Michelle Pinelle RN, BSN, CCRN & Jamie Roney RN, BSN, CCRN Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
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1 Michelle Pinelle RN, BSN, CCRN & Jamie Roney RN, BSN, CCRN Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
2 AGREE II Tool Evaluation of Sepsis Guidelines 1. The learner will be able to discuss use of the AGREE II tool to evaluate practice guidelines 2. The learner will be able to evaluate practice guidelines to treat septic patients using AGREE II Tool
3 Appraisal of guidelines developed by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) Sepsis Resuscitation Bundle (SRB) using the AGREE II tool will show nurses how to: Summarize results and recommendations for clinical implementation and appropriateness for use in practice.
4 Severe sepsis can result in 29-50% mortality rate (Seymour et al., 2010) $17 billion to annually treat sepsis, ~ 2.5% of health care expenditure in the United States (IHI, 2012) Incidence of sepsis has risen since 1979 at a growth rate faster than the population (Kumar & Mann, 2004)
5 Sepsis identified & treated with modified SRB in < 6 hours meta-analysis Mortality Reduction 5-20% (Seymour et al., 2010) Rivers et al. (2001) early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) randomized controlled trial results Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) 16% Number Needed to Treat (NNT) 6.25 (Rivers et al., 2012) SRB use alone meta-analysis over ten years ARR 18.3% NNT 5.45 (Rivers et al., 2102)
6 Evidence Grade 1B Evidence Grade 1C Evidence Grade 1B Evidence Grade 1C Serum Lactate Measured Blood Cultures Obtained Prior to Antibiotic Administration Improve Time to Broad Spectrum Antibiotics Treat Hypotension and/or Elevated Lactate with Fluids (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2012)
7 Evidence Grade 1C Evidence Grade 1C Apply Vasopressors for Ongoing Hypotension Maintain MAP 65 mmhg Maintain Adequate Central Venous Pressure CVP 8 mmhg Evidence Grade 1C Maintain Adequate Central Venous Oxygen Saturation ScvO 2 70% (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2012)
8 AGREE II tool Appraisal of SSC Sepsis Resuscitation Bundle Allows for analysis of development methodology used to create clinical guidelines Assesses the usability, validity and reliability prior to adoption into practice Leads to a better understanding of development of the clinical recommendations within the practice guideline (AGREE II, 2010)
9 Contains 23 items organized under six domains: 1. Scope & Purpose 2. Stakeholder Involvement 3. Rigor of Development 4. Clarity of Presentation 5. Applicability 6. Editorial Independence 2 final assessment questions Scoring using 7-point Likert scale (AGREE II, 2010)
10 Allowed for scoring of the SSC SRB by 4 clinicians using a 7-point Likert scale.
11 Using a Tool to Appraise Guidelines
12 Purpose: Use to treat severe sepsis, septic shock, or lactate > 4 mmol/l to: decrease mortality progression of organ failure health care resource consumption impact on systemic inflammation Aim of Treatment: 25% mortality reduction in patients presenting to the emergency department or intensive care unit in severe sepsis or septic shock. (SSC, 2008)
13 Measure Evaluator A Evaluator B Evaluator C Evaluator D Mean Population Specifically Described Overall Objectives Described Health Questions Specifically Described Total Domain Score Scores were obtained by rating the AGREE- II items on a 7 point scale (1 = Strongly Disagree; 7 = Strongly Agree). Evaluated from the Sepsis Resuscitation Bundle. Copyright 2008 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine Surviving Sepsis Campaign.
14 Guideline Development Group: Expert panel from 27 professional organizations from around the world with a vast knowledge in sepsis (SSC, 2008) Stated Target Users of Practice Guidelines: Patients are key stakeholders & recipients of the SRB No evidence of public views & preferences were noted (SSC, 2008)
15 Measure Evaluator A Evaluator B Evaluator C Evaluator D Mean Target Users of Guideline Clearly Defined Guideline Development Group Views & Preferences of Target Population Total Domain Scores Scores were obtained by rating the AGREE- II items on a 7 point scale (1 = Strongly Disagree; 7 = Strongly Agree). Evaluated from the Sepsis Resuscitation Bundle. Copyright 2008 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine Surviving Sepsis Campaign.
