Chapter 13 Oligopoly 1
|
|
- Moris Gilmore
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 13 Oligopoly 1
2 4. Oligopoly A market structure with a small number of firms (usually big) Oligopolists know each other: Strategic interaction: actions of one firm will trigger re-actions of others Oligopolist must take these possible re-actions into account before deciding on an action Therefore No single, unified model of oligopoly exists 2
3 Stages of evolution 3
4 Market introduction and growth New technology, high uncertainty, innovators profit Product is new, no close substitutes Learning curve is steep Temporal monopoly in the market possible But high set-up costs What market is most receptive of the product? Strategic decisions about market introduction 4
5 Maturity and decline No more growth of the market Product gets more homogeneous Price (and service) get more important Price competition (oligopoly) Overcapacity ==> major ingredient for price wars 5
6 Cartel: A collusive agreement made openly and formally 6
7 Cartel Cartels act like multiplant monopolies. Profit of cartel is maximized if marginal costs among members of cartel are equalized Would mean that high-cost firms produce less Instability of cartel: incentive for members to cheat Incentive biggest for small members 7
8 Cartel as a multi-plant monopoly PRICE MC 1 MC 2 D MC Supply D MR Q 1 Q 2 TOTAL OUTPUT FIRM 1 FIRM 2 8
9 Instability of Cartel: demand curve gets much flatter (D ) We started at Price P 0 9
10 Problem 1 The Bergen Company and the Gutenberg Company are the only two firms that produce and sell a particular kind of machinery. The demand curve for their product is P = 580 3Q where P is the price of the products, and Q is the total amount demanded. The total cost function of the Bergen Company is TC B = 410 Q B. The total cost function of the Gutenberg Company is TC G = 460 Q G. a) If these two firms collude, and if they want to maximize their combined profits, how much will the Bergen Company produce? b) How much will the Gutenberg Company produce? 10
11 Solution Problem 1 a) Bergen s marginal cost is always less than Gutenberg s marginal cost. Therefore Bergen would produce all the combination s output. Setting Bergen s marginal cost equal to the marginal revenue derived from the demand function, we get: 410 = 580 6Q => QB = and QG = 0. b) If Gutenberg were to produce one unit and Bergen one unit less, it would reduce their combined profits by the difference in their marginal costs. If direct payments of output restrictions between the firms were legal, Gutenberg would accept a zero output quota. But if competition were to break out, Gutenberg would make zero profits and Bergen would earn $2,000. Thus the most Bergen would pay for Gutenberg s cooperation is $ and the least Gutenberg would accept to not produce is $
12 Price Leadership by a dominant firm One firm sets price and others follow Industry is composed of a large, dominant firm and many small firms, big firm has cost-advantage The demand curve for the dominant firm is derived by subtracting the amount supplied by the small firms at each price from the total demanded at that price Big firm can behave as a monopolist, small firms make no super-normal profits 12
13 13
14 How can a few firms compete against each other? Many different models Some simplifying assumptions: Identical product 2 firms (can easily be extended to more) Same (constant) cost functions Know the (linear) demand function Firms act simultaneously 14
15 Price Competition (= Bertrand competition) Total costs: Market demand: TC = q + 0.5q 2 i i i P= 100 q= 100 qa + qb M C i = 4 + q i WTP for first unit = 99, MC = 5 If firm A would set price at 98, firm B would set price to 97 If firms compete over prices, they would go down to marginal costs P= Q= 15
16 Example: Collusion (cartel) Calculate price, quantity and profit for a collusion in this example Add up marginal costs horizontally Q = q + q = 4+ MC 4+ MC = 8+ 2MC A B A B Q MC =
17 Cournot-Nash Duopoly Quantity (capacity) competition Taking the other s output as given, what output is optimal for firm X? Series of What if? questions necessary for each potential output of the rival you must have a potential answer Actual decision taken by assuming what rival will actually do 17
18 18
19 19
20 20
21 Finding the reaction curves Reaction curve: given the output of X, what output of Y is optimal? Of course, whatever Y does, will produce further reactions, i.e. X is not constant in general. Equilibrium only when both firms sit on their reaction curves: no surprises and no incentive to alter the behavior 21
22 Problem 2 The International Air Transport Association (IATA) has been composed of 108 U.S. and European airlines that fly transatlantic routes. For many years, IATA acted as a cartel: it fixed and enforced uniform prices. a) If IATA wanted to maximize the total profit of all member airlines, what uniform price would it charge? b) How would the total amount of traffic be allocated among the member airlines? c) Would IATA set price equal to marginal cost? Why or why not? 22
