Evaluation of the Cluster policy in Wallonia

Transcription

1 Evaluation of the Cluster policy in Wallonia United States European Union Workshop on Clusters November 17-19, 2015 Boston, Massachusetts and Washington, D.C. Florence HENNART

2 Agenda Background elements Challenges in evaluation of clusters policies Experience so far in Wallonia Perspectives

3 Competitiveness Pole Policy : a renewed industrial policy at the core of our regional development strategy Key sectors : Aerospace, Transport and logistics, Life science and health, Agro-food, Mechanical Engineering, Green chemistry Enterprises Research units Training centers Policy mix : support to R&D&I, investment, training, internationalisation, networking & animation

4 Challenges Evolutive policy Multiple policy levers Multiple objectives Approach focused On evaluating policy delivery and results for beneficiaries Mixing data sources and approaches Collecting reliable and relevant data Limits/ complexity Multiple stakeholders Causal effects? Micro vs macro effects Timeline / Long term goals Various sectoral contexts

5 Building a coherent monitoring and evaluation system : a continuous process Monitoring data External views Evaluation results Context analysis Data about clusters members, projects, budgets Independant jury Cluster activity analysis Socio-economic indicators External evaluation Policy tools analysis European Cluster observatory / international positioning Activity and results indicators Analyzing quantitative data + Qualitative data : interviews, case studies, Cluster policy analysis Value chain analysis Government : Policy orientation

6 Exemples of used indicators Perimeter Number of cluster member, by type Employment, R&D employment Turnover Private financing of the cluster Activity Number of projects, partners, budgets, Collaboration contracts with international industrial partner Number of European projects Results and impacts Creation of enterprises, jobs Patents, licenses New commercialized products / services

7 Main external evaluation conclusions (Technopolis, 2014) Relevance of the policy and effectiveness of the processes, notably in a smart specialization perspective Synergies with broader ecosystem to develop Positive effects on networking, cross-sector collaboration, R&D, international activities and SME involvement behavioral innovation effects on SMEs Some positive results in meeting training needs Enhanced focus needed on commercialization of results. Projects too focused on R&D, growth and jobs impacts still to be demonstrated. Risk of drying up of projects Monitoring system to improve for a more strategic piloting of the policy

8 Policy implications Cluster policy will be pursued as core axis of our regional development strategy / smart specialization strategy Improving coherence of policy mix synergies with other policy tools Synergies with European programs Stronger focus on commercialization and industrial projects. Link with financial instruments. Stronger focus on cross-cluster collaboration, innovation and entrepreneurial dynamics within the Clusters New policy focuses : creativity, business innovation, ICT, circular economy & resource efficiency New information system in development Exploring value chains analysis

9 International positioning of clusters : Indicator of regional potential European Cluster observatory (1) Size Specialisation Focus Regional Innovation scoreboard Export International Cluster Competitiveness Project, HBS Geographical concentration Regional innovation Index Employment weighted by share of export Gini Index To be explored : updating analysis with European Cluster Observatory (2) data

10 Wallonia posi*oning among 192 EU Regions Sector Poten)al Dimension Rank Stars Pharmaceu*cals 0,97 Global 8 2 Heavy Machinery 0,75 Global voca*on 21 1 Aerospace 0,67 European 30 1 Building fixtures, equipment and services 0,66 European 60 0 Business services 1,01 European 50 1 Chemical products 0,74 European 22 1 Construc5on 0,95 European 34 1 Educa5on and knowledge crea5on 0,82 Européen 31 1 Entertainment 0,64 European 39 0 Metal manufacturing 0,92 European 31 1 Plas*cs 0,59 European 53 0 Telecom 0,63 European 67 0 Transporta*on and logis*cs 0,86 European 48 1 Agricultural products 0,57 Regional 72 0 Distribu5on 0,59 Regional 73 0 Financial services 0,77 Regional 80 1 Media and publishing 0,57 Regional Paper products 0,55 Regional 94 0 Processed food 0,84 Regional 50 0 Produc*on technology 0,62 Regional 61 0 Automo5ve 0, Tourism and hospitality 0,

11 The way forward in monitoring and evaluation : developping an appropriate information system Database mixing monitoring data with official data (entreprises) More reliable information Reducing administrative burden Basis for improved policy piloting And for more accurate quantitative evaluation methods? Causal analysis, link with macro-economic evolutions? Transcend sector boundaries?

12 The way forward in monitoring and evaluation : value chains analysis 2012 Analysis of industrial value chains in Wallonia (IDEA Consult) New methodology building on regional Input/Output data Transversal analysis + sector case studies 2014 Exploring cross-sector linkages between creative and cultural industries and traditional industry sectors I/O analysis + quantitative and qualitative analysis in Clusters 2015 Case study on pharmaceutical sector I/O methodology + macro/micro data European Cluster Observatory analysis of Biopharmaceuticals Analyzing evolution in value chains in Wallonia Developing new sector studies in linkage with cluster strategies Use of European Cluster observatory

13 Value Chain indicators Performance indicators Direct GVA rate Indirect GVA rate Total direct plus indirect GVA rate Backwards linkages indicators Index of relative dependence on intra-industry inputs Index of relative dependence on intra-region, intra-industry inputs Index of relative dependence on extra-regional market services Index of relative dependence on intra-regional market services Index of relative dependence on market services Index of relative dependence on high-technology inputs Index of relative dependence on knowledge intensive services Index of relative dependence on high-technology and knowledge intensive services Index of relative average GVA rate of intra-regional inputs Internationalisation indicators Index of relative dependence on international imports Index of relative dependence on international exports Index of relative international exposure Forward linkages indicators Index of relative orientation to intra-regional intermediate consumption Index of relative orientation of intra-regional demand to intermediate consumption Index of relative orientation to medium-high and hightechnology intra-regional demand Index of relative orientation to knowledge intensive intraregional market demand Index of relative orientation to technology and knowledge intensive intra-regional market demand Index of relative average GVA rate of intra-regional market demand (branches)

14 Thanks for your attention!