RPF-II (Mustard ) Part-I: General Information

Transcription

1 RPF-II (Mustard ) Part-I: General Information 600 Project Code : 6001 Institute Project Code No. : 6002 ICAR Project Code No. : 601 Name of the Institute and Division : National Centre for Integrated Pest Management 6011 Name and address of Institute : National Centre for Integrated Pest Management Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, IARI Campus, Pusa, New Delhi Name of Division/Section : OilseedGroup 6013 Location of the Project : 1. National Centre for Integrated Pest Management Lal Bahadur Shastri Building, IARI Campus, Pusa, New Delhi (Lead Centre) 2. ARS Navgaon, Alwar (Rajasthan) (Co-operating centre) 602 Project Title : Large scale validation and implementation of IPM technology in Mustard. 603 Priority Area : Applied research 6031 Research Approach : Applied Research / Transfer of or Techno. Applied research 604 Specific Area : IPM trial in Mustard 605 Duration of Project : Two years 6051 Date of start of project : July Likely date of completion of Project: June Period for which report submitted : Total cost of the project : Rs Lakhs 6061 Expenditure to date : As per RPF1 1

2 607 Summary Achievements : Large scale validation trial in 70 ha of area comprising 5 villages and 39 farmers was carried out for the second consecutive year during crop season Major IPM practices were seed treatment with T. seed, use of recommended variety (T-59), need base application of fungicides and pesticides on the occurrence of disease and pest and mechanical removal of aphid infested twigs from the fields. Sowing of the crop was carried out from 1 st -25 th Oct Data regarding pest incidence were taken throughout the crop period. Data on yield were also taken and these are being analyzed and will be presented in final report. Impact studies were conducted to find out the sustainability of IPM technology. There are around 100 farmers in the village who grow mustard in rabi season and mustard crop is spread in 160 ha area. In this village 95 % farmers had sown mustard crop in between 15 th to 25 th Oct., 09, the remaining farmers could not sown during this time due to non-availability of irrigated water. In this villages, 70 % farmers had sown the mustard crop after doing seed treatment with Trichoderma 10 gm/kg seed. Remaining farmers were also intended to do seed treatment with Trichoderma viride but could not get Trichoderma viride. 2-3 per cent farmers also did handpicking of aphid infected twig from border of the field. 608 Key Words : Mustard, Groundnut, IPM, Cultural Practices, Socio-economic analysis Part-II: Investigator Profile Sub Project (a) (Please identify clearly changes, if any in Project personnel) 610 Principal Investigator : 6101 Name : Dr (Mrs.) Saroj Singh 6102 Designation : Principal Scientist 6103 Division/Section : Plant Pathology 6104 Location : NCIPM, New Delhi 6105 Institute Address : LBS Bldg., IARI Campus, New Delhi Co-investigator: 6111 Name : Dr Surender Kumar Singh 6112 Designation : Senior Scientist 6113 Division/Section : Entomology 6105 Location: : NCIPM, New Delhi 6115 Institute Address : LBS Bldg., IARI Campus, New Delhi

3 612 Co-investigator : 6121 Name : Dr. M. S. Yadav 6122 Designation : Senior Scientist 6123 Division/Section : Plant Pathology 6124 Location : NCIPM, New Delhi 6125 Institute Address : LBS Bldg., IARI Campus, New Delhi Co-investigator : 6131 Name : Sh. Niranjan Singh 6132 Designation : Scientist 6133 Division/Section : Computer Science 6134 Location : NCIPM, New Delhi 6135 Institute Address : LBS Bldg., IARI Campus, New Delhi Co-investigator : 6141 Name : Dr. Nasim Ahmad 6142 Designation : Technical Officer 6143 Division/Section : Plant Pathology 6144 Location : NCIPM, New Delhi 6145 Institute Address : LBS Bldg., IARI Campus, New Delhi Co-investigator : 6141 Name : Sh. P.V. Verma 6142 Designation : Technical Officer 6143 Division/Section : Economics 6144 Location : NCIPM, New Delhi 6145 Institute Address : LBS Bldg., IARI Campus, New Delhi IPM trial for Mustard Crop at ARS (RAU), Navgaon (Alwar) 616 Co-investigator: 6161 Name : Dr Shailesh Godika 6162 Designation : Associate Plant Pathologist 6163 Division/Section : Plant Pathology 6164 Location: : ARS, Navgaon (Alwar) 6165 Institute Address : ARS (RAU), Navgaon (Alwar) 617 Co-investigator: 6171 Name : Dr A. K. Pathak 6172 Designation : Assistant Professor (SG) 6173 Division/Section : Nematology 6174 Location: : ARS, Navgaon (Alwar) 6175 Institute Address : ARS (RAU), Navgaon (Alwar 3