16 Databases provided meta-analyses, systematic reviews, & randomized control trials (Dellinger et al., 2008) GRADE system methodology used for selecting & rating evidence (SSC, 2008) Expert opinions & evidence gathered through meta-analysis (SSC, 2008) Guideline developed by international experts from 27 professional organizations (SSC, 2008) Data collected from 165 hospitals (SSC, 2008) Periodic updating of guideline through evidence review (SSC, 2008)
17 Measure Evaluator A Evaluator B Evaluator C Evaluator D Mean PUGP SMUSE CSECD SLBECD MFRCD HBSERC ELBRSE GEREPP Total Score SMUSE = Systematic Methods Used to Search for Evidence; CSECD = Criteria for Selecting the Evidence are Clearly Described; SLBECD = Strengths and Limitations of the Body of Evidence are Clearly Described; MFRCD = Methods for Formulating Recommendations Clearly Described; HBSERC = Health Benefits, Side Effects, and Risks Considered; ELBRSE = Explicit Link Between the Recommendations and the Supporting Evidence; GEREPP = Guideline Externally Reviewed by Experts Prior to Publication; PUGP = Procedure for Updating Guideline Provided
18 The presentation makes the practice recommendations understandable and concise. Guidelines for clinicians are posted on the SSC & Institute for Healthcare Improvement websites: poster brochure smart phone application algorithm format (SSC, 2008)
19 Measure Evaluator A Evaluator B Evaluator C Evaluator D Mean Key Recommendations Easily Identifiable Recommendations Specific & Unambiguous Different Options for Management of Condition or Health Issue Clearly Presented Total Domain Score Scores were obtained by rating the AGREE- II items on a 7 point scale (1 = Strongly Disagree; 7 = Strongly Agree). Evaluated from the Sepsis Resuscitation Bundle. Copyright 2008 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine Surviving Sepsis Campaign.
20 Advice and tools for implementation: Offered through the SSC and Institute for Healthcare Improvement websites Quality improvement: Available through the Institute of Healthcare Improvement website Resource implications: The SSC (2008) reported that implementation: Decreased hospital related costs by 20% Decreased hospital length of stay by five days (SSC, 2008)
21 Measures Evaluator A Evaluator B Evaluator C Evaluator D Mean GPMAC GDFBA GPATRPP PRIARC Total Domain Score GPMAC = Guideline Presents Monitoring and/or Auditing Criteria; GDFBA = Guideline Describes Facilitators and Barriers to its Application; GPATRPP = Guideline Provides Advice and/or Tools on how the Recommendations can be Put into Practice; PRIARC = Potential Resource Implications of Applying Recommendations Considered; Scores were obtained by rating the AGREE- II items on a 7 point scale (1 = Strongly Disagree; 7 = Strongly Agree). Evaluated (all evaluators) from Sepsis Resuscitation Bundle. Copyright 2008 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine Surviving Sepsis Campaign.
22 SSC (2008) reported views of funding body have not influenced the guideline. No industry funding purportedly used. Allocation & management of grant funding described in detail on SSC website.
23 Measure Evaluator A Evaluator B Evaluator C Evaluator D Mean VFBICG CIGDGMRA Total Domain Score VFBICG = Views of Funding Body not Influenced Content of Guideline; CIGDGMRA = Competing Interests of Guideline Development Group Members Recorded and Addressed. Scores were obtained by rating the AGREE- II items on a 7 point scale (1 = Strongly Disagree; 7 = Strongly Agree). Evaluated (all evaluators) from Sepsis Resuscitation Bundle. Copyright 2008 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine Surviving Sepsis Campaign.
24 Meta-analysis examined a decade of research regarding effectiveness of SSC SRB: 146 publications including RCTs 83 research results reported between 2009 & 2012 Sample size of over 18,000 adult patients Study Limitations: Increase in awareness & compliance versus advances in technology effecting results (Rivers et al., 2012)
25 Appropriate practice guideline for incorporation into practice Demonstrated benefits of using bundled interventions for treatment of severe sepsis or septic shock: Increased survival Lowered cost to treat Decreased length of hospital stay
26 Advancing the Science of Practice Guidelines (AGREE II) (2010). Introduction to AGREE. Retrieved from: introduction0/rating-scale/ Dellinger, R. P., Levy, M. M., Schorr, C. A., Townsend, S. R. (2008). Surviving Sepsis Campaign. Retrieved from: About_the_Campaign/Pages/Committees.aspx Dellinger, R., Levy, M., Carlet, J., Bion, J., Parker, M., Jaeschke, R., &... Vincent, J. (2008). Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: Critical Care Medicine, 36(1), Kumar, A., & Mann, H. (2004). Appraisal of four novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of sepsis. American Journal Of Health- System Pharmacy, 61(8),
27 Institute for Healthcare Improvement (2012). Implement the Sepsis Resuscitation Bundle. Retrieved from: Changes/ImplementtheSepsisResuscitationBundle.aspx Melnyk, B. & Fineout-Overhold, E. (2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing and healthcare: A guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Rivers, E.P., Katranji, M., Jaehne, K.A., Brown, S., Abou Dagher, G., Cannon, C. & Coba, V. (2012). Early interventions in severe sepsis and septic shock: A review of the evidence one decade later. Minerva Anestesiologica,78(6),
28 Rivers, E., Nguyen, B., Havstad, S., Ressler, J., Muzzin, A., Knoblich, B., &... Tomlanovich, M. (2001). Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. New England Journal Of Medicine, 345(19), Seymour, C. W., Cooke, C. R., Mikkelsen, M. E., Hylton, J., Rea, T. D., Goss, C. H., &... Band, R. A. (2010). Out-of-hospital fluid in severe sepsis: Effect on early resuscitation in the emergency department. Prehospital Emergency Care, 14(2), doi: / Society of Critical Care Medicine, Surviving Sepsis Campaign. (2008). Sepsis Resuscitation Bundle. Retrieved from Bundles/Pages/default.aspx
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