23 Solution Problem 2 a) The IATA would charge the price that clears the market at the level of output where marginal revenue equals the horizontally summed marginal cost curves of each operator in the market. b) The traffic should be allocated so that the marginal costs of all the members operating in the market would be equal and that no member not currently in the market would have a lower marginal cost. c) No, the IATA would set a price equal to marginal cost multiplied by 1/(1+1/e) where e is the elasticity of demand in the market in question. 23
24 Problem 3 In Britain price competition among bookshops has been suppressed for over 90 years by the Net Book Agreement (of 1900), which was aimed at the prevention of price wars. However, in October 1991, Waterstone and Company began cutting book prices at its 85 British shops. According to Richard Barker, Waterstone s operations director, the decision to reduce the price of about 40 titles by about 25% was due to price cuts by Dillons, Waterstone s principal rival. a) According to the president of Britain s Publishers Association, the price-cutting was an enormous pity that will damage many booksellers who operate on very slim margins. Does this mean that price-cutting of this sort is contrary to the public interest? b) Why would Dillons want to cut price? Under what circumstances would this be a good strategy? Under what circumstances would it be a mistake? 24
25 Solution Problem 3 a) No. A price war, although always an enormous pity for producers, usually is very good news for consumers. b) If demand is elastic at high prices, and if Dillons has a comparative advantage with respect to its rivals at high volumes, it may prefer a low competitive price to a high collusive one. If demand is inelastic, of if Dillons does not have a comparative advantage over its rivals at high volumes, it may be a mistake to cut prices. 25
Oligopoly: How do firms behave when there are only a few competitors? These firms produce all or most of their industry s output.
Topic 8 Chapter 13 Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition Econ 203 Topic 8 page 1 Oligopoly: How do firms behave when there are only a few competitors? These firms produce all or most of their industry
More informationMicroeconomics. Lecture Outline. Claudia Vogel. Winter Term 2009/2010. Part III Market Structure and Competitive Strategy
Microeconomics Claudia Vogel EUV Winter Term 2009/2010 Claudia Vogel (EUV) Microeconomics Winter Term 2009/2010 1 / 25 Lecture Outline Part III Market Structure and Competitive Strategy 12 Monopolistic
More informationPrice competition with homogenous products: The Bertrand duopoly model [Simultaneous move price setting duopoly]
ECON9 (Spring 0) & 350 (Tutorial ) Chapter Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly (Part ) Price competition with homogenous products: The Bertrand duopoly model [Simultaneous move price setting duopoly]
More informationOligopoly. Models of Oligopoly Behavior No single general model of oligopoly behavior exists. Oligopoly. Interdependence.
Oligopoly Chapter 16-2 Models of Oligopoly Behavior No single general model of oligopoly behavior exists. Oligopoly An oligopoly is a market structure characterized by: Few firms Either standardized or
More informationChapter 12 Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly
Chapter Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly Review Questions. What are the characteristics of a monopolistically competitive market? What happens to the equilibrium price and quantity in such a market
More informationChapter 7: Market Structures Section 3
Chapter 7: Market Structures Section 3 Objectives 1. Describe characteristics and give examples of monopolistic competition. 2. Explain how firms compete without lowering prices. 3. Understand how firms
More informationChapter 16 Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly
Chapter 16 Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly Market Structure Market structure refers to the physical characteristics of the market within which firms interact It is determined by the number of firms
More informationEco 340 Industrial Economics Market Structures: Cartels / Cooperative Oligopoly. Prof Dr. Murat Yulek
Eco 340 Industrial Economics Market Structures: Cartels / Cooperative Oligopoly Prof Dr. Murat Yulek Oligopolistic Markets and the Cartel Competitive market: firms operate independently In other markets,
More informationChapter 9 Basic Oligopoly Models
Managerial Economics & Business Strategy Chapter 9 Basic Oligopoly Models McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Overview I. Conditions for Oligopoly?
