Name of Consultant : Vanessa Hyacinth-Ash. : Ministry of Food Production, Land and Marine Affairs. Name of Client. : Trinidad and Tobago.

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1 A Study of the Last Forty Years of Daily Rainfall Data in Trinidad to Examine Any Indications of Climate Change and its Repercussions for the Farming Population in Trinidad and Tobago. Name of Consultant : Vanessa Hyacinth-Ash Name of Client : Ministry of Food Production, Land and Marine Affairs Country : Trinidad and Tobago Location : Piarco Date: 9 th May, 2011

2 Executive Summary The Ministry of Food Production, Land and Marine Affairs (MFPLMA) requested a study on climate change and its implications to the farming population in Trinidad, to better position itself to meet the demands of the farming community for land, planting advice and irrigation practices. The objectives of this study were to assess if variability of rainfall and temperature patterns existed over the period 1971 to 2010; and to assess the best month for farmers to sow their crops based on the variability of rainfall patterns over the same period. A forty year period ( ) of daily rainfall and temperature data obtained from the Trinidad and Tobago Meteorological Services was used in this study. Based on the data used, the mean annual total rainfall over this period was mm, with an average of about 163 rainy days. The highest annual total was mm in 1981; the lowest total recorded was mm in The study also revealed that the average temperature for Piarco Trinidad over the period is 27.2 o C with a minimum mean temperature of 26.1 o C and the maximum mean temperature of 28.6 o C, occurring in 1971 and 2010 respectively. Temperature exhibited an increase of 2.5 o C over the forty year period. The study results noted that the latest sowing date for farmers who plant on the 1 st June, 1 st July and 1 st October is 17 July, 1 st August and 28 th November respectively. Analysis found that the minimum number of days that the rainy season lasted was 138 days which occurred in 1993 and the maximum number of days is 220 days which occurred in The mean rainy season length was 163 days. Findings were therefore, that the best month for farmers to plant is in the month of July since the data showed that farmer planting before the first of July would have a 76.3% to 97.2% chance that they would have to resow their crop after 1 st June. The following recommendations emerged from this study. The MFPLMA should: Consider the minimization of evapo-transpiration losses and water conservation through incentives for drip irrigation and water storage systems; Promote research, development and innovation agenda to encourage an intercropping symbiotic system, using water storing plants combined with non water storing plants for efficient growing methods. Research and development can also be exploited in the area of more drought tolerant varieties of food crop plants; Enhance the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT)s for improved data gathering and monitoring of these and other key parameters such as humidity, sunshine hours etc; Award research grants for further studies in the area of climate change and agriculture for key growing bread baskets communities given the loss of agricultural land to built up infrastructure; and Promote greater greening of the environment through the planting of more trees to capture water and lower temperature.

3 Table of Contents Executive Summary... i 1.0 Background Objectives: Methodology: Data Results: Exploring Annuals and Seasonal Data Exploring Temperature Exploring Daily Data Exploring Monthly Totals Exploring Planting Dates Exploring Variations in Planting Dates Exploring the Distribution of Planting Dates Exploring Length of Rainy Season Conclusion Recommendations Appendix: Display of daily data: Piarco, Trinidad for a ten year period 1981 to

4 List of Figures Fig 1: Total Annual Rainfall for Trinidad ( )... 3 Fig 2: Trend in Annual Rainfall for Trinidad ( )... 3 Fig 3: Total Number of Rain Days in Trinidad ( )... 4 Fig 4: Trend in the Number of Rainy Days in Trinidad ( )... 4 Fig 5: Boxplot of Total Annual and Seasonal Rainfall (June to December) ( )... 5 Fig 6: Trend in Mean Temperature for Piarco, Trinidad ( )... 7 Fig 7: Dates of Planting and Re-sowing Mid May to June 1971 to Fig 8: Dates of Planting and Re-sowing June to July 1971 to

5 List of Tables Table 1: Annual and Decadal Statistics of Rainfall over the period 1971 to Table 2: Annual and Decadal Statistics of Rainy Days over the period 1971 to Table 3: Annual Statistics of Temperature over the period 1971 to Table 4: 1995 Daily Rainfall Data... 8 Table 5: Total Monthly Rainfall for the Months January to May for the period Table 6: Minimum, Maximum, Mean and Median Planting Dates Table 7: Mean for Planting dates for the Decadal period over Table 8: Maximum Planting dates for the decennial period between Table 9: Aggregate and Decadal Variation of the Onset of the Rainy Season Dates Table 10: Aggregated and Decadal Variation of Planting Dates for June Table 11: Aggregated and Decadal Variation of Planting Dates for July Table 12: Aggregated and Decadal Variation of Planting Dates for October Table 13: Empirical Distribution of the observed distribution of sowing dates Table 14: Statistics for the length of the Planting Season and Possibility of Re-sowing Table 15: Risk of Re-Sowing... 15

