Last Name: First Name: Period: Atoms and the Periodic Table Note Taking Guide

Transcription

1 Last Name: First Name: Period: Atoms and the Periodic Table Note Taking Guide

2 Class Name Physical Science ATOMS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE LEARNING TARGETS Power Standard UTILIZE THE PERIODIC TABLE AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL TOOL FOR DESCRIBING AND EXPLAINING ATOMIC STRUCTURE Knowledge Targets What I need to know! Reasoning Targets What I can do with what I know. Skill Targets What I can demonstrate. Product Targets What I can make to show my learning. I can define the terms nucleus and electron cloud according to relative location, comparative mass, volume and density, charge, and particles contained I can define the terms proton, neutron and electron according to location, mass, charge and function. I can define the term valence electron, and can explain that the likelihood of locating an electron a specified distance from the nucleus is related to the amount of energy it has. I can define the terms group / family and period and I can use these features of the periodic table to describe the energy levels and valence electrons of an atom of any element. I can equate the mass number with the most common isotope for an element, the mass of the nucleus, and the combined number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. I can explain the atomic mass as a decimal number is a weighted average for all the isotopes of a given element. I can locate and use the atomic number to determine the number of protons and electrons for an atom of any element and I can use that information to infer that basic atoms are neutral. I can locate and use the atomic mass to calculate the mass number in order to determine the number of neutrons for an atom of any element. I can use the group / family number of an element to determine its oxidation number and I can use the oxidation number to determine what an element would do with its valence electrons in order to achieve a full outer energy level. I can make a model of the atom I can make a periodic table by organizing elements by their atomic number and properties Day One Bell Work

3 Atoms are made of three types of subatomic particles. Protons have a +1 charge and are located in the nucleus. Neutrons have no charge and are located in the nucleus. Electrons have a negative charge and are located in the electron cloud. Color the proton red, the neutron blue and the electron yellow - + Draw and atom with 3 protons and 4 neutrons in the nucleus and 3 electrons in the electron cloud.

4 Atomic Structure: Episode 302 Objectives:

5 Nucleons- in the of Atomic Number- of _ in the of an Neutral atom- # of _ (+) = # of (-) Isotope- of an that have of. Isotopes of Hydrogen Hydrogen-1 proton and _ neutrons Hydrogen-2 proton and _ neutrons Hydrogen-3 proton and _ neutrons Mass Number- _ number of and in an. Example: Carbon-14 _ Neon-20 Particle Charge Mass Location Proton Neutron Electron Atomic Mass- of the _ of all the element s _

6 Subatomic Particles # of protons = _ # of electrons = # of neutrons = _ - _ iron: 26 Fe 55.8 protons electrons neutrons oxygen-17: 8 O protons electrons neutrons 4 2 He protons electrons neutrons

7 Chemistry Quiz: Episode 302 Name CR1. Which of the following is a hypothesis? a. The chair is blue. b. The chair is made of wood. c. The chair will burn. d. The chair has four legs. CR2. The control group is: a. The group that is exposed to the independent variable. b. The group that is manipulated or changed c. The group that you measure. d. The group that is not exposed to the independent variable. 1. What is the term used to collectively describe protons and neutrons? a. neutrinos b. quarks c. nucleons d. mesons 2. What particles are responsible for nearly all the mass of the atom? a. the protons and electrons b. the protons and neutrons c. the neutrons and electrons d. the electrons 3. What identifies an element? a. the atomic number b. the mass number c. the atomic mass d. the number of neutrons 4. An atom is neutral because it has the same number of protons as it has: a. electrons. b. neutrons. c. neither...an atom isn't neutral! 5. In order, how many protons, electrons, and neutrons does this isotope of oxygen have? ( 18 O ) 8 a. 8, 8, 18 b. 18, 18, 8 c. 8, 8, 10 d. 8, 8, 8 4.2

8 Worksheet: Atomic Structure Name _ Use your notes from the Atomic Structure program to answer the following questions. 1. The atomic number tells the number of positively charged in the nucleus of an atom. The atom is _ because this is also the number of charged _ in the atom. 2. The mass number tells the total number of _ and _ in the nucleus of an atom. These particles collectively are called since both are located in the nucleus. 3. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of _ which results in different numbers. 4. Write the hyphen notation of the three isotopes of hydrogen: a. b. c. 5. Fill in the following chart (Hint: Isotopes may have different masses than the periodic table lists!): Symbol Atomic # Mass # # of protons # of electrons # of neutrons Hg Mo C Pb Na

9 Atomic Structure Worksheet Fill in the blanks for the elements in this chart. Atomic Mass Number of Element Number Number Protons Lithium-7 Number of Neutrons Number of Electrons Carbon-12 Chlorine-37 Silver-108 Lead-207 Calcium-40 tantalum radium samarium uranium americium lawrencium 4.4

