APPLICATIONS OF NMR MEASUREMENTS FOR PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION OF LOW-RESISTIVITY PAY ZONES
|
|
- Osborne Watkins
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 APPLICATIONS OF NMR MEASUREMENTS FOR PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION OF LOW-RESISTIVITY PAY ZONES Gary M. Ostroff* and David S. Shorey, Baker Atlas, Division of Baker Hughes, Houston, Texas USA Introduction The identification and petrophysical quantification of low-resistivity pay has historically been one of our most serious formation evaluation challenges. The causes of low-resistivity pay include: Thinly bedded sand-shale sequences with reservoir bed thickness less than the vertical resolution of the resistivity tool. The tool measurement volumetrically averages sand and shale conductivities, resulting in resistivity bias to the high conductivity shale beds. Thus the computed apparent high bulk water saturations are not representative of the reservoir layers. Low resistivity reflects high capillary-bound (or irreducible) water resulting from small pores, typically associated with fine grained rock fabrics. The computed apparent high water saturations may be accurate, but the water is entirely immobile and the reservoir will produce hydrocarbons without any water-cut. Dispersed clay provides an additional conductive pathway through the pore system, adding conductivity (reducing resistivity) via cationic exchange mechanism, and increasing the pore surface area and irreducible film water. Electrical properties of reservoir can be severely affected, and if not properly accounted for, the computed apparent water saturation values will be too high. Apparent high water saturation values, typically computed for low-resistivity pay zones, can obscure the true hydrocarbon potential and result in commercially viable productive intervals being bypassed. Pore volumetrics, rock volumetric, permeability, and electrical properties data derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs can significantly improve our ability to identify and evaluate these low-resistivity reservoirs. These data, combined with conventional porosity and resistivity data provide more robust water saturations and more complete reservoir descriptions for improved accuracy of reserve estimates and productivity predictions, while minimizing the possibility of bypassed pay. Pore volumetrics Unlike conventional porosity measurements (neutron, density and acoustic), NMR porosity is lithology independent. Additionally, analysis of the T 2 distribution, derived from inversion of NMR echo measurements provides a subdivision of the NMR total porosity into volumetric components of clay bound water (CBW), capillary-bound water (BVI) and free-fluid or bulk volume moveable (BVM). The free-fluid volume (BVM) is equal to the hydrocarbon storage capacity of the reservoir and stems exclusively from the reservoir layers as illustrated at right in figure 1. When hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs are at Vertical irreducible water saturation, the measured BVM Tool is equal to the hydrocarbon pore volume of the Resolution Sand Shale T 2 Cutoff reservoirs. In thinly bedded, laminated BVI BVM sequences, where resistivity-based water saturation analysis is problematic, the NMR T 2 [ms] free-fluid volume (BVM) can be integrated over the sequence to quantify the total hydrocarbon pore volume independent of resistivity. Figure 1. NMR tool response in laminated sequence Incremental
2 High capillary bound (irreducible) water is a frequent cause of low resistivity in many hydrocarbon-bearing shaly-sand reservoirs that exhibit water free production. The integration of NMR-derived capillary bound water data with resistivity-derived water data provides a means to identify low resistivity pay. Moveable water in the formation can be quantified from comparison of resistivity-derived water saturation (Sw) with NMR-derived capillary-bound water saturation (Swir). Water-free production is predicted when Sw equals Swir. Conversely, when Sw is greater than Swir, water-cut may be expected. Rock Resistivity & Fluid Saturation Pore T2 Spectra GR, SP & Caliper Resistivity Neu. & Den. Porosity Fluid Saturations Pore G/W Contact? O/W Contact? Transition Zones? O/W Contact? Figure 2. Conventional Log Analysis In the log example of Figure 2, dramatic variations in resistivity and computed Sw suggest segregated reservoir units, multiple hydrocarbonwater contacts and transition zones based strictly on conventional log interpretation. After integration of the NMR log data (Figure 3), only one hydrocarbon-water contact is interpreted. Above a short transition zone, the reservoir is at an irreducible water saturation (Swir) condition. Variations in the magnitude of Swir (as a function of pore size and grain size) explain