CSCD 443/533 Advanced Networks Fall 2016
|
|
- Marion Crawford
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CSCD 443/533 Advanced Networks Fall 2016 Lecture 19 Compression of Video and Audio 1
2 Topics Compression technology Motivation Human attributes make it possible Audio Compression Video Compression Performance 2
3 Motivation, Why Compress? Why do we need to compress streaming media? Look at one instance 640 X 480 pixel frames 24 bits color/pixel 30 frames / sec No compression, takes over 200 Mbps to transmit just video Do you have a 200 Mbps link? We need massive compression to be able to view streaming video and audio with our current network
4 Motivation, Why Compress? What does compression buy us? Lossless DVD video Mbps Compressed DVD video - 4 Mbps 50:1 compression ratio!
5 Why Compress? In a Nutshell To reduce the file size To deliver stream to the user To conserve storage space Choosing a compression rate is a balance: Quality of Available the Media bandwidth
6 So, Why Compress? Delivering video over Web means compromises Mostly trading image quality for lower bit rates In general, Video and audio are compressed Stuffed into a container and Delivered to you via web If done well, you won't notice The missing bits and The delivery of media Discuss individual format, codecs and tradeoffs
7 Definitions Define Streaming file format? Like.mov,.avi or.flv Codec Compression
8 Definitions File Format Particular way information is stored in a file Known as containers for streaming media Codec Codec is an acronym for Compression/Decompression Compression Reduces file size by removing audio or video information
9 Format vs. Codec Example Flash Video (FLV) is a file format H.264, On2, VP6, Sorenson Spark are codecs for the flash video file
10 Container File Formats Purpose of container formats Examples Function as "black boxes" for holding a variety of media formats Good container formats can handle files compressed with a variety of different codecs In a perfect world, you could put any codec in any container format Unfortunately are some incompatibilities MPEG-2, Advanced Systems Format (ASF) from Microsoft, AVI, Quicktime (MOV), MP4, Flash (FLV) RealMedia
11 Multimedia Container Files Multimedia file extensions.mov,.ogg,.wmv,.flv,.mp4,.mpeg Essentially, videos are packaged Into encapsulation containers, or wrapper formats, that contain all information needed to present video You can think of file formats as being containers that hold all this information Very similar to a.zip,.sit or.rar file
12 Differences in Containers Why do you think certain formats are popular? Popular Support File Size How widely supported is the format? Larger is not better for streaming files Support for advanced codec functionality Older formats such as AVI do not support new codec features like B-frames or VBR audio Support for advanced content Such as chapters, subtitles, meta-tags, user-data.
13 Compression
14 Compression Two Types: Lossless Lossy Keeps All Bits Removes Bits
15 Lossy Compression Lossy compression schemes reduce file size by discarding some amount of data during encoding before sent over Internet Once received by client, codec attempts to reconstruct information that was lost or discarded
16 Video Lossy Compression Image Compression Image format uses lossy compression to sample an image and discard unnecessary color/contrast information
17 Can you really see difference?
18 Video Lossy Compression Why can you do lossy compression? Spatial and temporal redundancy Pixel values are not independent, correlated with their neighbors both within same frame and across frame Value of pixel is predictable given values of neighboring pixels Psychovisual redundancy Human eye has limited response to fine spatial detail, Less sensitive to detail near object edges or around shotchanges Impairments introduced by bit rate reduction should not be visible to human viewer
19 Audio Lossy Compression Audio compression Lossy discards frequencies on high and low end of spectrum and attempts to locate and remove unnecessary audio data More on this Nice description and example programs
20 Audio Streaming Formats Many formats and standards for streaming audio RealNetworks' RealAudio, streaming MP3, Macromedia's Flash and Director Shockwave, Microsoft's Windows Media, and Apple's QuickTime Also recognized standard formats, including Liquid Audio, MP3, MIDI, WAV, and AU
21 Audio Lossy Compression First, player decompresses audio file as it downloads to your computer Then fills in missing information according to the instructions set by codec Compressed file is unintelligible to listener Decompressed file is intelligible but of a lower quality than original
22 MP3 Audio Lossy Compression Example - MP3 MP3 lossy audio data compression algorithm takes advantage of perceptual limitation of human hearing Auditory Masking Discovered (in late 1800's) that tone could be rendered inaudible by another tone of lower frequency How your brain perceives similar sounds
23 MP3 Audio Lossy Compression Uncompressed audio, Like CDs, stores more data than your brain can actually process For example, Two notes are very similar and very close together, your brain may perceive only one of them Two sounds are different, one is much louder than the other, your brain may never perceive the quieter signal
24 MP3 Audio Lossy Compression Study these auditory phenomena Psychoacoustics, Can be accurately described in tables and charts, Mathematical models representing human hearing patterns These can be stored in the codec as reference tables Article on psychoacoustics