More informationOligopoly and Strategic Pricing
R.E.Marks 1998 Oligopoly 1 R.E.Marks 1998 Oligopoly Oligopoly and Strategic Pricing In this section we consider how firms compete when there are few sellers an oligopolistic market (from the Greek). Small
More informationManagerial Economics & Business Strategy Chapter 9. Basic Oligopoly Models
Managerial Economics & Business Strategy Chapter 9 Basic Oligopoly Models Overview I. Conditions for Oligopoly? II. Role of Strategic Interdependence III. Profit Maximization in Four Oligopoly Settings
More informationFigure: Computing Monopoly Profit
Name: Date: 1. Most electric, gas, and water companies are examples of: A) unregulated monopolies. B) natural monopolies. C) restricted-input monopolies. D) sunk-cost monopolies. Use the following to answer
More informationECON101 STUDY GUIDE 7 CHAPTER 14
ECON101 STUDY GUIDE 7 CHAPTER 14 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) An oligopoly firm is similar to a monopolistically competitive
More information12 Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly
12 Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly Read Pindyck and Rubinfeld (2012), Chapter 12 09/04/2015 CHAPTER 12 OUTLINE 12.1 Monopolistic Competition 12.2 Oligopoly 12.3 Price Competition 12.4 Competition
More informationEconomics II: Micro Fall 2009 Exercise session 5. Market with a sole supplier is Monopolistic.
Economics II: Micro Fall 009 Exercise session 5 VŠE 1 Review Optimal production: Independent of the level of market concentration, optimal level of production is where MR = MC. Monopoly: Market with a
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Chap 13 Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly These questions may include topics that were not covered in class and may not be on the exam. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes
More information4. Market Structures. Learning Objectives 4-63. Market Structures
1. Supply and Demand: Introduction 3 2. Supply and Demand: Consumer Demand 33 3. Supply and Demand: Company Analysis 43 4. Market Structures 63 5. Key Formulas 81 2014 Allen Resources, Inc. All rights
More informationMODULE 64: INTRODUCTION TO OLIGOPOLY Schmidty School of Economics. Wednesday, December 4, 2013 9:20:15 PM Central Standard Time
MODULE 64: INTRODUCTION TO OLIGOPOLY Schmidty School of Economics Learning Targets I Can Understand why oligopolists have an incentive to act in ways that reduce their combined profit. Explain why oligopolies
More informationEconomics 203: Intermediate Microeconomics I Lab Exercise #11. Buy Building Lease F1 = 500 F1 = 750 Firm 2 F2 = 500 F2 = 400
Page 1 March 19, 2012 Section 1: Test Your Understanding Economics 203: Intermediate Microeconomics I Lab Exercise #11 The following payoff matrix represents the long-run payoffs for two duopolists faced
More informationchapter: Oligopoly Krugman/Wells Economics 2009 Worth Publishers 1 of 35
chapter: 15 >> Oligopoly Krugman/Wells Economics 2009 Worth Publishers 1 of 35 WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS CHAPTER The meaning of oligopoly, and why it occurs Why oligopolists have an incentive to act
More informationPre-Test Chapter 23 ed17
Pre-Test Chapter 23 ed17 Multiple Choice Questions 1. The kinked-demand curve model of oligopoly: A. assumes a firm's rivals will ignore a price cut but match a price increase. B. embodies the possibility
More informationModels of Imperfect Competition
Models of Imperfect Competition Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly Models of Imperfect Competition So far, we have discussed two forms of market competition that are difficult to observe in practice Perfect
More informationMikroekonomia B by Mikolaj Czajkowski. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Mikroekonomia B by Mikolaj Czajkowski Test 12 - Oligopoly Name Group MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The market structure in which
More informationWeek 7 - Game Theory and Industrial Organisation
Week 7 - Game Theory and Industrial Organisation The Cournot and Bertrand models are the two basic templates for models of oligopoly; industry structures with a small number of firms. There are a number
More informationMarket Structure: Duopoly and Oligopoly
WSG10 7/7/03 4:24 PM Page 145 10 Market Structure: Duopoly and Oligopoly OVERVIEW An oligopoly is an industry comprising a few firms. A duopoly, which is a special case of oligopoly, is an industry consisting
More informationRules of the Game. Imagine you are an oligopolist. Divide yourselves into six groups of six to seven. Each group is a company.
