CELLS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE
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1 CHAPTER 4 CELLS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE SECTION 4 1 What Is Life? (pages ) This section explains the characteristics of living things and what living things need to survive The Characteristics of Living Things (pages ) 1 What is an organism? 2 List six characteristics that all living things share a b c d e f 3 The basic unit of structure and function in an organism are 4 Is the following sentence true or false? An organism s structure is the way it is made 5 Is the following sentence true or false? An organism made of many cells is a unicellular organism 6 Circle the letter of the most abundant chemical in cells a proteins b carbohydrates c water d nucleic acids 7 Lipids and are the building materials of cells 8 Is the following sentence true or false? The cells of organisms use energy for growth and repair Science Explorer Grade 6 Guided Reading and Study Workbook 41
2 CHAPTER 4, Cells: The Building Blocks of Life (continued) 9 What is development? 10 Circle the letter of a change in an organism s surroundings that causes the organism to react a growth b response c stimulus d development 11 Give one example of an external stimulus and one example of an internal stimulus External stimulus: Internal stimulus: 12 All organisms can, or produce offspring that are similar to the parents Life Comes From Life (pages ) 13 Is the following sentence true or false? Frogs can sprout from mud in ponds 14 The idea that living things can come from nonliving sources is called 15 What did Francesco Redi show in his experiment? 16 The factor that a scientist changes in a controlled experiment is the 17 Look carefully at Exploring the Experiments of Redi and Pasteur on pages Circle the letter of the variable in Redi s experiment a meat b jars c cloth d flies 18 Is the following sentence true or false? Louis Pasteur used a controlled experiment to show that bacteria arise from spontaneous generation 42 Guided Reading and Study Workbook Science Explorer Grade 6
3 The Needs of Living Things (pages ) 19 Complete this concept map to show what living things need to survive Living Things need 20 Is the following sentence true or false? Living things use food as their energy source to carry out their life functions 21 Organisms that make their own food are called Organisms that cannot make their own food are called 22 Is the following sentence true or false? Living things can live without water for long periods of time 23 What property of water makes it vital to living things? 24 Is the following sentence true or false? Some organisms must compete with each other for space to live 25 Why must living things be able to maintain homeostasis, or stable internal conditions? Science Explorer Grade 6 Guided Reading and Study Workbook 43
4 CHAPTER 4, Cells: The Building Blocks of Life (continued) Reading Skill Practice Illustrations can help you understand what you have read Look at Exploring the Experiments of Redi and Pasteur on pages Study the diagrams showing Pasteur s experiment Use your own words to describe Pasteur s experiment Identify the variable in his experiment Do your work on a separate sheet of paper SECTION 4 2 Discovering Cells (pages ) This section describes how the invention of the microscope led to the development of a theory on cells The section also explains how a light microscope works First Sightings of Cells (pages ) 1 An instrument that makes small objects look larger is a(n) 2 Is the following sentence true or false? A compound microscope has only one lens 3 Complete the following table about the first people to observe cells The First People to Observe Cells Questions Robert Hooke Anton van Leeuwenhoek What kind of microscope did he use? What did he first look at with the microscope? What did he name what he saw? 4 Is the following sentence true or false? Theodor Schwann worked alone to develop the cell theory 44 Guided Reading and Study Workbook Science Explorer Grade 6
5 The Cell Theory (pages ) 5 List the three points of the cell theory a b c 6 Is the following sentence true or false? The cell theory is only true for living things that are small How a Light Microscope Works (pages ) 7 Is the following sentence true or false? Magnification is the ability to make things look larger than they are 8 How do the lenses of a light microscope make an object look larger? 9 In a convex lens, the of the lens is thicker than the 10 What is resolution? Electron Microscopes (page 137) 11 A microscope that uses a beam of electrons to examine a specimen is called a(n) 12 Circle the letter of the microscope that has better resolution a light microscope b electron microscope Science Explorer Grade 6 Guided Reading and Study Workbook 45
6 CHAPTER 4, Cells: The Building Blocks of Life (continued) SECTION 4 3 Looking Inside Cells (pages ) This section describes cell structure and function in plant cells, animal cells, and bacteria Introduction (pages ) 1 What are organelles? Cell Wall (page 139) 2 The rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds plant cells is the 3 Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the cell wall a Cell walls are made of cellulose b Plant cells have cell walls c Animal cells have cell walls d Water and oxygen cannot pass through the cell wall Cell Membrane (pages ) 4 Where is the cell membrane located in cells that have cell walls? 5 Is the following sentence true or false? The main function of the cell membrane is to control what comes into and out of a cell Nucleus (pages ) 6 The cell s control center, which directs all of the cell s activities, is the 46 Guided Reading and Study Workbook Science Explorer Grade 6