6 1.0 Background Trinidad and Tobago is located between the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, northeast of Venezuela, latitude 61 15'W, longitude N, altitude 940m. Tobago lies approximately thirty kilometres (30km) northeast of Trinidad. The country covers an area 512,838 ha of which 84,990 ha, according to the 2004 Agricultural Census Report, are cultivated, cropland, pasture, both cultivated and natural, resting land or lands being prepared for crops, abandon and semi abandoned crop and forest and lastrojo, built on and service areas and all other lands. During the 1970s, the country experienced what was known as Dutch Disease which is the inversely related performance of the oil sector to the agricultural sector so that agriculture was depressed during the period of the oil boom, and in the 1980s agricultural output in Trinidad and Tobago was stimulated during oil's decline. It would appear that Trinidad is once more experiencing this phenomenon, and as a result, agriculture is once more on the decline. However, the production of food is a necessity. Therefore, resources such as land, though scarce, are competing with other sectors for facilities such as housing, sporting arena, commercial buildings etc. The Ministry of Food Production, Land and Marine Affairs is the agency responsible for ensuring that the agricultural lands be used to meet the food and nutritional needs of the population. The Ministry is therefore critical to the development of the agricultural sector. Soaring food prices, both internationally and locally have brought the agriculture sector centre stage. The growing demand for food when met with the challenges of climate change is an issue that cannot be ignored and must be addressed to better the food and nutrition security needs of the population in Trinidad and Tobago. The Ministry envisions as its priority, the ability to identify areas that provide the best balance especially in terms of soil and water supply to be dedicated to agricultural production. Thus the Ministry of Food Production, Land and Marine Resources requested this study on climate change and its implications to the farming population in Trinidad to better position itself to meet the demands of the farming population for land, planting advice and irrigation practices. 2.0 Objectives: The objectives to this study are listed below: 1. To assess if variability of rainfall patterns existed over the period 1971 to To assess if variability of temperature patterns existed over the period 1971 to To assess the best month for farmers to sow their crops based on the variability of rainfall patterns over the period 1971 to

7 3.0 Methodology: For this study a forty year period of daily rainfall and temperature data were obtained from the Trinidad and Tobago Meteorological Services (TTMS) which is a Division of the Ministry of Public Utilities and Environment. This data, after being checked for missing values and adjusted for leap years was imported into INSTAT, which is a statistical package that incorporates a climatological analysis for the analysis of the objectives stated above. There were no oddities in the data. To assess if there was variability of rainfall patterns and the best months for farmers to sow based on this variability, annual and decadal changes in rainfall patterns, number of rain days, shifts in the starts of the rainy season, the length, frequency and spread of dry spells will be investigated. Tables, summaries and charts will be used to analyse the data. 4.0 Data The daily rainfall data for Piarco was obtained from two (2) manned offices and seven (7) automatic weather stations (AWS), all of which can be accessed from the Synoptic Office via radio-transmitted data. The TTMS also utilised images and forecast models from Polar and Geostationary Satellites and a radar, which is located on the hills of the country s Central Range. The TTMS defines the onset of the rainy season by the Weather Systems that cause the rain (e.g. ITCZ, Tropical Waves), as opposed to the amount of rainfall. However, for this study, the position taken is that Trinidad and Tobago has two seasons annually: the dry season for the first five months of the year i.e. January to May, and the wet season in the second seven months of the year (June to December). For the farming population, there are basically three planting months. These are Mid-May to June, July and October. The following event definitions came from discussions with an officer from the TTMS office in Trinidad as well as consultation with extension officers and farmers. A dry spell is defined as a period in which there is no rainfall for ten successive days over 30 day period. No rainfall is defined as less than 1mm of rain. The onset of the rainy season is defined as the first day after the 15 th May when a running three day total rainfall is greater than or equal to 40mm and excess rainfall is defined as over 60mm of rain. Successful planting days is defined as the period in which 40mm of rain falls in 1, 2 or 3 consecutive days after 1 st June, 1 st July or 1 st October with no dry spells. The onset of the dry season is defined as the first date after 1 st January when the soil profile is empty. 2