Oligopoly Oligopoly A market structure in which a small number of firms compete with each other, The quantity that a firm sells depends on the firm s price and on the other firms prices and quantities
More informationChapter 7 Monopoly, Oligopoly and Strategy
Chapter 7 Monopoly, Oligopoly and Strategy After reading Chapter 7, MONOPOLY, OLIGOPOLY AND STRATEGY, you should be able to: Define the characteristics of Monopoly and Oligopoly, and explain why the are
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
MBA 640 Survey of Microeconomics Fall 2006, Quiz 6 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A monopoly is best defined as a firm that
More informationOligopoly. Oligopoly is a market structure in which the number of sellers is small.
Oligopoly Oligopoly is a market structure in which the number of sellers is small. Oligopoly requires strategic thinking, unlike perfect competition, monopoly, and monopolistic competition. Under perfect
More informationA2 Micro Business Economics Diagrams
A2 Micro Business Economics Diagrams Advice on drawing diagrams in the exam The right size for a diagram is ½ of a side of A4 don t make them too small if needed, move onto a new side of paper rather than
More informationIndustry profit in an oligopoly (sum of all firms profits) < monopoly profit.
Collusion. Industry profit in an oligopoly (sum of all firms profits) < monopoly profit. Price lower and industry output higher than in a monopoly. Firms lose because of non-cooperative behavior : Each
More informationCHAPTER 6 MARKET STRUCTURE
CHAPTER 6 MARKET STRUCTURE CHAPTER SUMMARY This chapter presents an economic analysis of market structure. It starts with perfect competition as a benchmark. Potential barriers to entry, that might limit
More informationOligopoly. Unit 4: Imperfect Competition. Unit 4: Imperfect Competition 4-4. Oligopolies FOUR MARKET MODELS
1 Unit 4: Imperfect Competition FOUR MARKET MODELS Perfect Competition Monopolistic Competition Pure Characteristics of Oligopolies: A Few Large Producers (Less than 10) Identical or Differentiated Products
More informationa. Retail market for water and sewerage services Answer: Monopolistic competition, many firms each selling differentiated products.
Chapter 16 1. In which market structure would you place each of the following products: monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition, or perfect competition? Why? a. Retail market for water and sewerage
More information13 MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION AND OLIGOPOLY. Chapter. Key Concepts
Chapter 13 MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION AND OLIGOPOLY Key Concepts Monopolistic Competition The market structure of most industries lies between the extremes of perfect competition and monopoly. Monopolistic
More informationMarket structures. 18. Oligopoly Gene Chang Univ. of Toledo. Examples. Oligopoly Market. Behavior of Oligopoly. Behavior of Oligopoly
Market structures 18. Oligopoly Gene Chang Univ. of Toledo We distinguish the market structure by examining the following characteristics in the industry: Number of firms in the industry Nature of the
More informationOLIGOPOLY. Nature of Oligopoly. What Causes Oligopoly?