7 7 Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the nucleus a Materials move into the nucleus through pores in the nuclear membrane b Chromatin contains the instructions that direct the functions of a cell c The nucleolus is part of the nuclear membrane d Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus Organelles in the Cytoplasm (pages ) 8 Circle the letter of the part of the cell that is the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus a organelle b nucleus c cytoplasm d chromatin 9 In the table below, describe the function of each organelle in the cytoplasm Organelles in Cytoplasm Organelle Function Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Golgi bodies Chloroplasts Vacuoles Lysosomes Science Explorer Grade 6 Guided Reading and Study Workbook 47
8 CHAPTER 4, Cells: The Building Blocks of Life (continued) Bacterial Cells (page 145) 10 Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about bacterial cells a Bacterial cells are eukaryotes b Bacterial cells have a cell wall and a cell membrane c Bacterial cells do not have a nucleus d Bacterial cells do not have genetic material Structure and Function in Cells (page 146) 11 The structure of specialized cells enables them to perform their 12 How does the structure of nerve cells help them carry messages throughout the body? Levels of Organization (pages ) 13 List the four levels of organization in the body of a multicellular organism, starting with the smallest unit 14 The stomach, heart, and bones are examples of 15 How does the strength and hardness of bones help the skeleton perform its functions? 16 What is a population? 17 Why do many environmental scientists add population as another level of organization? 48 Guided Reading and Study Workbook Science Explorer Grade 6
9 SECTION 4 4 Introduction to Genetics (pages ) This section compares asexual and sexual reproduction It also describes how traits are passed from parents to offspring Introduction (page 149) 1 What are traits? Parents to Offspring (page 149) 2 The process by which traits pass from parents to offspring is called 3 Why do offspring resemble their parents? 4 Is the following sentence true or false? Genetic material is contained in cells 5 What is genetics? The Role of Genes in Inheritance (page 150) 6 The genetic material that carries information about an organism is 7 A section of DNA that controls a trait that an organism inherits is called a(n) Science Explorer Grade 6 Guided Reading and Study Workbook 49
10 CHAPTER 4, Cells: The Building Blocks of Life (continued) Asexual and Sexual Reproduction (page 150) 8 Complete the concept map Reproduction can be 9 Is the following sentence true or false? Asexual reproduction is a reproductive process that involves only one parent 10 The offspring of asexual reproduction have genes that are to those of the parent organism 11 In sexual reproduction, new organisms are produced by the joining of and 12 Is the following sentence true or false? Only the egg contains genetic material Sexual Reproduction and Change (page 151) 13 Is the following sentence true or false? The offspring of sexual reproduction look exactly like their parents 14 Why do organisms that reproduce sexually change from generation to generation? 50 Guided Reading and Study Workbook Science Explorer Grade 6
11 Changing Traits by Selective Breeding (pages ) 15 What is selective breeding? 16 Is the following sentence true or false? In selective breeding, the desired traits in the offspring are produced by the combination of genetic material that the offspring inherit from both of their parents 17 Give two examples of organisms produced by selective breeding a b 18 Santa Gertrudis cattle were produced through mating Brahman cattle with cattle 19 What desirable traits do Santa Gertrudis cattle have? Changing Traits in Nature (page 152) 20 Is the following sentence true or false? The changes that occur in organisms naturally over generations often help those organisms survive in their environment 21 How does a population of insects become resistant to pesticides over many generations? Science Explorer Grade 6 Guided Reading and Study Workbook 51
12 CHAPTER 4, Cells: The Building Blocks of Life (continued) Word Wise Match each definition on the left with the correct term on the right Then write the number of each term in the appropriate box below When you have filled in all the boxes, add up the numbers in each column, row, and two diagonals The sums should be the same Some terms may not be used A Acts as the cell s control center B Area between the cell membrane and the nucleus C Male sex cell D A change in an organism s surroundings E Basic unit of structure and function in living things F Organism whose cell lacks a nucleus G Make things look larger than they are H Process by which traits pass to offspring I Organism that makes its own food = 1 cytoplasm 2 stimulus 3 magnification 4 autotroph 5 prokaryote 6 cell 7 response 8 nucleus 9 sperm 10 resolution 11 heredity 12 heterotroph A B C = D E F = G H I = = = = = 52 Guided Reading and Study Workbook Science Explorer Grade 6
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