8 5.0 Results: To begin the analysis of the findings, an examination of the annual and seasonal rainfall, the total number of rain days, temperature, and the trends in the both these results using a simple regression analysis. As stated earlier the dry season is from January to May and the rainy season is considered from June to December. During the rainy season farmers tend to plant twice: the first crop is between Mid May and July which we will label as first rain planting (FRP) and then another crop in October second rain planting (SRP). The data used in this study describes the daily rainfall values from 1971 to 2010 for Piarco, Trinidad. The mean annual total rainfall over this period was mm, with an average of about 163 rainy days. The highest annual total was mm in 1981; the lowest total recorded was mm in Exploring Annuals and Seasonal Data Fig 1: Total Annual Rainfall for Piarco, Trinidad ( ) Fig 2: Trend in Annual Rainfall for Piarco Trinidad ( ) 3

9 Fig. 1 shows the total annual rainfall for Piarco Trinidad during the period 1971 to After applying a simple regression, as in Fig. 2, it showed a slightly decreasing trend in the pattern of annual rainfall over the same period which would not be very easily identified without the use of regression analysis. Fig 3: Total Number of Rain Days at Piarco, Trinidad ( ) Fig 4: Trend in the Number of Rainy Days in Trinidad ( ) Fig 3 shows the total number of rain days for Piarco Trinidad during the period 1971 to Fig 4 reveals a decreasing trend in the total number of rain days over the same period. 4

10 Table 1: Annual and Decadal Statistics of Rainfall over the period 1971 to 2010 Time Period Total Rainfall No. of observations Minimum (mm) Maximum (mm) Range Mean (mm) Std. deviation Median (mm) Lower Quartile (mm) Upper Quartile (mm) The average rainfall is maximum in the second decade ( ) and minimum in the first decade ( ) with greatest variability existing in the second decade. Average rainfall is fluctuating throughout the decades Fig 5: Box plot of Total Annual and Seasonal Rainfall (June to December) ( ) 5

11 When comparing the annual total rainfall and the rainy season rainfall for both the entire 40 years period and the four separate decades we observe that the averages are highest in the second decade ( ) with the greatest variability for both the annual rainfall and the rainy season rainfall. However, average annual total rainfall is lowest in decade one ( ) while the average seasonal rainfall is lowest in decade four ( ). Decade three ( ) tended to have the smallest variability for both the annual and seasonal rainfall data. Table 2: Annual and Decadal Statistics of Rainy Days over the period 1971 to 2010 Decade Period (June to December) Rainy Day Minimum Maximum Range Mean Std. deviation From the above table there is slight fluctuation in the average number of rainy days between the decades however, there is variability between the decades as seen from the standard deviation. The lowest number of rainy days (99) occurs in the last decade and the highest number of rainy days (136) occurs in the second decade

12 5.2 Exploring Temperature Fig 6: Trend in Annual Mean Temperature for Piarco, Trinidad ( ) Fig 6 shows the trend in the mean annual temperature for Piarco, Trinidad. It has been steadily increasing over the period 1971 to Table 3: Annual Statistics of Temperature over the period 1971 to 2010 Temperature Mean No. of observations 40 Minimum (deg) Maximum (deg) Range Mean (deg) Std. deviation Median (deg) Lower Quartile (deg) Upper Quartile (deg) From Table 3 above, the average temperature for Piarco Trinidad over the period 1971 to 2010 is 27.2 o. The minimum mean temperature of 26.1 o and the maximum mean temperature of 28.6 o occurred in 1971 and 2010 respectively. The range in temperature shows an increase of 2.5 degrees over the forty year period. 7

13 5.3 Exploring Daily Data Upon examination of the daily data it was discovered that based on the definition of the start of rains given by farmers for 1995, for example, the first planting date would be 20 th June. The year 1995, however, proved a special case for the 1 st October criterion for starts of rains as there was not any possible day to match the criteria set for planting, therefore the next lowest minimum was taken which was October 1st. A sample of the daily rainfall data is shown at the Appendix. Table 4: 1995 Daily Rainfall Data Mon Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Day Mean (Overall: 4.3) Total (Overall: ) Minimum (Overall: 0.0) Maximum (Overall: 94.0) Number greater than 1 (Overall: 134) No planting criterion met for October Possible onset planting time 8