4 Part-III: Technical Details 620 Introduction and Objectives: Oilseed crops are gaining great importance in the country owing to the increase in demands. India is the third largest oil economy in the world next to United States of America and China, harvesting 22 million tones of various oilseeds against the world production of 250 million tones. In India, major oilseed crops namely groundnut, rapeseed-mustard, castor, soybean, sesame and linseed being grown over 20 million hectares of land. In spite of this, the country's position in the vegetable oil front has been steadily deteriorating since mid 1970s forcing the country to resort to sizable import of vegetable oils every year at the huge cost of foreign exchange. Our country was forced to resort to sizeable and recurrent imports of vegetable oils every year at a huge cost to the exchequer ( = Rs.1060 crores) (Singh and Kumar, 2001). The important factors causing low and fluctuating production of oilseeds in India are cultivation of these crops mostly on marginal and sub-marginal lands of poor fertility, grown mostly as rainfed (80% area is in dry lands), low yields potential of most of the varieties, lack of varieties suited to mixed or intercropping, inadequate availability of quality seeds of improved varieties, low or non adoption of package of improved production technology, susceptibility of most oilseed varieties to pest and diseases, lower or non adoption of pest and disease management practices, fluctuation in prices and remunerative prices etc. Besides this, oilseed crops are attacked by an array of insect pests and diseases, which cause enormous losses. The losses vary in each crop. On an average 40% losses occur due to pests and diseases. But on a world wide basis, the loss in major oilseed crops comes to 10% by insect pests, 8% by diseases, 8% by weeds and 5% by plant-parasitic nematodes (Jayraj, 1993). Total dependence on chemical control approaches has aggravated the pest s problems in oilseed crops. In the present context, the viable approach to save rapeseed-mustard and groundnut crops from the ravages of pests (insect pests and diseases), is Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practice. IPM is a system approach, which is not only eco-friendly but also, sustainable to the crop produce. Therefore, looking into efforts already made and the present day demand IPM approach has been identified for rapeseed-mustard and groundnut crops Integrated pest Management in mustard Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] is one of the major oilseed crops cultivated in India and around the world. Out of thousand tones of rapeseed-mustard seed produced over thousand ha in the world (FAO, 2003), India produces 3970 thousand tones from 4400 thousand ha (GOI, 2003). Despite considerable increase in the productivity and production under Technology Mission, huge amount of money is spent on the import of edible oil. A wide gap exists between the potential yield and the yield realized at the farmer s field, which is largely because of number of biotic and abiotic stresses to which the rapeseed-mustard crop is exposed. Among the biotic stresses, Alternaria blight disease caused by Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. has been reported from all the continents of the world and is one among the important diseases of Indian mustard causing up to 47% yield losses (Kolte, 1985) with no proven source of transferable resistance against the disease reported till date in any of the hosts. Alternaria brassicae is a pathogen of many cruciferous plant species and commonly causes black-spot diseases on Brassica species. 4

