STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CELL MATCHING: Write the correct letter in the blank before each numbered term.
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1 REVIEW SHEET FOR CELLS TEST List of Terms that You Need To Know: Prokaryotic -- Eukaryotic -- Organelle Nucleus -- Nucleolus -- Cytoplasm Cell Membrane -- Mitochondria -- Ribosome Smooth and Rough ER -- Golgi Apparatus -- Lysosome Cytoskeleton -- Centriole -- Cilia Flagella -- Chloroplast -- Cell Wall Vacuole -- Passive Transport -- Active Transport Diffusion -- Osmosis -- Hypertonic Hypotonic -- Isotonic -- Sodium/Potassium Pumps Endocytosis -- Exocytosis -- Mitosis IPMAT -- Cytokinesis -- Cell Plate Chromosome -- Sister Chromatids -- Autosomal Chromosomes Sex Chromosomes -- Karyotype Gametes -- Homologous Pair Haploid -- Diploid -- Cancer How Cancer Cells Differ From Normal Cells -- Causes of Cancer Tumor -- Benign -- Malignant Metastasis -- Biopsy -- Radiation Therapy Chemotherapy -- Meiosis Organic -- Carbon Macromolecules -- Carbohydrates Monosaccharides -- Disaccharides -- Polysaccharides Lipids -- Saturated Fats -- Unsaturated Fats Proteins -- Amino Acids -- Carboxyl group Amino group -- R-group -- Nucleic Acids Keep in mind! This is just a BASIC list of new terms. Just knowing the definition of each is NOT enough. You need to know how these relate to each other and more specific details about each idea. The notes give you the detail you need to know for the exam. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CELL MATCHING: Write the correct letter in the blank before each numbered term. 1. mitochondria 2. endoplasmic reticulum 3. cell membrane 4. ribosome 5. cell 6. Golgi apparatus 7. nucleus 8. lysosome 9. chloroplast a. stores DNA b. digests molecules, old organelles, etc. c. site of protein synthesis d. transport system within the cell e. prepares proteins for export out of the cell f. regulates movement of substances into and out of cell g. makes ATP (cellular energy) from oxygen and glucose h. makes glucose from light, carbon dioxide, and water i. the basic unit of life
2 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CELL MULTIPLE CHOICE 10. What organelle would you expect to find a lot more of in muscles perhaps compared to other body tissues, since they perform a lot of work for the body? a. vacuoles b. mitochondria c. lysosomes d. nucleus 11. Short, hairlike organelles that can move and may cover a unicellular organism or line the respiratory tract are called a. chromatin strands. c. cilia. b. flagella. d. spindle fibers. 12. During diffusion, a. materials move from high to low concentration. b. materials move from low to high concentration. c. materials do not move at all. d. All of the above 13. If the molecular concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space, the substance a. has a large concentration gradient. c. will undergo diffusion. b. is in equilibrium. d. will undergo osmosis. 14. Movement of water across a cell membrane occurs a. from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution. b. from a hypertonic solution to a hypotonic solution. c. from an isotonic solution to another isotonic solution. d. through gated water channels. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CELL SHORT ANSWER 15. When is active transport necessary (two circumstances)? 16. The diagram below depicts a plant cell. Write the names of structures a e in the blanks. Which of these structures are found in plants but not in animals?
3 17. The diagram below depicts an animal cell. Write in the names of the structures CELL REPRODUCTION MATCHING - Write the correct letter in the blank space before each numbered term. 1. Haploid 2. prophase 3. asexual reproduction 4. interphase 5. meiosis 6. anaphase a. the phase of mitosis during which chromosomes move to opposite poles b. the time between cell divisions; normal cell activities c. creation of sex cells d. cells with half the normal chromosome numbers e. phase of mitosis when nucleus starts to break down f. the production of offspring from one parent
4 CELL REPRODUCTION MULTIPLE CHOICE 7. If an organism has 12 chromosomes in each body cell, how many chromosomes would you expect to find in the organism s gametes? a. 4 b. 6 c. 10 d During which phase of meiosis do chromosomes line up side by side in pairs in the center of the cell? a. metaphase I b. telophase I c. metaphase II d. anaphase II 9. The division of the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell is called a. mitosis. b. binary fission. c. cytokinesis. d. cytoplasmic streaming. 10. Spermatogenesis (the formation of sperm) results in a. four haploid cells. b. one large haploid cell and three small, non-used cells c. four diploid cells. d. two sperm cells and two small, non-used cells. 11. The end product of mitosis is a. two cells with half the chromosomes of the original cell. b. two cells with twice as many chromosomes as the original cell had. c. a new cell with an identical copy of the original cell s chromosome. d. a new cell with an independent assortment of the original cell s chromosomes. 12. What structure not found in animal cells forms along the midline of a dividing plant cell? a. cleavage furrow b. chloroplast c. cell plate d. kinetochore CELL REPRODUCTION SHORT ANSWER 13. List two ways that meiosis differs from mitosis. List two similarities. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS. Follow the directions given below. 14. The diagrams below depict stages of cell reproduction. Identify the stages by writing the correct term in each blank. Indicate the correct sequence of the phases by writing a number next to the name of the phase. Then answer the question. g. What type of cell division is depicted here? -- MITOSIS or MEIOSIS. Explain.