14 5.4 Exploring Monthly Totals Table 5: Total Monthly Rainfall for the Months January to May for the period Rainfall Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total Total January February March April May June July August September October November December Minimum (mm) Maximum (mm) Range Mean (mm) Std. deviation Median (mm) Lower Quartile (mm) Upper Quartile (mm) We will observe that the wettest months are those of June ( mm), July (254 mm) and August (August having the highest average monthly rainfall of mm). August month also shows a high variability (range of 319 mm.) June s variability is 373.7mm and July s variability is 287.5mm. October and November also depicted a high average rainfall of mm and mm respectively. The month of October was observed to have the highest variability (425.8 mm). 9

15 5.5 Exploring Planting Dates Table 6: Minimum, Maximum, Mean and Median Planting Dates Planting dates Minimum Maximum Mean Median 1st June 1-Jun 17-Jul 12-Jun 9-Jun 1st July 1-Jul 1-Aug 9-Jul 7-Jul 1st October 1-Oct 28-Nov 12-Oct 7-Oct Farmers would usually plant two different times during the rainy season. One possible time would be around June or July and the second in October for sales during the Christmas season. For the period , the average planting date for farmers with planting date 1 st June, is the12 th June. If these farmers were to plant halfway into the season, then they would plant on the 9 th June (shown in Table 6 as the median value). Those farmers with planting date 1 st July has the average date for planting as the 10 th July with the middle day of the season being 7 th July. For those farmers who chose to plant another crop in October, the average date for their planting is the 12 th October and midway into the season is the 7 th October. The latest sowing date for farmers who plant on the 1 st June, 1 st July and 1 st October is 17 July, 1 st August and 28 th November respectively. To examine variability in the average planting dates, we will examine if there were any changes to the average planting date for each decade over the period Table 7: Mean for Planting dates for the Decadal period over Planting dates st June 19-Jun 11-Jun 12-Jun 10-Jun 1st July 8-Jul 12-Jul 12-Jul 7-Jul 1st October 13-Oct 15-Oct 6-Oct 15-Oct Table 8: Maximum Planting dates for the decennial period between Planting dates st June 17-Jul 26-Jun 5-Jul 20-Jun 1st July 19-Jul 29-Jul 1-Aug 30-Jul 1st October 1-Nov 11-Nov 26-Oct 28-Nov 10

16 Isolating the mean (Table 7) and maximum planting days (Table 8) it was observed that in Table 7 there was some variability in the average planting date over each preceding decade, in some cases demonstrating a difference of, as much as, ten (10) days. For those farmers wanting to plant around July 1 st, between the decadal period 1981 to 1990 and 1991 to 2000, the average planting date that these farmers would have planted is 12 th July. The maximum planting date for farmer over the decades (Table 8) however, showed considerable variability between periods. 5.6 Exploring Variations in Planting Dates Table 9: Aggregate and Decadal Variation of the Onset of the Rainy Season Dates Simple Normal Model MidMay MidMay ( ) Onset of the Rainy Season MidMay ( ) MidMay ( ) MidMay ( ) Sample size Minimum 15-May 19-May 15-May 15-May 15-May Maximum 17-Jul 17-Jul 26-Jun 5-Jul 20-Jun Range Mean 2-Jun 9-Jun 29-May 1-Jun 1-Jun Std. deviation Standard error of mean ( with 39 d.f.) (with 9 d.f.) (with 9 d.f.) (with 9 d.f.) (with 9 d.f.) 95% confidence interval for mean 28 May 8 June 25 May 24 Jun 18 May 9 Jun 20 May 13 Jun 24 May 10 Jun The table above shows the onset of the rainy season according to criterion 2 under the data section of this report. It can be observed that the mean onset date for the entire period is given as 2 nd June. The mean onset dates for the first decade ( ) lies outside the 95% confidence interval for the entire period ( ) for the mean. All other decades falls within the 95% confidence interval for means of each of the various decades. 11