25 MP3 Audio Lossy Compression MP3 Encoding Tools Analyze incoming source signal, Break it down into mathematical patterns, and Compare these patterns to psychoacoustic models stored in encoder itself Encoder can then discard most of data that doesn't match stored models, keeping that which does Shrinks file by discarding great deal of extra data
26 MP3 Audio Lossy Compression MP3 encoding process two-pass system Step 1 Run all psychoacoustic models, discarding data Then compress what's left to shrink storage space Step 2 Huffman coding, does not discard any data Lets you store what's left in a smaller amount of space Steps 2a - Break resulting audio stream into frames assembled into a bitstream, with header information preceding each data frame Headers contain "meta-data" specific to that frame Such as an ID, bitrate, audio frequency, padding, type of frame, MPEG1 or 2
27 Basic Structure of Audio Encoder Limit values to audible tones Note: A decoder works in just the opposite manner
28 Processes of and Audio Encoder Mapping Block divides audio inputs into 32 equalwidth frequency subbands (samples) Psychoacoustic Block calculates masking threshold for each subband
29 Processes of and Audio Encoder Bit-Allocation Block (in Quantizer block) allocates bits using outputs of the Mapping and Psychoacoustic blocks Quantizer & Coding Block scales and quantize (reduce) the samples Frame Packing Block formats the samples with headers into an encoded stream
30 Video Encoding, Standards
31 MPEG Organization Moving Picture Experts Group Established in 1988 Standards under International Organization for standardization (ISO) and International Electro technical Commission (IEC) Official name: ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29 WG11 Responsible for MPEG standards
32 Evolution of MPEG MPEG-1 Initial audio/video compression standard Used by VCD s 1990's MP3 = MPEG-1 audio layer 3 Target of 1.5 Mb/s bitrate at 352x240 resolution Only supports progressive pictures, no interlaced pictures
33 Evolution of MPEG MPEG-2 Current de facto standard, widely used in DVD and Digital TV Support in current hardware implies that it will be here for a long time Transition to HDTV has taken over 10 years and is not finished yet Different profiles and levels allow for quality control
34 Evolution of MPEG MPEG-3 Originally developed for HDTV, but abandoned when MPEG-2 was determined to be sufficient MPEG-4 Includes support for AV objects, 3D content, low bitrate encoding, and DRM In practice, provides equal quality to MPEG-2 at a lower bitrate, but often fails to deliver outright better quality MPEG-4 Part 10 is H.264, which is used in HD- DVD and Blu-Ray
35 MPEG technical specification Part 1 - Systems - describes synchronization and multiplexing of video and audio. Part 2 - Video - compression codec for interlaced and noninterlaced video signals. Part 3 - Audio - compression codec for perceptual coding of audio signals. A multichannel-enabled extension of MPEG-1 audio. Part 4 - Describes procedures for testing compliance. Part 5 - Describes systems for Software simulation. Part 6 - Describes extensions for DSM-CC (Digital Storage Media Command and Control.) Part 7 - Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) Part 8 - Deleted Part 9 - Extension for real time interfaces. Part 10 - Conformance extensions for DSM-CC.
36 MPEG Video spatial domain processing Spatial Domain Handled Similarly to JPEG Convert RGB values to YUV colorspace One Grey and two other color representations RGB from Television, YUV graphics processing Split frame into 8x8 blocks 2-D Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) on each block Similar to a Fourier Transform for Signal Processing Quantization of DCT coefficients Run length and entropy coding
37 DCT Transform on Blocks Reduction in Number of Bits Typical blocks from natural images, Distribution of coefficients is non-uniform The DCT has property that, for typical image, most of visually significant information about image is concentrated in just a few coefficients of DCT And many other coefficients are near-zero Near-zero coefficients are discarded!!! Remaining coefficients are quantized and Huffman coded Quantized Discrete values get rounded Huffman coding More frequent symbols represented with fewer bits
38 MPEG video time domain processing Totally new ballgame (this concept doesn t exist in JPEG) General idea Use motion vectors to specify how a 16x16 macroblock translates between reference frames and current frame, then code difference between reference and actual block
39 GOP (Group of Pictures) GOP is a set of consecutive frames that can be decoded without any other reference frames Usually 12 or 15 frames Starts with I frame
40 MPEG video time domain processing Group of Pictures (GOP) I-frames Can be reconstructed without any reference to other frames, like still pictures P-frames Forward predicted from last I-frame and P-frames, Code differences like movement Two to 4 frames in the future B-frames Forward and backward predicted
41 MPEG Processing GOP
42 MPEG GOP
43 Final Comments on Prediction Only use motion vector if a close match can be found Evaluate closeness with Mean Standard Error or other metric Can t search all possible blocks, so need a smart algorithm If no suitable match found, just code the macroblock as an I-block If a scene change is detected, start fresh Don t want too many P or B frames in a row Predictive error will keep propagating until next I frame Delay in decoding
44 MPEG-2 Usefulness Multimedia Communications Webcasting Broadcasting Video on Demand Interactive Digital Media Telecommunications Mobile communications
45 References Overviews of Codecs and Container Formats _containers.html?page=2 Ripping CD's and Encoding audio building-your-library/ Mp3 Audio Audio Streaming
