 6 submarines

9 How Much Did FDR know beforehand? Most historians believe that FDR had no idea of the attack on Pearl Harbor Revisionist historians argued that FDR knew enough to predict an attack Roosevelt neglected to inform the officials at Pearl Harbor of the incoming raid to cause an isolationist U.S to go into war against Japan

10 The argument whether FDR s foreknowledge of the attack centers in the issue of Code-breaking. Before Pearl Harbor, The U.S had unquestionably broken Japan s Diplomatic Code; Intercepting messages from the Japanese government and envoys overseas. Historians Disagree as to whether the U.S had broken the code used the the Japanese Navy.

11 Day Of Deceit: The Truth about FDR and Pearl Harbor Robert Stinnett, a journalist in the navy during the Pacific War, wrote in his 1999 book, Day of Deceit: The truth about FDR and Pearl Harbor that the U.S started breaking Japan s Naval codes in October 1940; a year before the attack of Pearl Harbor.

12 However, Stinnett's view was often Challenged. History Professor Michael Gannon stated that the U.S had only broken 10%-15% of Japanese naval codes, which was not nearly enough to make sense of any intercepted messages.

13 Still Debated There is still debate today whether or not FDR knew more than he told. Henry Clausen argued that it made little sense at a humiliation point of view "[Roosevelt] loved his ships; he loved the men who sailed in them. Never, never would he allow his battleships to be sunk and his sailors drowned,"

14 Effects of Pearl Harbor - December 8: FDR approached congress with the idea of war - December 11: congress declares war on Japan - Japanese accomplished their goal of taking out the US navy(temporarily) - The Japanese also united the divided parts of the nation over the subject of war and brought the country together as a whole.

15 Effects of Pearl Harbor - 110,000 Japanese- Americans relocated to 10 camps in Utah, Arizona, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, Arkansas, and California - The camps remained occupied until 1945

16 Bibliography Works Cited 1. DiPaolo, Brian. Pearl Harbor Attack. Issues & Controversies in American History. Infobase Publishing, 27 Jan Web. 5 Jan < infobaselearning.com/icahfullarticle.aspx?wid=16644&id=107293>. 2. Pearl Harbor and Roosevelt Controversy Theory. Issues & Controversies in American History. Infobase Publishing, 29 Jan Web. 23 Dec <http: //icah.infobaselearning.com/icahspotlight.aspx?id=111632&articleid=107293>.

17 3. Pearl Harbor Attack. American History. Ed. Paul K. Davis. ABC-CLIO, n.d. Web. 5 Jan < terms=pearl+harbor>. 4. Staff, History.com. Pearl Harbor. History.com. A+E Networks, Web. 23 Dec <