17 Table 10: Aggregated and Decadal Variation of Planting Dates for June Simple Normal Model June 1st June 1st ( ) Planting Month June June 1st ( ) June 1st ( ) June 1st ( ) Sample size Minimum 1-Jun 1-Jun 3-Jun 1-Jun 1-Jun Maximum 17-Jul 17-Jul 26-Jun 5-Jul 20-Jun Range Mean 12-Jun 19-Jun 11-Jun 12-Jun 9-Jun Std. deviation ( with 39 d.f.) (with 9 d.f.) (with 9 d.f.) (with 9 d.f.) Standard error of mean 95% confidence interval for mean 9 June 16 June 6 June 1 July 5th June 16 July 4th June 19 July (with 9 d.f.) 5th June 13 July For planting dates 1 st June, the average planting date for farmers is given as the 12 th June. It is observed that there was no significant change in the averages over the decades. Each of the means falls within the 95% confidence interval for the means for all the various decades. 12

18 Table 11: Aggregated and Decadal Variation of Planting Dates for July Simple Normal Model July 1st July 1st ( ) Planting Months July 1st ( ) July 1st ( ) July 1st ( ) Sample size Minimum 1-Jul 1-Jul 1-Jul 3-Jul 1-Jul Maximum 1-Aug 19-Jul 29-Jul 1-Aug 30-Jul Range Mean 9-Jul 7-Jul 12-Jul 11-Jul 7-Jul Std. deviation Standard error of mean ( with 39 d.f.) (with 9 d.f.) (with 9 d.f.) (with 9 d.f.) (with 9 d.f.) 95% confidence interval for mean 6 July - 12 July 3 July 12 July 4 July 19 July 4 July 18 July 30 June 13 July A similar type of analysis can be done for the planting date of 1 st July. The average planting date for that event is given as 9 th July, as seen in the table above. Table 12: Aggregated and Decadal Variation of Planting Dates for October Simple Normal Model October 1st October 1st ( ) Planting Months October 1st ( ) October 1st ( ) October 1st ( ) Sample size Minimum 1-Oct 1-Oct 1-Oct 1-Oct 2-Oct Maximum 28-Nov 1-Nov 11-Nov 26-Oct 28-Nov Range Mean 12-Oct 13-Oct 15-Oct 6-Oct 15-Oct Std. deviation Standard error of mean ( with 39 d.f.) (with 9 d.f.) (with 9 d.f.) (with 9 d.f.) (with 9 d.f.) 95% confidence interval for mean 8 Oct 16 Oct 5 Oct 20 Oct 3 Oct 26 Oct 30 Sep 11 Oct 2 Oct 27 Oct 13

19 For planting date 1 st October the average planting date for the period was given as the 12 th October. When examining decade , it was observed that none of the other decade s mean or the mean for the entire period falls within the 95% confidence interval for the mean for that particular decade. 5.7 Exploring the Distribution of Planting Dates Farmers who plant at different times will experience different levels of risk because of the variability of the rainfall. Hence we will now explore differences in the farmers planting date. Table 13: Empirical Distribution of the observed distribution of sowing dates Statistics June July October Minimum 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Oct Maximum 17-Jul 1-Aug 28-Nov Range Mean 12-Jun 9-Jul 12-Oct Std. deviation Percentiles of observed distribution 10th percentile 2-Jun 1-Jul 1-Oct 20th percentile 3-Jun 2-Jul 2-Oct 50th percentile 9-Jun 7-Jul 7-Oct 80th percentile 20-Jun 16-Jul 23-Oct 90th percentile 4-Jul 25-Jul 31-Oct From Table 13 above, it is shown that farmers whose planting date is 1 st June in only one year out of 10 will they plant by 2 nd June or later. One in every two years, farmers would have planted by 9 th June or later and four out of five years these farmers would have planted by the 20 th June. Similarly for farmers who planted by the 1 st July. One in every two years they would have planted by the 7 th July or later and four out of every five years, these farmers would have planted by the 16 th July or later. For those farmers who chose to plant a second crop during the rainy season, two in every five years the farmer would have planted by the 2 nd October and nine out of every ten years they would have planted by the 31 st October. 14

20 5.8 Exploring Length of Rainy Season The table below shows the length of the rainy season given the criterion for the onset of the dry season. It can be observed that the minimum number of days that the season lasted was 138 days which occurred in 1993 and the maximum number of days is 220 days which occurred in The mean season length is 163 days. Table 14: Statistics for the length of the Planting Season and Possibility of Re-sowing Length of Season Statistics No. of observations 40 Minimum (days) 138 Maximum (days) 220 Range 82 Mean (days) Std. deviation Median (days) Lower Quartile (days) Upper Quartile (days) Table 15: Risk of Re-Sowing Risk of Re-sowing Successes Percentage 95% confidence interval Plant 15 May Re-sow June 1st % to 63.9% Plant June 1st Re-sow July 1st % to 97.2% For farmers who decide to plant at the onset of the rainy season they would have a 47.5% risk of having to re-sow their crop in June as shown in Table 15 above. This was seen in 19 out of the 40 cases presented for analysis. (shown at Fig. 7 page 16) Farmers who plant on the 1 st June however, for nine years in ten would run a risk of having to re-sow their crop in July. This is also shown in Fig. 8 below (page 16). The blue line that connects the dates of first planting and re-sowing (Figs. 7 and 8) shows the corresponding years in which re-sowing is needed. 15