10 Note Taking Guide: Episode 401 Name _ Objectives: 4.5

11 Dmitri Mendeleev: arranged elements by _. predicted _ of missing. Henry Moseley: discovered that each has a unique _. arranged elements by _. now all elements fit into place based on properties Modern Periodic Law: Properties of elements when elements are arranged by _. Questions about the extended periodic table: Why do you think these elements get pulled out? Which element is in a different column than we are used to? What happens to the number of the energy level as you begin each new row? What is the similar characteristic in each column? 4.6

12 Elements in the same column: have similar. have same number of _. have similar. Electron distribution for Ne: Kr: Noble Gases: have _ outer _. have valence. are. 4.2

13 CR1 Label the box below (4 pts) Copper Cu 29 CR2. Rubidium ( Rb ) has an isotope which contains 48 neutrons and another isotope that contains 49 neutrons. Which of these two isotopes is most common? How do you know? 1. Mendeleev arranged the elements by increasing atomic: a. number. b. mass. c. theory. 2. A few elements were out of place on Mendeleev s periodic table. Name the scientist who put them in the right place. a. Mendeleev b. Democritus c. Moseley d. Dalton 3. Hydrogen and Helium have the same number of valence electrons. a. true b. false 4. What is it about the elements in a column of the periodic table that makes them behave similarly? a. atomic number b. atomic mass c. valence electrons d. energy levels 5. List all of the noble gases. 4.2

14 Worksheet: Introduction to the Periodic Table Name _ Fill in the correct name Mendeleev or Moseley to complete each of the following statements. _ predicted properties for elements missing from his periodic table. _ discovered that each element has a unique atomic number. _ arranged elements according to atomic number. _ arranged elements according to atomic mass. _ had some elements out of place. _ placed all elements in the right place according to properties. State the Modern Periodic Law. What property is identical to the elements in each column of the periodic table? 4.2

15 Note Taking Guide: Episode 402 Name _ Objectives: 4.2

16 Period: on _ tells _. Family: on the _. For columns 1-2 and 13-18, the number in the one s place represents number of _. Metalloids: have properties of both _ and. border _ line (except Al, which is a ). 4.2

17 Blank Periodic Table 4.9

18 Chemistry Quiz: Episode 402 Name _ CR1 Which of the following is a conclusion? a. The moon orbits around the earth b. The moon is a satellite c. Did the moon form from the earth? d. The moon has different phases CR2 What is it about the elements in a row of the periodic table that makes them similar? a. atomic number b. atomic mass c. valence electrons d. energy levels 1. How many energy levels does an atom of oxygen have? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d How many valence electrons does an atom of oxygen have? a. 5 b. 6 c. 7 d Is oxygen a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid? a. metal b. nonmetal c. metalloid 4. What phase of matter is oxygen at room temperature? a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. plasma 5. What is the nuclear symbol for Oxygen

19 Worksheet: Periodic Table Puzzles Name _ Fictitious symbols are used for the first 18 elements in the periodic table. Use the clues below to write the fictitious symbol in the appropriate spot on the periodic table provided. Symbols for real elements do not represent those elements. HINT: You do not have to complete each clue in order Clue 1 Clue 2 Clue 3 Clue 4 Clue 5 Clue 6 Clue 7 Clue 8 Clue 9 Clue 10 Clue 11 U and J are alkali metals. J has more energy levels. T has 4 valence electrons on the 3 rd energy level. M is a metal in period 3 with 2 valence electrons. X has one proton in its nucleus. Q has 2 energy levels, is a nonmetal, and is a solid at room temperature. L is a noble gas that doesn t have 8 valence electrons. Z and Y are members of the nitrogen family. Y is a gas at room temperature. D has an ending electron distribution of s 2 p 5. R has an ending electron distribution of s 2. G has 6 valence electrons. V and W have full outer energy levels. V has 3 energy levels. A atoms have 3 valence electrons and E atoms have 6 valence electrons. Both are in the second period. Clue 12 K has one fewer total electrons than V. Clue 13 I has 3 valence electrons on the third energy level. Fictitious symbols are used for the first 18 elements in the periodic table. Use the clues below to write the fictitious symbol in the appropriate spot on the periodic table provided

20 HINT: You do not have to complete each clue in order Clue 1 Clue 2 Clue 3 Clue 4 Clue 5 Clue 6 Clue 7 Clue 8 Clue 9 Clue 10 Clue 11 Clue 12 Lg has 5 valence electrons on the second period. Eg atoms have 12 protons in the nucleus. Qp and Ju are halogens. Ju has fewer energy levels. Ke is a member of the oxygen family. Ke is in the same period as Lg. Gn is a member of the nitrogen family. Rm and Sk have 3 valence electrons. Rm has more occupied energy levels than Sk. Td and Vo are metals in the same family. Vo has 2 energy levels and Td has 3 energy levels. Wa is a member of the alkaline earth metals. Zy has an ending electron distribution of 3p 4. An has 18 total electrons. Ms is a nonmetal located on the side of the periodic table with all of the metals. Bx atoms and Oz atoms are stable. Oz atoms are heavier than Bx atoms. Ds and Cy are members of the carbon family. Ds has fewer protons than Cy