46 Summary Video and audio has become a huge part of our daily interaction with the Internet New codecs and file formats being proposed all the time Number of devices with different needs driving the push for more efficient ways to compress and deliver streaming media
47 End Lab tomorrow Stay tuned, put it up today
48 1
49
50
51 Motivation, Why Compress? What does compression buy us? Lossless DVD video Mbps Compressed DVD video - 4 Mbps 50:1 compression ratio! 4
52 Why Compress? In a Nutshell To reduce the file size To deliver stream to the user To conserve storage space Choosing a compression rate is a balance: Quality of Available the Media bandwidth 5
53 So, Why Compress? Delivering video over Web means compromises Mostly trading image quality for lower bit rates In general, Video and audio are compressed Stuffed into a container and Delivered to you via web If done well, you won't notice The missing bits and The delivery of media Discuss individual format, codecs and tradeoffs 6
54
55
56
57 Container File Formats Purpose of container formats Examples Function as "black boxes" for holding a variety of media formats Good container formats can handle files compressed with a variety of different codecs In a perfect world, you could put any codec in any container format Unfortunately are some incompatibilities MPEG-2, Advanced Systems Format (ASF) from Microsoft, AVI, Quicktime (MOV), MP4, Flash (FLV) RealMedia 10
58 Multimedia Container Files Multimedia file extensions.mov,.ogg,.wmv,.flv,.mp4,.mpeg Essentially, videos are packaged Into encapsulation containers, or wrapper formats, that contain all information needed to present video You can think of file formats as being containers that hold all this information Very similar to a.zip,.sit or.rar file 11
59 Differences in Containers Why do you think certain formats are popular? Popular Support How widely supported is the format? File Size Larger is not better for streaming files Support for advanced codec functionality Older formats such as AVI do not support new codec features like B-frames or VBR audio Support for advanced content Such as chapters, subtitles, meta-tags, user-data. 12
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75 Mapping-divide into 32 subbands, or frequency samples Psychoacoustic- below which noise is imperceptible to the human ear (Map & Psycho can be done independently Bit-Allocation-total noise to mask ratios can be minimized, over all the channels and subbands Frame Packing header includes bit allocation and scaling information (scale factor) Quantizer & Coding scaled and quantized according to the bit allocation 28
76 Mapping-divide into 32 subbands, or frequency samples Psychoacoustic- below which noise is imperceptible to the human ear (Map & Psycho can be done independently Bit-Allocation-total noise to mask ratios can be minimized, over all the channels and subbands Frame Packing header includes bit allocation and scaling information (scale factor) Quantizer & Coding scaled and quantized according to the bit allocation 29
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84 37
85
86
87 The MPEG file consists of compressed video data, called the video stream. The basic unit of the video stream is a "Group of Pictures" (GOP), made up of three picture types, also called frames: I, P, and B. The I -frames can be restructured without any references to other frames. On average, the I -frames can occur one in every ten-fifteen frames of motion picture. This type of frames contains information only about itself. P -frames can only be recreated by references from previous I-frame or P-frame; it is impossible to construct them without any data of another frame. The B -frames are referred to as bi-directional frames, because they can be recreated based on forward and backward predictions from the information presented in the nearest preceding and following I or P frame. 40
88
89
90
91
92
93 Summary Video and audio has become a huge part of our daily interaction with the Internet New codecs and file formats being proposed all the time Number of devices with different needs driving the push for more efficient ways to compress and deliver streaming media 46
94
Video compression: Performance of available codec software
Video compression: Performance of available codec software Introduction. Digital Video A digital video is a collection of images presented sequentially to produce the effect of continuous motion. It takes
More informationFor Articulation Purpose Only
E305 Digital Audio and Video (4 Modular Credits) This document addresses the content related abilities, with reference to the module. Abilities of thinking, learning, problem solving, team work, communication,
More informationStudy and Implementation of Video Compression Standards (H.264/AVC and Dirac)
Project Proposal Study and Implementation of Video Compression Standards (H.264/AVC and Dirac) Sumedha Phatak-1000731131- sumedha.phatak@mavs.uta.edu Objective: A study, implementation and comparison of
More informationAUDIO CODING: BASICS AND STATE OF THE ART
AUDIO CODING: BASICS AND STATE OF THE ART PACS REFERENCE: 43.75.CD Brandenburg, Karlheinz Fraunhofer Institut Integrierte Schaltungen, Arbeitsgruppe Elektronische Medientechnolgie Am Helmholtzring 1 98603
More informationWhite paper. An explanation of video compression techniques.
White paper An explanation of video compression techniques. Table of contents 1. Introduction to compression techniques 4 2. Standardization organizations 4 3. Two basic standards: JPEG and MPEG 4 4. The
More informationFigure 1: Relation between codec, data containers and compression algorithms.
