1. Which action was necessary to change from the indirect to the direct election of United States Senators? 1.ratification of a constitutional

Transcription

1 1. Which action was necessary to change from the indirect to the direct election of United States Senators? 1.ratification of a constitutional amendment 2.passage of a Federal law 3.a Supreme Court decision 4.a national referendum

2 Correct Answer Number: 1 Explanation: Under the original provisions of the Constitution the only direct election of any Federal representative was to the House of Representatives. The Presidential system was in-direct via the Electoral College and Senators were selected by a state s legislature. Under the provisions of the 17th amendment, Senate elections became direct elections within each individual state. This had to have been done via an amendment because it was directly changing what was originally stated in the Constitution.

3 2. An important political aim of the Progressive movement was to 1.guarantee government jobs for the unemployed 2.stimulate democratic reforms such as the initiative and the referendum 3.create a unicameral national legislature 4.increase the participation of African Americans in the Federal Government

4 Correct Answer Number: 2 Explanation: Initiative is the ability of citizens to suggest legislation for consideration by a state legislature. Referendum is the passage or rejection of a proposed law by the citizens of a state in a statewide vote. Recall is the ability to recall a candidate once he or she has been elected if he/she is not fulfilling the promised duties of office.

5 3. A main purpose of President Theodore Roosevelt s trustbusting policies was to 1.reduce corruption in government 2.save the nation s banks 3.encourage competition in business 4.end strikes by labor unions

6 Correct Answer Number: 3 Explanation: Theodore Roosevelt quickly gained a reputation as a trustbuster when he began to call for the break up of many monopolistic companies. In 1901 Roosevelt s Justice Department brought a case against the Northern Securities Company (a railroad holding company) and won the breakup of the company. Another example came in 1905 against the so called beef trust in the Swift & Co. v. United States, when the group of meatpackers was found to be in violation of the 1890 Sherman Antitrust law.

7 4. During which period in United States history were the amendments concerning the income tax, direct election of Senators. Prohibition, and women s suffrage enacted? 1.Reconstruction 2.The Gilded Age 3.Progressive Era 4.New Deal

8 Correct Answer Number: 3 Explanation: The power to collect income tax was granted to Congress under the 16th amendment. In order to create a system that accounted for a citizen s ability to pay, a graduated system was enacted. Under the original provisions of the Constitution the only direct election of any Federal representative was to the House of Representatives. The Presidential system was in-direct via the Electoral College and Senators were selected by a state s legislature. Under the provisions of the 17th amendment, Senate elections became direct elections within each individual state. This had to have been done via an amendment because it was directly changing what was originally stated in the Constitution.. The women s suffrage movement gained popular support due to the efforts of women advocates like Lucrecia Mott, Elizabeth Caty Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. The woman s suffrage movement culminated with the successful passage of the 19th amendment (also known as the Anthony amendment) in 1919.

9 5. Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Robert M. LaFollette are all considered progressives because they 1.supported the formation of the first trade union 2.used Presidential power to break up strikes 3.worked to limit the power of big business 4.formed the first civil rights organizations

10 Correct Answer Number: 3 Explanation: Theodore Roosevelt quickly gained a reputation as a trustbuster when he began to call for the break up of many monopolistic companies. President Wilson pushed for passage of the progressive income tax as well as further taxation of business. Finally, Robert M. LaFollette gained notoriety as the governor of Wisconsin, during this period he passed laws regulating the railroads, regulating political lobbying, instituting civil service reforms and forcing companies to workman s compensation for workers injured on the job.

11 6. A major goal of reformers during the Progressive Era was to 1.end segregation in the South 2.correct the abuses of big business 3.limit immigration from Latin America 4.enact high tariffs to help domestic industry grow

12 Correct Answer Number: 2 Explanation: The Progressive movement was one which called for the greater regulation of businesses and the safeguarding of safety and rights for workers. Much of the reform called for was a direct response to the conditions and injustices created by the rapid, unregulated growth of the Gilded Age.

13 7. A belief shared by Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson is that the Federal Government should 1.allow the free-enterprise system to work without regulation 2.use its power to regulate unfair business practices 3.provide jobs for unemployed workers 4.support unions in labor-management disputes

14 Correct Answer Number: 2 Explanation: Theodore Roosevelt quickly gained a reputation as a trustbuster when he began to call for the break up of many monopolistic companies. President Wilson pushed for passage of the progressive income tax as well as further taxation of business. Finally, William Howard Taft pushed for passage of Mann-Elkins Bill (1910) which expanded the power of the interstate commerce commission (ICC) over the regulation of telephone and telegraph.

15 8. The purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act (1887), the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), and the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) was to 1.eliminate unfair business practices 2.reduce imports from foreign nations 3.reduce the power of the unions 4.increase the power of local governments

16 Correct Answer Number: 1 Explanation: Many people during the Gilded Age and Progressive era were frustrated with business taking advantage of workers as well as the US consumers. There was a growing call in the late 1800 s for the government to step in and regulate the economy, insuring safety and fair practices. The best examples of this can be seen in the ICC and the Sherman Antitrust Act. The passage of the Interstate Commerce Act and the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission was designed to regulate the railroads and their rates. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 banned combinations in restraint of trade or basically any monopoly that reduced competition in the marketplace, a direct response to the growth of monopolistic practices in the late 1800 s. Finally the 1914 Clayton Antitrust Act strengthened the government s ability to regulate business and outlawed noncompetitive practices such as price-fixing.

17 9. Congress has attempted to deal with the issue of taxing citizens fairly by enacting a 1.high tariff 2.property tax 3.sales tax 4.graduated income tax

18 Correct Answer Number: 4 Explanation: The power to collect income tax was granted to Congress under the 16th amendment. In order to create a system that accounted for a citizen s ability to pay, a graduated system was enacted. The graduated income tax takes a higher percentage in tax as the amount of income increases. For example, a person making $50,000 might pay 10% in tax on the first $20,000 he/she makes, then 20% on the income between $20,001 and $50,000. This would make his/her total tax payment $6,000 ($2,000 on the first 20,000 and $4,000 on the remaining 30,000).

19 10. Speaker A: "The business of America is business, and we would be wise to remember that." Speaker B:"Government ownership of business is superior to private enterprise." Speaker C:"Strict government regulation of business practices is a means to insure the public good." Speaker D:"Only through personal effort can wealth and success be achieved." Which speaker would most likely have supported the ideas of the Progressive movement? 1.Speaker A 2.Speaker B 3.Speaker C 4.Speaker D

20 Correct Answer Number: 3 Explanation: The Progressive movement was one which called for the greater regulation of businesses and the safeguarding of safety and rights for workers.