5 White rust caused by Albugo candida (Pers. Ex Fr.) Kuntz. can also result in yield loss up to 47% (Kolte, 1985) with each per cent of disease severity and staghead formation causing reduction in seed yield of about 82 kg/ ha and 22 kg/ ha respectively (Meena et al., 2002). Sclerotinia rot of mustard has become important in recent times in India and elsewhere with high disease incidence and severe yield losses leading to discouragement among the growers of the crop. Rot of mustard caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary has become important in recent times in India and elsewhere with high (up to 66%) disease incidence and severe yield losses (up to 39.9%) leading to discouragement of farmers growing the crop (Chattopadhyay et al., 2003). In recent years, an increasing consciousness about environmental pollution due to pesticides (Chengappa, 1989), rise in consumption of fungicides alone in India having multiplied by more than ten folds from 2067 t in 1971 to t in (GOI, 1999) and development of fungicide resistant strains in plant pathogens (Annette Penaud et al., 2003) has challenged plant pathologists to search for ecofriendly disease management tools that include the IPM component of host resistance, biocontrol based disease and insect pest management that is based on epidemiological findings, etc. Management of Sclerotinia rot Sclerotinia is difficult to control due to the wide range of host plants it can infect and its ability to survive in the soil as sclerotia for long periods. 1. Cultural practices will reduce but not completely control Sclerotinia. Plant crops into well-drained soil. Rotate with disease tolerant or non-susceptible vegetable crops such as beets, spinach, onions, sweet corn, cereals or grasses for two to four years. Control broad-leaved cruciferous weeds such as wild mustard, stinkweed and shepherd s purse that may be alternative hosts. Maintain a uniform well-spaced plant density to allow for air movement throughout the crop Avoid irrigation where extended periods of high humidity may occur. Irrigate early in the day, allowing plants to dry before the end of the day. Keep the top of the soil as dry as possible as the crop matures. Avoid harvesting Sclerotinia with the crop or seed. Check for cleanliness prior to storage. Cooling the crop quickly after harvest and storing at the lowest safe temperature will slow the growth and spread of Sclerotinia in the harvested crop. Remove crop residue from field after harvest. Maintain uniform, low storage temperatures. Produce brought into storage can be washed with household bleach (15 ml sodium hypochlorite and 36.3 L water = 25 ppm). Avoid contact between vegetables and wet soil if possible i.e: use of mulches. 2. Botanicals: seed treatment and foliar spray with 2% garlic extract 5

6 Management of Orobanche Presently, no effective herbicidal control measure is available due to intimate relationship the weed has with the host. But some procedures and precautions that farmers can follow to prevent the movement of orobanche seed from infested to non-infested sites are: prevent orobanche plants from producing viable seeds, clean farm equipment and tools to ensure that they are free from contaminated soil before transporting them to a non-infested field and planting crop seeds that have been harvested from non-infested fields. Otherwise like a small fire, small infestation will grow, reproduce profusely and spread exponentially to unmanageable and devastating proportion. Origin of the project: Mustard and groundnut being the major crops of Rajasthan and Gujarat state respectively. These crops are incurred by serious losses by insect pests and diseases. Therefore, this area has been selected for IPM trial in mustard and groundnut crops. Definition of Problem: The project is aimed to synthesise and validate the IPM module in the mustard and groundnut crops. This will be based on the data generated and strategies proposed by different research workers and organizations working on these crops. An IPM module will be synthesized and will be validated at ARS Navgaon, Alwar for mustard and ARS, Sriganganagar with emphasis on biological agents and biopesticides. The modules will be compared with the recommended practices and also with the farmers own practices Immediate objectives: To synthesize locality specific, Eco-friendly IPM module for mustard and groundnut crop. To develop a web-based decision support system for Mustard and Groundnut pest management. To carry out benchmark survey to cover socio-economic aspect, resource management practices including pest (insect, disease and weed) control with special reference to IPM. Impact Assessment of adopted IPM technology. Analysis of pesticide residue in oilseeds crops Long term objectives: To synthesize locality specific, Eco-friendly IPM module for mustard and groundnut crop. To develop a web-based decision support system for Mustard and Groundnut pest management. To carry out benchmark survey to cover socio-economic aspect, resource management practices including pest (insect, disease and weed) control with special reference to IPM. Impact Assessment of adopted IPM technology. Analysis of pesticide residue in oilseeds crops. 6

7 6203 Specific objectives for the year as detailed in RPF-I : Activity Year 1. Large scale IPM validation trial in mustard at Farmers Field (Second Year) Development of database for mustard crop. 3. Impact assessment of IPM technology. 621 Project Technical Profile : Technical Programme (Indicate briefly plan of procedure, techniques, instruments and special materials, organisms, special environment etc.) 6211 Man month s involvement of component Project workers for the specified year. Name Dr. (Mrs.) Saroj Singh Dr. Surender Kumar Singh Sh. Niranjan Singh Dr. Nasim Ahmad Sh. P.V. Verma