CH 11: OLIGOPOLY 1 OLIGOPOLY When a few big firms dominate the market, the situation is called oligopoly. Any action of one firm will affect the performance of other firms. If one of the firms reduces
More information5. Suppose demand is perfectly elastic, and the supply of the good in question
ECON 1620 Basic Economics Principles 2010 2011 2 nd Semester Mid term test (1) : 40 multiple choice questions Time allowed : 60 minutes 1. When demand is inelastic the price elasticity of demand is (A)
More informationWhen other firms see these potential profits they will enter the industry, causing a downward shift in the demand for a given firm s product.
Characteristics of Monopolistic Competition large number of firms differentiated products (ie. substitutes) freedom of entry and exit Examples Upholstered furniture: firms; HHI* = 395 Jewelry and Silverware:
More informationINDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS COMPONENT: THE INTERACTIVE TEXTBOOK
UNIT EC407, LEVEL 2 INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS COMPONENT: THE INTERACTIVE TEXTBOOK Semester 1 1998/99 Lecturer: K. Hinde Room: 427 Northumberland Building Tel: 0191 2273936 email: kevin.hinde@unn.ac.uk Web Page:
More informationImperfect Competition. Oligopoly. Types of Imperfectly Competitive Markets. Imperfect Competition. Markets With Only a Few Sellers
Imperfect Competition Oligopoly Chapter 16 Imperfect competition refers to those market structures that fall between perfect competition and pure monopoly. Copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.
More informationChapter 16 Oligopoly. 16.1 What Is Oligopoly? 1) Describe the characteristics of an oligopoly.
Chapter 16 Oligopoly 16.1 What Is Oligopoly? 1) Describe the characteristics of an oligopoly. Answer: There are a small number of firms that act interdependently. They are tempted to form a cartel and
More informationCooleconomics.com Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly. Contents:
Cooleconomics.com Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly Contents: Monopolistic Competition Attributes Short Run performance Long run performance Excess capacity Importance of Advertising Socialist Critique
More informationPractice Questions Week 8 Day 1
Practice Questions Week 8 Day 1 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The characteristics of a market that influence the behavior of market participants
More informationCourse: Economics I. Author: Ing. Martin Pop
Course: Economics I Author: Ing. Martin Pop Contents Introduction 1. Characteristics of imperfect competition. The main causes of imperfect competition 2. Equilibrium firms in imperfect competition 3.
More informationVariable Cost. Marginal Cost. Average Variable Cost 0 $50 $50 $0 -- -- -- -- 1 $150 A B C D E F 2 G H I $120 J K L 3 M N O P Q $120 R
Class: Date: ID: A Principles Fall 2013 Midterm 3 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Trevor s Tire Company produced and sold 500 tires. The
More informationChapter 11: Price-Searcher Markets with High Entry Barriers
Chapter 11: Price-Searcher Markets with High Entry Barriers I. Why are entry barriers sometimes high? A. Economies of Scale in some markets average total costs fall over the full range of output. Therefore
More information1 Monopoly Why Monopolies Arise? Monopoly is a rm that is the sole seller of a product without close substitutes. The fundamental cause of monopoly is barriers to entry: A monopoly remains the only seller
More informationFinal Exam (Version 1) Answers
Final Exam Economics 101 Fall 2003 Wallace Final Exam (Version 1) Answers 1. The marginal revenue product equals A) total revenue divided by total product (output). B) marginal revenue divided by marginal
More informationChapter 8 Production Technology and Costs 8.1 Economic Costs and Economic Profit
Chapter 8 Production Technology and Costs 8.1 Economic Costs and Economic Profit 1) Accountants include costs as part of a firm's costs, while economists include costs. A) explicit; no explicit B) implicit;
More informationCHAPTER 11: MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION AND OLIGOPOLY
CHAPTER 11: MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION AND OLIGOPOLY Introduction While perfect competition and monopoly represent the extremes of market structures, most American firms are found in the two market structures
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Economics 103 Spring 2012: Multiple choice review questions for final exam. Exam will cover chapters on perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly up to the Nash equilibrium
More informationThe Analysis of the Article Microsoft's Aggressive New Pricing Strategy Using. Microeconomic Theory
2 The Analysis of the Article Microsoft's Aggressive New Pricing Strategy Using Microeconomic Theory I. Introduction: monopolistic power as a means of getting high profits II. The review of the article
More informationCHAPTER 12 MARKETS WITH MARKET POWER Microeconomics in Context (Goodwin, et al.), 2 nd Edition
CHAPTER 12 MARKETS WITH MARKET POWER Microeconomics in Context (Goodwin, et al.), 2 nd Edition Chapter Summary Now that you understand the model of a perfectly competitive market, this chapter complicates
More informationchapter: Solution Oligopoly 1. The accompanying table presents market share data for the U.S. breakfast cereal market
S209-S220_Krugman2e_PS_Ch15.qxp 9/16/08 9:23 PM Page S-209 Oligopoly chapter: 15 1. The accompanying table presents market share data for the U.S. breakfast cereal market in 2006. Company a. Use the data
More informationAGEC 105 Spring 2016 Homework 7. 1. Consider a monopolist that faces the demand curve given in the following table.