Video Compression Djordje Mitrovic University of Edinburgh This document deals with the issues of video compression. The algorithm, which is used by the MPEG standards, will be elucidated upon in order
More informationStudy and Implementation of Video Compression standards (H.264/AVC, Dirac)
Study and Implementation of Video Compression standards (H.264/AVC, Dirac) EE 5359-Multimedia Processing- Spring 2012 Dr. K.R Rao By: Sumedha Phatak(1000731131) Objective A study, implementation and comparison
More informationDigital Audio and Video Data
Multimedia Networking Reading: Sections 3.1.2, 3.3, 4.5, and 6.5 CS-375: Computer Networks Dr. Thomas C. Bressoud 1 Digital Audio and Video Data 2 Challenges for Media Streaming Large volume of data Each
More informationDigital Video: A Practical Guide
Digital Video: A Practical Guide Lucid Communications Ltd Prepared by Neil Turner January 2006 Document History Version Author Comments v1.0 Neil Turner Initial Release 1. Executive Summary From time to
More informationIntroduction to image coding
Introduction to image coding Image coding aims at reducing amount of data required for image representation, storage or transmission. This is achieved by removing redundant data from an image, i.e. by
More informationBest practices for producing quality digital video files
University of Michigan Deep Blue deepblue.lib.umich.edu 2011-03-09 Best practices for producing quality digital video files Formats Group, Deep Blue http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/83222 Best practices for
More informationDigital Audio Compression: Why, What, and How
Digital Audio Compression: Why, What, and How An Absurdly Short Course Jeff Bier Berkeley Design Technology, Inc. 2000 BDTI 1 Outline Why Compress? What is Audio Compression? How Does it Work? Conclusions
More informationCreating Content for ipod + itunes
apple Apple Education Creating Content for ipod + itunes This guide provides information about the file formats you can use when creating content compatible with itunes and ipod. This guide also covers
More informationJPEG Image Compression by Using DCT
International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering Open Access Research Paper Volume-4, Issue-4 E-ISSN: 2347-2693 JPEG Image Compression by Using DCT Sarika P. Bagal 1* and Vishal B. Raskar 2 1*
More informationWhite paper. H.264 video compression standard. New possibilities within video surveillance.
White paper H.264 video compression standard. New possibilities within video surveillance. Table of contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Development of H.264 3 3. How video compression works 4 4. H.264 profiles
More informationCompressing Moving Images. Compression and File Formats updated to include HTML5 video tag. The DV standard. Why and where to compress
Compressing Moving Images Compression and File Formats updated to include HTML5 video tag. Moving versus still images: Temporal as well as spatial compression Data transfer rates are critical How much
More informationMPEG Unified Speech and Audio Coding Enabling Efficient Coding of both Speech and Music
ISO/IEC MPEG USAC Unified Speech and Audio Coding MPEG Unified Speech and Audio Coding Enabling Efficient Coding of both Speech and Music The standardization of MPEG USAC in ISO/IEC is now in its final
More informationIntroduction to Digital Video
Introduction to Digital Video Significance of the topic With the increasing accessibility of technology for everyday people, things are starting to get digitalized: digital camera, digital cable, digital
More informationencoding compression encryption
encoding compression encryption ASCII utf-8 utf-16 zip mpeg jpeg AES RSA diffie-hellman Expressing characters... ASCII and Unicode, conventions of how characters are expressed in bits. ASCII (7 bits) -
More informationManaging video content in DAM How digital asset management software can improve your brands use of video assets
1 Managing Video Content in DAM Faster connection speeds and improved hardware have helped to greatly increase the popularity of online video. The result is that video content increasingly accounts for
More informationQuality Estimation for Scalable Video Codec. Presented by Ann Ukhanova (DTU Fotonik, Denmark) Kashaf Mazhar (KTH, Sweden)
Quality Estimation for Scalable Video Codec Presented by Ann Ukhanova (DTU Fotonik, Denmark) Kashaf Mazhar (KTH, Sweden) Purpose of scalable video coding Multiple video streams are needed for heterogeneous
More informationATLAS.ti 6 Using Video Data
ATLAS.ti 6 Using Video Data ATLAS.ti 6 Using Video Data Copyright 2011 by ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH, Berlin. All rights reserved. Version: 7.20111212 Author: Clemens Hoffmann, Editor:
More informationAudio Coding Algorithm for One-Segment Broadcasting
Audio Coding Algorithm for One-Segment Broadcasting V Masanao Suzuki V Yasuji Ota V Takashi Itoh (Manuscript received November 29, 2007) With the recent progress in coding technologies, a more efficient
More informationHow To Compare Video Resolution To Video On A Computer Or Tablet Or Ipad Or Ipa Or Ipo Or Ipom Or Iporom Or A Tv Or Ipro Or Ipot Or A Computer (Or A Tv) Or A Webcam Or
Whitepaper: The H.264 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) Standard What It Means to Web Camera Performance Introduction A new generation of webcams is hitting the market that makes video conferencing a more lifelike
More informationImage Compression through DCT and Huffman Coding Technique
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 4106, P-ISSN 2347 5161 2015 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Research Article Rahul
More informationUnderstanding HD: Frame Rates, Color & Compression
Understanding HD: Frame Rates, Color & Compression HD Format Breakdown An HD Format Describes (in no particular order) Resolution Frame Rate Bit Rate Color Space Bit Depth Color Model / Color Gamut Color
More informationVideo Coding Standards. Yao Wang Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY11201 yao@vision.poly.edu
Video Coding Standards Yao Wang Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY11201 yao@vision.poly.edu Yao Wang, 2003 EE4414: Video Coding Standards 2 Outline Overview of Standards and Their Applications ITU-T
More informationApplication Note. Introduction. Video Basics. Contents. IP Video Encoding Explained Series Understanding IP Video Performance.