8 622 Progress of work 6221Achievements in terms of targets fixed for each Activity 6222 Activity Achievement 1. Large scale IPM validation trial in mustard at Farmers Field (Second Year). Large scale validation trial in 70 ha of area comprising 5 villages and 39 farmers was carried out. Major IPM practices were Seed Treatment with T. viride (@10g/Kg seed) Date of Sowing : October, 2009 Use of recommended variety (T-59) Need base application of fungicides and pesticides on the occurrence of disease and pest. Mechanical removal of aphid infested twigs from the field. Data regarding pest incidence and yield are being analyzed and will be presented in final report 2. Development of database for mustard crop. Development of data base is in progress and that will be completed before the completion of project 3. Impact assessment of IPM technology. During Rabi , impact studies were conducted to find out the sustainability of the IPM technology. There are around 100 farmers in the village who grow mustard in rabi season and mustard crop is spread in 160 ha area. In this village 95 % farmers has sown mustard crop between period 15 th to 25 th Oct., 09, the remaining farmers could not sown during this time due to un-availability of irrigated water. In this villages, 70 % farmers had sown the mustard crop after doing seed treatment with Trichoderma 10 gm/kg seed. Remaining farmers were unable to do the seed treatment with Trichoderma viride as they could not get Trichoderma viride. 2-3 per cent farmers also do handpicking of aphid infected twig from border of the field. 8

9 6223 Questions- Answered: The chemical pesticide load on these oilseed crops will be reduced by the implementation of IPM technology 6224 Process/Product/Technology/Developed during the year: Development of the ecofriendly IPM technologies for mustard and groundnut crops. 6225Utility of results obtained so far 623 Publications and Material Development: (One copy each to be supplied with this proforma) 6231 Research papers: (Abstracts Published) 1. Saroj Singh, Nasim Ahmad, S.K. Singh and Shalesh Godika (2009). Effect of Trichoderma- a potential microbial bio-agent on disease management and yield of mustard crop. Abstract in the 5 th International Conference on Biopesticides: Stakeholders Perspectives, held at India Habitat Centre (IHC), New Delhi from April 26-30, Shailesh Godika, Mahendra Kumar, A.K. Pathak, Saroj Singh, Surender Kumar Singh, M.S. Yadav and Nasim Ahmad (2010). Validation of Integrated Pest Management Technology in mustard through FLDs. Abstract in the National Conference on Plant Protection in Agriculture through Eco-friendly Techniques and Traditional Farming Practices held at Jaipur from February 18-20, Popular articles : Nil 6233 Reports and technical bulletins : Nil 6234 Seminars and workshops (relevant to the project) in which the scientists have participated. Conferences : Following conferences attended 1. 5 th International Conference on Biopesticides: Stakeholders Perspectives, held at India Habitat Centre (IHC), New Delhi from April 26-30, 2009 (Participation of Dr. Saroj Singh and Dr. Nasim Ahmad) 2. 5 th International Conference on Plant Pathology in the Globalized Era held at IARI New Delhi from Nov , 2009 (Participation of Dr. Saroj Singh, Dr. Nasim Ahmad, Dr. M.S Yadav, and Sh. P.V. Verma) 9

10 Kisan Pathshala : On Mustard 1. A Kisan Pathshala was organized under this project by NCIPM in the IPM adopted village Mohammadpur, Navgaon, Distt. Alwar on Dec. 14, Infrastructural facilities developed : Nil 10

11 Part-IV: Project Expenditure Summary (Year ) As per RPF1 of this Project 630 Recurring Expenditure Salaries: (Designation with pay scale) i) Scientific ii) Technical iii) Supporting iv) Wages Sub Total 6302 Consumables I) Chemicals ii) Glasswares iii) Others (Pheromones) (Bio-agents) Sub Total 6303 Travel 6304 Miscellaneous (seed cost, fertiliser) (Other costs) 6305 Sub Total (Recurring) 631 Non-Recurring Expenditure (Equipments) I) ii) iii) 632 Total (630 and 631) 11

12 Signatures of the Project Investigator and Co-investigators Principal Investigator 1. Dr. (Mrs.) Saroj Singh, Principal Scientist, Co-Investigators 2. Dr. Surender Kumar Singh, Senior Scientist 3. Dr. M.S Yadav, Senior Scientist 4. Sh. Niranjan Singh, Scientist (SS) 5. Dr. Nasim Ahmad, Technical Officer 6. Sh. P.V. Verma, Technical Officer Signature & Comments of the Head of the Division/Section Signature & Comments of the Director 12