AGEC 105 Spring 2016 Homework 7 1. Consider a monopolist that faces the demand curve given in the following table. a. Fill in the table by calculating total revenue and marginal revenue at each price.
More informationOligopoly. Chapter 25
Chapter 25 Oligopoly We have thus far covered two extreme market structures perfect competition where a large number of small firms produce identical products, and monopoly where a single firm is isolated
More informationAll these models were characterized by constant returns to scale technologies and perfectly competitive markets.
Economies of scale and international trade In the models discussed so far, differences in prices across countries (the source of gains from trade) were attributed to differences in resources/technology.
More informationCommon in European countries government runs telephone, water, electric companies.
Public ownership Common in European countries government runs telephone, water, electric companies. US: Postal service. Because delivery of mail seems to be natural monopoly. Private ownership incentive
More informationExtreme cases. In between cases
CHAPTER 16 OLIGOPOLY FOUR TYPES OF MARKET STRUCTURE Extreme cases PERFECTLY COMPETITION Many firms No barriers to entry Identical products MONOPOLY One firm Huge barriers to entry Unique product In between
More informationOligopoly. Oligopoly. Offer similar or identical products Interdependent. How people behave in strategic situations
Oligopoly PowerPoint Slides prepared by: Andreea CHIRITESCU Eastern Illinois University 1 Oligopoly Only a few sellers Oligopoly Offer similar or identical products Interdependent Game theory How people
More informationb. Cost of Any Action is measure in foregone opportunities c.,marginal costs and benefits in decision making
1 Economics 130-Windward Community College Review Sheet for the Final Exam This final exam is comprehensive in nature and in scope. The test will be divided into two parts: a multiple-choice section and
More informationRevenue Structure, Objectives of a Firm and. Break-Even Analysis.
Revenue :The income receipt by way of sale proceeds is the revenue of the firm. As with costs, we need to study concepts of total, average and marginal revenues. Each unit of output sold in the market
More informationEquilibrium of a firm under perfect competition in the short-run. A firm is under equilibrium at that point where it maximizes its profits.
Equilibrium of a firm under perfect competition in the short-run. A firm is under equilibrium at that point where it maximizes its profits. Profit depends upon two factors Revenue Structure Cost Structure
More informationNorthern University Bangladesh
Northern University Bangladesh Managerial Economics ( MBA 5208) Session # 09 Oligopoly & Monopolistic Competition Prof. Mahmudul Alam (PMA) 23 September, 2011 (Friday) 1 1. Monopolistic Competition & Oligopoly
More informationAn increase in the number of students attending college. shifts to the left. An increase in the wage rate of refinery workers.
1. Which of the following would shift the demand curve for new textbooks to the right? a. A fall in the price of paper used in publishing texts. b. A fall in the price of equivalent used text books. c.