Title Overview IP Video Encoding Explained Series Understanding IP Video Performance Date September 2012 (orig. May 2008) IP networks are increasingly used to deliver video services for entertainment,
More informationBandwidth Adaptation for MPEG-4 Video Streaming over the Internet
DICTA2002: Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications, 21--22 January 2002, Melbourne, Australia Bandwidth Adaptation for MPEG-4 Video Streaming over the Internet K. Ramkishor James. P. Mammen
More informationIMPACT OF COMPRESSION ON THE VIDEO QUALITY
IMPACT OF COMPRESSION ON THE VIDEO QUALITY Miroslav UHRINA 1, Jan HLUBIK 1, Martin VACULIK 1 1 Department Department of Telecommunications and Multimedia, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University
More informationClasses of multimedia Applications
Classes of multimedia Applications Streaming Stored Audio and Video Streaming Live Audio and Video Real-Time Interactive Audio and Video Others Class: Streaming Stored Audio and Video The multimedia content
More informationVideo Coding Basics. Yao Wang Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY11201 yao@vision.poly.edu
Video Coding Basics Yao Wang Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY11201 yao@vision.poly.edu Outline Motivation for video coding Basic ideas in video coding Block diagram of a typical video codec Different
More informationIntroduzione alle Biblioteche Digitali Audio/Video
Introduzione alle Biblioteche Digitali Audio/Video Biblioteche Digitali 1 Gestione del video Perchè è importante poter gestire biblioteche digitali di audiovisivi Caratteristiche specifiche dell audio/video
More informationSTUDY OF MUTUAL INFORMATION IN PERCEPTUAL CODING WITH APPLICATION FOR LOW BIT-RATE COMPRESSION
STUDY OF MUTUAL INFORMATION IN PERCEPTUAL CODING WITH APPLICATION FOR LOW BIT-RATE COMPRESSION Adiel Ben-Shalom, Michael Werman School of Computer Science Hebrew University Jerusalem, Israel. {chopin,werman}@cs.huji.ac.il
More informationCase Study: Real-Time Video Quality Monitoring Explored
1566 La Pradera Dr Campbell, CA 95008 www.videoclarity.com 408-379-6952 Case Study: Real-Time Video Quality Monitoring Explored Bill Reckwerdt, CTO Video Clarity, Inc. Version 1.0 A Video Clarity Case
More informationVOD Encoder Fast HIDef Video Encoding
VOD Encoder Fast HIDef Video Encoding 1 What is VOD Encoder? VOD Encoder is the application which converts all high quality files into.mp4 or.flv videos or into HTML5/Mobile compatible files (mp4 and webm)
More informationQuick start guide! Terri Meyer Boake
Film Editing Tutorial Quick start guide! Terri Meyer Boake 1. Preparing yourself and your files: This information is valid for all film editing software: FCP, Premiere (the version of FC being used is
More informationVideo compression. Contents. Some helpful concepts.
Video compression. Uncompressed video is extremely large, which makes it hard to store and move. In most cases we compress video to manage it. The amount of compression depends on the task at hand. Contents
More information!"#$"%&' What is Multimedia?
What is Multimedia? %' A Big Umbrella Goal of This Course Understand various aspects of a modern multimedia pipeline Content creating, editing Distribution Search & mining Protection Hands-on experience
More informationUnderstanding Compression Technologies for HD and Megapixel Surveillance
When the security industry began the transition from using VHS tapes to hard disks for video surveillance storage, the question of how to compress and store video became a top consideration for video surveillance
More informationhttp://www.springer.com/0-387-23402-0
http://www.springer.com/0-387-23402-0 Chapter 2 VISUAL DATA FORMATS 1. Image and Video Data Digital visual data is usually organised in rectangular arrays denoted as frames, the elements of these arrays
More informationH.264/MPEG-4 AVC Video Compression Tutorial
Introduction The upcoming H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video compression standard promises a significant improvement over all previous video compression standards. In terms of coding efficiency, the new standard is
More informationComparison of different image compression formats. ECE 533 Project Report Paula Aguilera
Comparison of different image compression formats ECE 533 Project Report Paula Aguilera Introduction: Images are very important documents nowadays; to work with them in some applications they need to be
More informationVideo Coding Technologies and Standards: Now and Beyond
Hitachi Review Vol. 55 (Mar. 2006) 11 Video Coding Technologies and Standards: Now and Beyond Tomokazu Murakami Hiroaki Ito Muneaki Yamaguchi Yuichiro Nakaya, Ph.D. OVERVIEW: Video coding technology compresses
More informationVideo and Audio Codecs: How Morae Uses Them
Video and Audio Codecs: How Morae Uses Them What is a Codec? Codec is an acronym that stands for "compressor/decompressor." A codec is an algorithm a specialized computer program that compresses data when
More informationMMGD0203 Multimedia Design MMGD0203 MULTIMEDIA DESIGN. Chapter 3 Graphics and Animations