21 Fig 7: Dates of Planting and Re-sowing Mid May to June 1971 to 2010 Fig 8: Dates of Planting and Re-sowing June to July 1971 to

22 6.0 Conclusion Based on the objectives and results of the study the following can be concluded: There has been a small decline in rainfall and number of rainy days over the forty years period. Temperature has shown a steady increase alluding to some degree of climate change. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that there are any major changes in average planting dates over and between each decadal period. The maximum planting date for farmer over the decades however, showed considerable variability between periods. Based on the length of the planting season and the risk of re-sowing, the best month for farmers to plant is in the month of July since the data shows that we can be 95% confident that a farmer planting before the first of July would have a 76.3% to 97.2% chance that they would have to re-sow their crop after 1 st June. 7.0 Recommendations Based on the analysis and conclusion derived from the study, the following recommendations can be formulated The Ministry should:- Consider the minimization of evapo-transpiration losses and water conservation through incentives for drip irrigation and water storage systems; Promote research, development and innovation agenda to encourage an intercropping symbiotic system, using water storing plants combined with non water storing plants for efficient growing methods. Research and development can also be exploited in the area of more drought tolerant varieties of food crop plants; Enhance the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT)s for improved data gathering and monitoring of these and other key parameters such as humidity, sunshine hours etc; Award research grants for further studies in the area of climate change and agriculture for key growing bread baskets communities given the loss of agricultural land to built up infrastructure; and Promote greater greening of the environment through the planting of more trees to capture water and lower temperature. 17

23 8.0 Appendix: 8.1 Display of daily data: Piarco, Trinidad for a ten year period 1981 to 1990 Daily data for: Yr1981 Mon Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Day Mean (Overall: 7.4) Total (Overall: ) Minimum (Overall: 0.0) Maximum (Overall: 155.6) Number greater than 1 (Overall: 190)

24 Daily data for: Yr1982 Mon Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Day Mean (Overall: 6.2) Total (Overall: ) Minimum (Overall: 0.0) Maximum (Overall: 77.5) Number greater than 1 (Overall: 186)

25 Daily data for: Yr1983 Mon Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Day Mean (Overall: 6.6) Total (Overall: ) Minimum (Overall: 0.0) Maximum (Overall: 65.3) Number greater than 1 (Overall: 178)

26 Daily data for: Yr1984 Mon Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Day Mean (Overall: 5.9) Total (Overall: ) Minimum (Overall: 0.0) Maximum (Overall: 67.2) Number greater than 1 (Overall: 160)

27 Daily data for: Yr1985 Mon Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Day Mean (Overall: 5.9) Total (Overall: ) Minimum (Overall: 0.0) Maximum (Overall: 88.9) Number greater than 1 (Overall: 165)

28 Daily data for: Yr1986 Mon Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Day Mean (Overall: 5.8) Total (Overall: ) Minimum (Overall: 0.0) Maximum (Overall: 118.4) Number greater than 1 (Overall: 161)

29 Daily data for: Yr1987 Mon Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Day Mean (Overall: 4.1) Total (Overall: ) Minimum (Overall: 0.0) Maximum (Overall: 47.9) Number greater than 1 (Overall: 129)

30 Daily data for: Yr1988 Mon Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Day Mean (Overall: 6.0) Total (Overall: ) Minimum (Overall: 0.0) Maximum (Overall: 87.6) Number greater than 1 (Overall: 161)

31 Daily data for: Yr1989 Mon Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Day Mean (Overall: 4.2) Total (Overall: ) Minimum (Overall: 0.0) Maximum (Overall: 73.4) Number greater than 1 (Overall: 138)

32 Daily data for: Yr1990 Mon Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Day Mean (Overall: 4.9) Total (Overall: ) Minimum (Overall: 0.0) Maximum (Overall: 67.0) Number greater than 1 (Overall: 168)

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