Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems
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1 REVIEW Key Concepts Unit 1 Interactions and Ecosystems 1.0 Relationships in an Ecosystem Ecosystems are where biotic and abiotic factors interact Symbiotic relationships include: Commensalism (One benefit other no effect), Mutualism (Both benefit), Parasitism (One benefits one harmed) Basic Needs include: Water, Energy, Food, Exchange of gases, Space (Habitat), Waste disposal Responsible Environmental Decision-making is made with scientific information and considers the impact such decisions have on the environment 2.0 Energy Flow Food Webs allow energy (supplied by the Sun) to flow Matter continuously moves from non-living to living and back to non-living in two cycles: Water cycle and Carbon Cycle Changes in a food web affect all living things in that ecosystem 3.0 Environmental Monitoring Ecosystems provide all needs for living things Ecosystems change because of: Human activity, Bio-Invasion, Resource competition, Predation, Weather 4.0 Sustainability in an Ecosystem Pesticides can be deadly, as they enter and move through an ecosystem Human actions can impact the local and global communities Scientific information can help in decision-making, but cannot explain everything Local environmental problems require input from many sources before a final informed decision can be made
2 1.0 Relationships in an Ecosystem Ecosystems are where biotic and abiotic factors interact Describe the difference between biotic and abiotic parts of an ecosystem Illustrate your schoolyard and identify biotic and abiotic parts of that ecosystem. Indicate the various relationships between the biotic and abiotic parts in your schoolyard (with different colored lines) and a brief description of the relationship. Explain what each of the following is and give three examples to show you understand the difference. species Examples: population Examples: community Examples:
3 Basic Needs: What are the basic needs of living organisms in order for survival? What are some things that you could do without and still have all of your basic needs met? Symbiotic relationships What is symbiosis? Commensalism (One benefit other no effect), Describe two examples of commensalism Mutualism (Both benefit), Describe two examples of mutualism Parasitism (One benefits one harmed) Describe two examples of parasitism
4 There are two different types of adaptations: behavioral and structural. Describe each with examples and explain how each type of adaptation enables an organism to survive. Behavioral Adaptations Structural Adaptations Responsible Environmental Decision-making is made with scientific information and considers the impact such decisions have on the environment Explain why the beaver population in Yoho National Park was declining. What is the difference between a dump or landfill and a sanitary landfill?
5 List the 5 basic garbage solutions we have been involved in to clean up our act. Describe some unintended consequences for discarding the plastic 6-pack pop/beer can holders in your household garbage. 2.0 Energy Flow Ecosystem Interactions Describe each of the following consumers compared to each other. Carnivores Herbivores Omnivores Producers can make their own food and supply the matter and energy they need for survival. Illustrate the food-making process of photosynthesis carried out by producers.
6 Illustrate a word equation for the process of photosynthesis. What are the two reasons that photosynthesis is important? Illustrate a word equation for the process of cellular respiration. What are the two reasons that photosynthesis is important? Describe the interaction/relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Describe the difference between scavengers and decomposers.
7 Complete the chart below identifying whether the organism is helpful or harmful and why. Scavengers Decomposers Crows Baker s yeast Magpies Mushroom Housefly larvae (maggots) Ecoli Wolverines Ecoli 0157:H7 Food Chains allow energy (supplied by the Sun) to flow Illustrate an example of a food chain (include arrows showing the flow of energy). Identify the type of organism you are illustrating (eg. producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, decomposer, etc.)
8 Illustrate the flow of energy from producer to primary consumer, to secondary consumer, to tertiary consumer, to scavenger, to decomposer. Food Webs allow energy (supplied by the Sun) to flow Illustrate a Meadow Food Web Changes in a food web affect all living things in that ecosystem What would happen if the meadow mice were poisoned and became extirpated?
9 Matter continuously moves from non-living to living and back to non-living in two cycles: Water cycle and Carbon Cycle What are the three main processes responsible for the Water Cycle? What activities or organisms add carbon to the Atmosphere? What activities or organisms take carbon out of the atmosphere? What other substance are cycled in the environment?
10 3.0 Environmental Monitoring Ecosystems provide all needs for living things How do scientists determine the distribution of organisms in an environment? Ecosystems change because of: human activity, Bio-Invasion, Resource competition, Predation, Weather Explain the ecosystem changes identified and give an example of organisms that this affects. Bioinvasion Resource Competition Predation Weather
11 Describe the difference between Primary Succession and Secondary Succession What is a pioneer species and describe the role they play in an environment (their niche)? What is a climax community? 4.0 Sustainability in an Ecosystem Pesticides can be deadly, as they enter and move through an ecosystem Explain the unintended consequences of the use of the pesticide DDT, in Borneo. Human actions can impact the local and global communities Why is DDT a banned chemical in North America?
12 What are the differences between threatened, endangered, extirpated, and extinct? Why are Pemberton potatoes special? Scientific information can help in decision-making, but cannot explain everything What does COSEWIC stand for and what does it do? Describe one of the successes of COSEWIC Local environmental problems require input from many sources before a final informed decision can be made Why are there wildlife overpasses and underpasses in Banff national Park?
13 How effective are these wildlife structures (overpasses and underpasses)? How do you determine your ecological footprint? What are some ways you can reduce your ecological footprint? What is meant by sustainable lifestyle?
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