MMGD0203 MULTIMEDIA DESIGN Chapter 3 Graphics and Animations 1 Topics: Definition of Graphics Why use Graphics? Graphics Categories Graphics Qualities File Formats Types of Graphics Graphic File Size Introduction
More information4 Digital Video Signal According to ITU-BT.R.601 (CCIR 601) 43
Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Analog Television 7 3 The MPEG Data Stream 11 3.1 The Packetized Elementary Stream (PES) 13 3.2 The MPEG-2 Transport Stream Packet.. 17 3.3 Information for the Receiver
More informationVideo Encoding Best Practices
Video Encoding Best Practices SAFARI Montage Creation Station and Managed Home Access Introduction This document provides recommended settings and instructions to prepare user-created video for use with
More informationAny Video Converter Professional User Manual 1. Any Video Converter Professional. User Manual
Any Video Converter Professional User Manual 1 Any Video Converter Professional User Manual Any Video Converter Professional User Manual 2 1. Welcome to Any Video Converter Professional...3 1.1 Main Window
More informationCompression Workshop. notes. The Illities. Richard Harrington. With RICHARD HARRINGTON
Richard Harrington Richard Harrington is a certified Project Management Professional, Adobe Certified Expert in Photoshop and After Effects, and Apple-certified instructor in Final Cut Pro. Additionally,
More informationOptimizing BrightSign Video Quality
Optimizing BrightSign Video Quality The BrightSign "compact" models are capable of producing excellent high quality High Definition video output. However, video quality can be reduced if a system isn't
More informationThe Theory Behind Mp3
The Theory Behind Mp3 Rassol Raissi December 2002 Abstract Since the MPEG-1 Layer III encoding technology is nowadays widely used it might be interesting to gain knowledge of how this powerful compression/decompression
More informationhigh-quality surround sound at stereo bit-rates
FRAUNHOFER Institute For integrated circuits IIS MPEG Surround high-quality surround sound at stereo bit-rates Benefits exciting new next generation services MPEG Surround enables new services such as
More informationHow To Test Video Quality With Real Time Monitor
White Paper Real Time Monitoring Explained Video Clarity, Inc. 1566 La Pradera Dr Campbell, CA 95008 www.videoclarity.com 408-379-6952 Version 1.0 A Video Clarity White Paper page 1 of 7 Real Time Monitor
More informationConceptual Framework Strategies for Image Compression: A Review
International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering Open Access Review Paper Volume-4, Special Issue-1 E-ISSN: 2347-2693 Conceptual Framework Strategies for Image Compression: A Review Sumanta Lal
More informationDAB + The additional audio codec in DAB
DAB + The additional audio codec in DAB 2007 Contents Why DAB + Features of DAB + Possible scenarios with DAB + Comparison of DAB + and DMB for radio services Performance of DAB + Status of standardisation
More informationCHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
11 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION Image compression is mainly used to reduce storage space, transmission time and bandwidth requirements. In the subsequent sections of this chapter, general
More informationH 261. Video Compression 1: H 261 Multimedia Systems (Module 4 Lesson 2) H 261 Coding Basics. Sources: Summary:
Video Compression : 6 Multimedia Systems (Module Lesson ) Summary: 6 Coding Compress color motion video into a low-rate bit stream at following resolutions: QCIF (76 x ) CIF ( x 88) Inter and Intra Frame
More informationVideo-Conferencing System
Video-Conferencing System Evan Broder and C. Christoher Post Introductory Digital Systems Laboratory November 2, 2007 Abstract The goal of this project is to create a video/audio conferencing system. Video
More informationAudio Coding, Psycho- Accoustic model and MP3
INF5081: Multimedia Coding and Applications Audio Coding, Psycho- Accoustic model and MP3, NR Torbjørn Ekman, Ifi Nils Christophersen, Ifi Sverre Holm, Ifi What is Sound? Sound waves: 20Hz - 20kHz Speed:
More informationVideo Encryption Exploiting Non-Standard 3D Data Arrangements. Stefan A. Kramatsch, Herbert Stögner, and Andreas Uhl uhl@cosy.sbg.ac.
Video Encryption Exploiting Non-Standard 3D Data Arrangements Stefan A. Kramatsch, Herbert Stögner, and Andreas Uhl uhl@cosy.sbg.ac.at Andreas Uhl 1 Carinthia Tech Institute & Salzburg University Outline
More informationDigital Video Architectures Compared: QuickTime, Real System, and Windows Media
Digital Video Architectures Compared: QuickTime, Real System, and Windows Media Introduction: Technology has come a long way in the last ten years. In the early days of the Internet, we waited patiently
More informationPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VIDEO FORMATS ENCODING IN CLOUD ENVIRONMENT
Suresh Gyan Vihar University Journal of Engineering & Technology (An International Bi Annual Journal) Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2015, pp 1 5 ISSN: 2395 0196 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VIDEO FORMATS ENCODING IN CLOUD
More informationA HIGH PERFORMANCE SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF MPEG AUDIO ENCODER. Figure 1. Basic structure of an encoder.