5 MORE PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1) You have eggs made up of 15% salt and 85% water. You put egg A into a beaker of distilled water. You put egg B into a beaker of 22% salt solution. You put egg C into a beaker of 15% salt solution. a. Is the solution that egg A sits in hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic? Why? b. Is the solution that egg B sits in hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic? Why? c. Is the solution that egg C sits in hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic? Why? d. Which way will the water flow in the situation with egg A? e. Which way will the water flow in the situation with egg B? f. Which way will the water flow in the situation with egg C? 2) What are the differences between plant cells and animal cells in terms of their structure? 3) Which cell parts are not functioning properly for each situation? a. Ebola virus causes liquids to ooze out of you. This is because the barrier to keep liquids in is weakened. b. Brown plants do not have these parts functioning properly c. Ed is hyperactive. He has too much energy being made by his cells and he doesn t know what to do with it d. Julia s skin is incredibly squishy and weak. This is because she has no internal support for her cells 4) What is the difference between active and passive transport?
6 5) Describe the structural differences between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell: What type of creature would have a prokaryotic cell? What type of creature would have a eukaryotic cell? 6) Cancer is a disease that results when the regular cycle of is altered. 7) Give 4 ways that cancer cells are different either physically or behaviorally from normal cells of the body. 8) List 3 things that could increase your chances of getting cancer: 9) Which cell division phase do cancer cells do spend as much time in compared to normal cells? 10) What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumor? 11) If metastasis has occurred in the body, what type of tumor is likely in your body? 12) What procedure is used by physicians to sample cells of a tumor to determine if it is cancerous or not?: 13) If you have a cancer, name and describe 3 ways doctors could treat it:
7 14) What are the 4 major macromolecules of the human body?: 15) If a molecule is considered organic, it must contain the element of. 16) For each picture, identify what type of macromolecule it is:
8 17) Describe the difference in structure of a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid: 18) What are the 3 components to all types of nucleic acids? : 19) Draw out the general structure of an amino acid. For each branch of the amino acid from the main carbon atom, circle what is part of each branch and the name given for that part: 20) Describe how a monosaccharide, a dissacharide, and polysaccharide look different in structure. What is the defining feature of each one compared to each other?: 21) Given a description of a macromolecule, tell me if it fits the description of a lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, or protein: Has a long chain of only carbon and hydrogen: Is a ringed structure of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen: Has a phosphate group in it: Has a nitrogen bonded with 2-3 hydrogens off a carbon atom: The 2 types that have carboxyl groups: Is used in genetic molecules: Used for quick energy: Fits the general formula of CH 2 O: Contains a nitrogen based group with a sugar: Could be saturated or unsaturated: Made by stringing together many amino acids:
9 22) Here is a karyotype for an unknown organism: a) What is the diploid number of this organism: b) What is the haploid number of this organism: c) How many chromosomes would be in the gamete of this species?: d) What is the 2n number of this organism?: e) How many autosomal chromosomes does the species have? f) How many sex chromosomes does the species have? g) What is the n number for this organism?: h) Is this a male or a female?: i) What is the haploid number for humans?: j) What is the diploid number for humans?: 23) What is the difference between an autosomal chromosome and a sex chromosome? 24) What does a single non-duplicated chromosome look like?: What does a single duplicated chromosome look like? What is each duplicated piece of a single duplicated chromosome called: What is the pair of the same number chromosome called (a pair of chromosomes one from mother and one from father)?:
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