More informationChapter 7: Market Structures Section 1
Chapter 7: Market Structures Section 1 Key Terms perfect competition: a market structure in which a large number of firms all produce the same product and no single seller controls supply or prices commodity:
More informationCHAPTER 18 MARKETS WITH MARKET POWER Principles of Economics in Context (Goodwin et al.)
CHAPTER 18 MARKETS WITH MARKET POWER Principles of Economics in Context (Goodwin et al.) Chapter Summary Now that you understand the model of a perfectly competitive market, this chapter complicates the
More information11 PERFECT COMPETITION. Chapter. Competition
Chapter 11 PERFECT COMPETITION Competition Topic: Perfect Competition 1) Perfect competition is an industry with A) a few firms producing identical goods B) a few firms producing goods that differ somewhat
More informationOligopoly and Game Theory
Chapter 15 MODERN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS Third Edition Oligopoly and Game Theory Outline Cartels The Prisoner s Dilemma Oligopolies When Are Cartels and Oligopolies Most Successful? Government Policy
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CALICUT MICRO ECONOMICS - II
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION BA ECONOMICS III SEMESTER CORE COURSE (2011 Admission onwards) MICRO ECONOMICS - II QUESTION BANK 1. Which of the following industry is most closely approximates
More informationPricing and Output Decisions: i Perfect. Managerial Economics: Economic Tools for Today s Decision Makers, 4/e By Paul Keat and Philip Young
Chapter 9 Pricing and Output Decisions: i Perfect Competition and Monopoly M i l E i E i Managerial Economics: Economic Tools for Today s Decision Makers, 4/e By Paul Keat and Philip Young Pricing and
More informationOligopolistic models, because...
Overview Network models of spatial oligopoly with an application to deregulation of electricity generation By Benjamin F.Hobbs Operations Research, vol. 34 (3) 1986, 395-409 Heikki Lehtonen 25th February
More informationThis hand-out gives an overview of the main market structures including perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly.
Market Structures This hand-out gives an overview of the main market structures including perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. Summary Chart Perfect Competition Monopoly
More informationManagerial Economics & Business Strategy Chapter 8. Managing in Competitive, Monopolistic, and Monopolistically Competitive Markets
Managerial Economics & Business Strategy Chapter 8 Managing in Competitive, Monopolistic, and Monopolistically Competitive Markets I. Perfect Competition Overview Characteristics and profit outlook. Effect
More informationEcon 101, section 3, F06 Schroeter Exam #4, Red. Choose the single best answer for each question.
Econ 101, section 3, F06 Schroeter Exam #4, Red Choose the single best answer for each question. 1. Profit is defined as a. net revenue minus depreciation. *. total revenue minus total cost. c. average
More informationCompetition and Regulation. Lecture 2: Background on imperfect competition
Competition and Regulation Lecture 2: Background on imperfect competition Monopoly A monopolist maximizes its profits, choosing simultaneously quantity and prices, taking the Demand as a contraint; The
More informationT28 OLIGOPOLY 3/1/15
T28 OLIGOPOLY 3/1/15 1. Oligopoly is a market structure in which there are a small number of firms that engage in strategic interactions. If there are only two firms then we refer to the situation as a
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The four-firm concentration ratio equals the percentage of the value of accounted for by the four
More informationEcon 101: Principles of Microeconomics
Econ 101: Principles of Microeconomics Chapter 15 - Oligopoly Fall 2010 Herriges (ISU) Ch. 15 Oligopoly Fall 2010 1 / 25 Outline 1 Understanding Oligopolies 2 Game Theory Overcoming the Prisoner s Dilemma
More informationOligopoly and Strategic Behavior
Oligopoly and Strategic Behavior MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Like a pure monopoly, an oligopoly is characterized by: a. free entry and exit in the long run. b. free entry and exit in the short run. c. significant
More informationChapter 13 Market Structure and Competition
Chapter 13 Market Structure and Competition Solutions to Review Questions 1. Explain why, at a Cournot equilibrium with two firms, neither firm would have any regret about its output choice after it observes
More informationHow To Understand The Theory Of Economic Theory
MICROECONOMICS II. ELTE Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics Microeconomics II. MARKET THEORY AND MARKETING, PART 3 Author: Supervised by February 2011 Prepared by:, using Jack Hirshleifer,
More informationEconomics I. Decision-making Firm in Imperfect Competition
Economics I Decision-making Firm in Imperfect Competition The aim of the first lecture is to explain and analyze the markets in imperfect competition and firm behavior in imperfectly competitive environment.