A HIGH PERFORMANCE SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF MPEG AUDIO ENCODER Manoj Kumar 1 Mohammad Zubair 1 1 IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Hgts, NY, USA ABSTRACT The MPEG/Audio is a standard for both
More informationComputer Networks and Internets, 5e Chapter 6 Information Sources and Signals. Introduction
Computer Networks and Internets, 5e Chapter 6 Information Sources and Signals Modified from the lecture slides of Lami Kaya (LKaya@ieee.org) for use CECS 474, Fall 2008. 2009 Pearson Education Inc., Upper
More informationStatistical Modeling of Huffman Tables Coding
Statistical Modeling of Huffman Tables Coding S. Battiato 1, C. Bosco 1, A. Bruna 2, G. Di Blasi 1, G.Gallo 1 1 D.M.I. University of Catania - Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy {battiato, bosco,
More informationOverview: Video Coding Standards
Overview: Video Coding Standards Video coding standards: applications and common structure Relevant standards organizations ITU-T Rec. H.261 ITU-T Rec. H.263 ISO/IEC MPEG-1 ISO/IEC MPEG-2 ISO/IEC MPEG-4
More informationPRODUCING DV VIDEO WITH PREMIERE & QUICKTIME
This article contains guidelines and advice on producing DV video for the screen using a DV camcorder, Adobe Premiere and QuickTime. PRODUCING DV VIDEO WITH PREMIERE & QUICKTIME PRODUCING DV VIDEO WITH
More informationA Comparison of the ATRAC and MPEG-1 Layer 3 Audio Compression Algorithms Christopher Hoult, 18/11/2002 University of Southampton
A Comparison of the ATRAC and MPEG-1 Layer 3 Audio Compression Algorithms Christopher Hoult, 18/11/2002 University of Southampton Abstract This paper intends to give the reader some insight into the workings
More informationRecommended codecs: MJPEG, Apple ProRes, H264 (bitrate if possible) > 2MBit/s and uncompressed (very large file)
How to prepare a film file for the upload Technical Sepcifications Accepted formats:.mp[e]g /.vob /.avi /.mov /.mp4 (m4v) Recommended codecs: MJPEG, Apple ProRes, H264 (bitrate if possible) > 2MBit/s and
More informationUsing AVC/H.264 and H.265 expertise to boost MPEG-2 efficiency and make the 6-in-6 concept a reality
Using AVC/H.264 and H.265 expertise to boost MPEG-2 efficiency and make the 6-in-6 concept a reality A Technical Paper prepared for the Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers By Anais Painchault
More informationADVANTAGES OF AV OVER IP. EMCORE Corporation
ADVANTAGES OF AV OVER IP More organizations than ever before are looking for cost-effective ways to distribute large digital communications files. One of the best ways to achieve this is with an AV over
More informationPreservation Handbook
Preservation Handbook Digital Audio Author Gareth Knight & John McHugh Version 1 Date 25 July 2005 Change History Page 1 of 8 Definition Sound in its original state is a series of air vibrations (compressions
More informationCM0340 SOLNS. Do not turn this page over until instructed to do so by the Senior Invigilator.
CARDIFF UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION PAPER Academic Year: 2008/2009 Examination Period: Examination Paper Number: Examination Paper Title: SOLUTIONS Duration: Autumn CM0340 SOLNS Multimedia 2 hours Do not turn
More informationModule 8 VIDEO CODING STANDARDS. Version 2 ECE IIT, Kharagpur
Module 8 VIDEO CODING STANDARDS Version ECE IIT, Kharagpur Lesson H. andh.3 Standards Version ECE IIT, Kharagpur Lesson Objectives At the end of this lesson the students should be able to :. State the
More informationMPEG-4. The new standard for multimedia on the Internet, powered by QuickTime. What Is MPEG-4?
The new standard for multimedia on the Internet, powered by QuickTime. is the new worldwide standard for interactive multimedia creation, delivery, and playback for the Internet. What MPEG-1 and its delivery
More informationWorkshop Mediaformats for the Eminent mediaplayers
Workshop Mediaformats for the Eminent mediaplayers Workshop mediaformats 2 ENGLISH Table of contents 1.0 Introduction... 2 2.0 Supported resolutions... 2 2.1 Common HD information... 3 2.2 How does the
More informationDigital terrestrial television broadcasting Audio coding
Digital terrestrial television broadcasting Audio coding Televisão digital terrestre Codificação de vídeo, áudio e multiplexação Parte 2: Codificação de áudio Televisión digital terrestre Codificación
More informationProactive Video Assurance through QoE and QoS Correlation
A Complete Approach for Quality and Service Assurance W H I T E P A P E R Introduction Video service providers implement new technologies to maximize the quality and diversity of their entertainment program
More informationReading.. IMAGE COMPRESSION- I IMAGE COMPRESSION. Image compression. Data Redundancy. Lossy vs Lossless Compression. Chapter 8.
