9/3/12. Unit 6A Naming Compounds (Chapter 5) Review: Elements vs. Compounds. Molecular View of Elements and Compounds

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1 Introductory Chemistry Nivaldo Tro Unit 6A Naming Compounds (Chapter ) Roy Kennedy Massachusetts Bay Community College 2006, Prentice Hall Review: Elements vs. Compounds Salt Sodium shiny, reactive, poisonous Chlorine pale yellow gas, reactive, poisonous Sodium chloride table salt Sugar Carbon pencil or diamonds Hydrogen flammable gas Oxygen a gas in air Combine to form white crystalline sugar Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 2 Molecular View of Elements and Compounds 3 1

2 Classifying Materials Atomic elements = elements whose particles are single atoms Molecular elements = Molecular compounds = Ionic compounds = Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter Molecular Compounds Two or more nonmetals Or Smallest unit is a Metals + nonmetals Ionic Compounds No individual molecule units, 6 2

3 9/3/12 Classify each of the following as either an atomic element, molecular element, molecular compound or ionic compound aluminum, Al aluminum chloride, AlCl3 chlorine, Cl2 acetone, C3H6O carbon monoxide, CO cobalt, Co Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 7 Review:Formulas Describe Compounds water = H2O table sugar = C12H22O11 Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 8 Order of Elements in a Formula Ionic Compounds Nonmetals written in order from Table.1 CO2 are occasional exceptions for historical or informational reasons H2O, but NaOH Table.1 Order of Listing Nonmetals in Chemical Formulas C P N H S Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter I Br Cl O F 9 3

4 Classifying Compounds Binary Ionic Ionic with polyatomic ion Binary Molecular Binary Acids Oxyacids - 10 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds - Type 1 1. The cation is always written first, then the anion. 2. Examine the cation, 3. If it is a Charges on Type 1 cations: Group 1 = Group 2 = Group 13 = Monatomic Nonmetal Anion Determine the charge from position on the Periodic Table To name anion, change ending on the element name to ide 4A = -4 A = -3 6A = -2 7A = -1 C = carbide N = nitride O = oxide F = fluoride Si = silicide P = phosphide S = sulfide Cl = chloride 12 4

5 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds - Type 1 1. Name the cation first using the name of the element. 2. Name the anion using the root of the element name and adding - ide as the suffix. NaCl - Ca 3 N 2 - Al 2 O 3 - Naming Binary Ionic Compounds - Type 2 1. Examine the cation, decide if it is a transition metal or a main group metal. 2. If it is a transition metal, Charges on Type 2 cations: Cu 1+, Cu 2+ Cr 3+, Cr 6+ Mn 2+, Mn 4+ How do you know a metal cation is Type II? It s not Type I!!! Determine if the following metals are Type I or Type II. If Type I, determine the charge on the cation it forms. lithium, Li copper, Cu gallium, Ga tin, Sn strontium, Sr 1

6 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds - Type 2 1. Name the cation first using the name of the element. 2. Use the charge 3. Add a 4. Name the anion using the root of the element name and adding - ide as the suffix. TiO 2 - CuBr - CrS 3 - Exceptions Main group: Compounds containing Pb, Sn need Roman numerials to indicate the charge on the cation Transition metals: Zn and Ag only form one type of cation. No Roman numeral is necessary. Naming Binary Covalent Compounds Binary covalent compounds contain two types of nonmetals bonded together, or a metalloid and a nonmetal. 1. Name the elements in the order listed in the formula. 2. Use 3. Omit the prefix mono- when the formula 4. The suffix of the name of the second element is -ide. 6

7 Naming Binary Covalent Compounds - Prefixes 1. CS 2 Practice 2. IF 7 3. B 2 O 3 4. SiO 4. H 2 O Naming Ionic Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions 1. To name a compound containing a polyatomic ion, state the cation first. You must determine if it is a main group metal or transition metal and name the cation properly. 2. Then name the anion. Use the proper name of the polyatomic ion. Examples: Mg(ClO) 2 AgNO 2 PbSO 4 7

8 Naming Acids An acid is a compound that contains Ex: HCl, H 2 SO 4 Naming Binary Acids HCl 1. Identify the anion Cl = 2. Name the anion with an ic suffix Cl - = chloride 3. Add a hydro- prefix to the anion name 4. Add the word acid to the end 23 Naming Oxyacids H 2 SO 4 1. Identify the anion SO 4 = SO 2-4 = 2. If the anion has ate suffix, change it to. If the anion has ite suffix, change it to SO 2-4 = sulfate 3. Write the name of the anion followed by the word acid (kind of an exception, to make it sound nicer!) 24 8

9 Naming Oxyacids H 2 SO 3 1. Identify the anion SO 3 = SO 2-3 = 2. If the anion has ate suffix, change it to ic. If the anion has ite suffix, change it to -ous SO 2-3 = sulfite 3. Write the name of the anion followed by the word acid 2 Writing the Formulas from the Names For binary molecular compounds, use the prefixes to determine the subscripts 27 9

10 Example Binary Molecular dinitrogen pentoxide Identify the symbols of the elements Write the formula using prefix number for subscript 28 Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds 1. Write the symbol for the metal cation and its charge 2. Write the symbol for the nonmetal anion and its charge 3. Charge (without sign) becomes subscript for other ion 4. Reduce subscripts to smallest whole number ratio. Check that the sum of the charges of the cation cancels the sum of the anions 29 Write the formula of a compound made from aluminum ions and oxide ions 1. Write the symbol for the metal cation and its charge 2. Write the symbol for the nonmetal anion and its charge 3. Charge (without sign) becomes subscript for other ion 4. Reduce subscripts to smallest whole number ratio. Check that the total charge of the cations cancels the total charge of the anions 30 10

11 Example Ionic Compounds manganese(iv) sulfide 1. Write the symbol for the cation and its charge 2. Write the symbol for the anion and its charge 3. Charge (without sign) becomes subscript for other ion 4. Reduce subscripts to smallest whole number ratio. Check that the total charge of the cations cancels the total charge of the anions 31 Example Ionic Compounds Iron(III) phosphate 1. Write the symbol for the cation and its charge 2. Write the symbol for the anion and its charge 3. Charge (without sign) becomes subscript for other ion 4. Reduce subscripts to smallest whole number ratio. Check that the total charge of the cations cancels the total charge of the anions 32 Practice - What are the formulas for compounds made from the following ions? potassium ion with a nitride ion calcium ion with a bromide ion aluminum ion with a sulfide ion 33 11

12 Practice - What are the formulas for compounds made from the following ions? copper(ii) ion with a nitride ion iron(iii) ion with a bromide ion aluminum ion with a sulfate ion 34 12

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