More informationR&D cooperation with unit-elastic demand
R&D cooperation with unit-elastic demand Georg Götz This draft: September 005. Abstract: This paper shows that R&D cooperation leads to the monopoly outcome in terms of price and quantity if demand is
More informationINTRODUCTORY MICROECONOMICS
INTRODUCTORY MICROECONOMICS UNIT-I PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES CURVE The production possibilities (PP) curve is a graphical medium of highlighting the central problem of 'what to produce'. To decide what
More informationMarket is a network of dealings between buyers and sellers.
Market is a network of dealings between buyers and sellers. Market is the characteristic phenomenon of economic life and the constitution of markets and market prices is the central problem of Economics.
More information1. Supply and demand are the most important concepts in economics.
Page 1 1. Supply and demand are the most important concepts in economics. 2. Markets and Competition a. Market is a group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service. P. 66. b. These individuals
More informationLECTURE #15: MICROECONOMICS CHAPTER 17
LECTURE #15: MICROECONOMICS CHAPTER 17 I. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS A. Oligopoly: a market structure with a few sellers offering similar or identical products. B. Game Theory: the study of how people behave
More informationRutgers University Economics 102: Introductory Microeconomics Professor Altshuler Fall 2003
Rutgers University Economics 102: Introductory Microeconomics Professor Altshuler Fall 2003 Answers to Problem Set 11 Chapter 16 2. a. If there were many suppliers of diamonds, price would equal marginal
More informationAggressive Advertisement. Normal Advertisement Aggressive Advertisement. Normal Advertisement
Professor Scholz Posted: 11/10/2009 Economics 101, Problem Set #9, brief answers Due: 11/17/2009 Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition Please SHOW your work and, if you have room, do the assignment on
More informationPractice Multiple Choice Questions Answers are bolded. Explanations to come soon!!
Practice Multiple Choice Questions Answers are bolded. Explanations to come soon!! For more, please visit: http://courses.missouristate.edu/reedolsen/courses/eco165/qeq.htm Market Equilibrium and Applications
More informationEconomics 100 Exam 2
Name: 1. During the long run: Economics 100 Exam 2 A. Output is limited because of the law of diminishing returns B. The scale of operations cannot be changed C. The firm must decide how to use the current
More informationQE1: Economics Notes 1
QE1: Economics Notes 1 Box 1: The Household and Consumer Welfare The final basket of goods that is chosen are determined by three factors: a. Income b. Price c. Preferences Substitution Effect: change
More informationA Detailed Price Discrimination Example
A Detailed Price Discrimination Example Suppose that there are two different types of customers for a monopolist s product. Customers of type 1 have demand curves as follows. These demand curves include
More informationProfit maximization in different market structures
Profit maximization in different market structures In the cappuccino problem as well in your team project, demand is clearly downward sloping if the store wants to sell more drink, it has to lower the
More informationLesson 13 Duopoly. c 2010, 2011 Roberto Serrano and Allan M. Feldman All rights reserved Version C
Lesson 13. Duopoly 1 Lesson 13 Duopoly c 2010, 2011 Roberto Serrano and Allan M. Feldman All rights reserved Version C 1. Introduction In this lesson, we study market structures that lie between perfect
More informationPure Competition urely competitive markets are used as the benchmark to evaluate market
R. Larry Reynolds Pure Competition urely competitive markets are used as the benchmark to evaluate market P performance. It is generally believed that market structure influences the behavior and performance
More information