Reading.. IMAGE COMPRESSION- I Week VIII Feb 25 Chapter 8 Sections 8.1, 8.2 8.3 (selected topics) 8.4 (Huffman, run-length, loss-less predictive) 8.5 (lossy predictive, transform coding basics) 8.6 Image
More informationIntroduction to Medical Image Compression Using Wavelet Transform
National Taiwan University Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering Time Frequency Analysis and Wavelet Transform Term Paper Introduction to Medical Image Compression Using Wavelet Transform 李 自
More informationTechnical Paper. Dolby Digital Plus Audio Coding
Technical Paper Dolby Digital Plus Audio Coding Dolby Digital Plus is an advanced, more capable digital audio codec based on the Dolby Digital (AC-3) system that was introduced first for use on 35 mm theatrical
More informationStandard encoding protocols for image and video coding
International Telecommunication Union Standard encoding protocols for image and video coding Dave Lindbergh Polycom Inc. Rapporteur, ITU-T Q.E/16 (Media Coding) Workshop on Standardization in E-health
More informationComparison of Video Compression Standards
Comparison of Video Compression Standards S. Ponlatha and R. S. Sabeenian Abstract In order to ensure compatibility among video codecs from different manufacturers and applications and to simplify the
More informationHow to use Adobe Media Encoder CS6
How to use Adobe Media Encoder CS6 Adobe Media Encoder CS6 converts sequences and clips into media suited for distribution on the web or on DVDs, ipods, tablets, cell phones, and other mobile devices.
More informationData Storage 3.1. Foundations of Computer Science Cengage Learning
3 Data Storage 3.1 Foundations of Computer Science Cengage Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, the student should be able to: List five different data types used in a computer. Describe how
More informationComputers Are Your Future Eleventh Edition Chapter 5: Application Software: Tools for Productivity
Computers Are Your Future Eleventh Edition Chapter 5: Application Software: Tools for Productivity Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 All rights reserved. No part of this
More information8 Commercial Streaming Systems An Overview
8 Commercial Streaming Systems An Overview 8.1 RealNetworks 8.2 Apple QuickTime 8.3 Windows Media Literature: Tobias Künkel: Streaming Media Technologien, Standards, Anwendungen, Addison-Wesley 2001 David
More informationData Storage. Chapter 3. Objectives. 3-1 Data Types. Data Inside the Computer. After studying this chapter, students should be able to:
Chapter 3 Data Storage Objectives After studying this chapter, students should be able to: List five different data types used in a computer. Describe how integers are stored in a computer. Describe how
More informationIntroduction and Comparison of Common Videoconferencing Audio Protocols I. Digital Audio Principles
Introduction and Comparison of Common Videoconferencing Audio Protocols I. Digital Audio Principles Sound is an energy wave with frequency and amplitude. Frequency maps the axis of time, and amplitude
More informationMedia Object Production - Hardware and Software Tools
Lesson 8 Media Object Production - Hardware and Software Tools Concept of Media Object Production Process of CM Media Object Production Audio Production Video Production - Capturing - Editing - Compressing
More informationDolby Vision for the Home
Dolby Vision for the Home 1 WHAT IS DOLBY VISION? Dolby Vision transforms the way you experience movies, TV shows, and games with incredible brightness, contrast, and color that bring entertainment to
More informationPower Benefits Using Intel Quick Sync Video H.264 Codec With Sorenson Squeeze
Power Benefits Using Intel Quick Sync Video H.264 Codec With Sorenson Squeeze Whitepaper December 2012 Anita Banerjee Contents Introduction... 3 Sorenson Squeeze... 4 Intel QSV H.264... 5 Power Performance...
More informationREIHE INFORMATIK 7/98 Efficient Video Transport over Lossy Networks Christoph Kuhmünch and Gerald Kühne Universität Mannheim Praktische Informatik IV
REIHE INFORMATIK 7/98 Efficient Video Transport over Lossy Networks Christoph Kuhmünch and Gerald Kühne Universität Mannheim Praktische Informatik IV L15, 16 D-68131 Mannheim Efficient Video Transport
More informationSolomon Systech Image Processor for Car Entertainment Application
Company: Author: Piony Yeung Title: Technical Marketing Engineer Introduction Mobile video has taken off recently as a fun, viable, and even necessary addition to in-car entertainment. Several new SUV
More informationDevelop Computer Animation
Name: Block: A. Introduction 1. Animation simulation of movement created by rapidly displaying images or frames. Relies on persistence of vision the way our eyes retain images for a split second longer
More informationbalesio Native Format Optimization Technology (NFO)
balesio AG balesio Native Format Optimization Technology (NFO) White Paper Abstract balesio provides the industry s most advanced technology for unstructured data optimization, providing a fully system-independent
More informationA Brief History of Video Coding
A Brief History of Video Coding Marco Jacobs and Jonah Probell ARC International {marco.jacobs, jonah.probell}@arc.com Almost everyone in the industrialized world uses video compression many times each
More informationEE3414 Multimedia Communication Systems Part I
EE3414 Multimedia Communication Systems Part I Spring 2003 Lecture 1 Yao Wang Electrical and Computer Engineering Polytechnic University Course Overview A University Sequence Course in Multimedia Communication
More information