the observed anomalies in the resistivity response. In the log example of Figure 4, the bottom interval showing very low resistivities was originally not considered to meet net pay thresholds based on a conventional log analysis. An integrated NMR-resistivity interpretation subsequently confirmed that the very low resistivities observed in the bottom interval (which tested water-free at ) were simply due to the presence of high capillarybound (immobile) water, reflecting the very finegrained fabric of this prolific sandstone reservoir. Figure 3. Fully Integrated Log Analysis with NMR 0 GR (api) Rxo SP (mv) Medium Resistivity Deep Resistivity 20 2 (md) Density Porosity 0 60 NMR Effective Porosity 0 60 Neutron Porosity 0 Free Water Water-Free Hydrocarbons Immobile Water Figure 4. Low-Resistivity Water-Free Production
3 NMR APPLICATIONS FOR PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION OF LOW-RESISTIVITY PAY MPHE (%) MPHE (%) Shale & sand volumetric distribution Dispersed Laminated NMR-derived clay bound water volume (CBW) Pore Filling can be used to compute bulk shale volume (Vsh) from Vsh = CBW CBWsh. Vsh can be further subdivided in dispersed, structural and laminar Grain Replacing components based on the rate of NMR porosity reduction as a function of bulk shale volume (Vsh). The NMR effective porosity (MPHE) Vsh (frac.) Vsh (frac.) versus Vsh cross plots (Figure 5) display two distinctly different shaly sand systems, one Figure 5. Shale Distribution Plots where the bulk shale volume is dominated by dispersed clay in the pore system and the other by true laminar shales. If grain size is the dominant control on pore size, the bulk sand grain volume can also be subdivided into a fine and coarse component based on the BVI:BVM ratio. The rock volumetrics shown in Figures 3 and 6 combine the matrix and pore volumetrics from NMR-based models. Coates -Timur Model : The Coates-Timur model is used to compute permeability from NMR pore volumetric data in hydrocarbon-bearing NMR a b reservoirs. This model incorporates the NMR-derived BVM = BVI C effective porosity and the BVM:BVI ratio to compute permeability. In the absence of core or formation test-derived permeability calibration data, the model parameters (C = 10, a = 4, and b = 2) are applied to produce a permeability index. In thin-bedded, laminated sand-shale sequences, the apparent NMR-derived bulk permeability computed from bulk NMR-porosity data can be orders of magnitude too low with respect to the true permeability of the actual sand laminations. If the re-constructed sand lamination pore volumes are substituted in the CoatesTimur model, a re-construction of the sand lamination permeability can also be made (figure 6). k φ In a thinly bedded sand-shale T Formation Resistivity & Sand Lam. Effective Bulk Pore Perf s trics Spectra sequence, sand lamination pore Pore trics trics volumetrics and permeability can be Original Perfs re-constructed at the tool s vertical resolution if the laminar shale volume and NMR properties are known. The log example of Figure 6 shows the re800 constructed sand lamination reservoir properties for a highly laminated progradational sand-shale sequence. Added Perfs Note that the computed bulk reservoir properties appear to degrade with depth in response to decreasing net to gross ratio, whereas the true reservoir porosity (track 4) and permeability 733 (track 3 red shading) exhibit no such degradation. The combined NMRFigure 6. Highly Laminated Example resistivity analysis indicates the entire sequence to be at an irreducible water saturation. The original completion of the upper interval produced water free at a rate of 800. The subsequent completion of the lower laminated interval (which based on conventional logs, was not considered to meet net pay thresholds) added 733 of water-free production, confirming productivity as predicted from the combined NMR and resistivity-based interpretation. 2
4 Electrical properties and water saturation The clay electrical conductance parameter Qv (cationic exchange capacity per unit pore volume), used in the Waxman-Smits water saturation model (figure 8), can be determined from NMR-derived clay bound water saturation (Swb) using the Hill, Shirley and Klein model (1979). This model (shown in figure 7) relates Qv to Swb (CBW total ) and the flushed zone water salinity (C o ) in equivalents/liter. Through the integration of NMR-derived total porosity ( total ), Qv, bulk shale volume (Vsh), and resistivity data, continuous variable intrinsic cementation exponent (m*) values can be computed. Apparent intrinsic cementation exponent (m* a ) is computed through substitution of log-measured Rt for Ro in Waxman-Smits formation resistivity factor model and cross plotted versus Vsh. A regression through the water-bearing trend establishes a model for a Vshdependent variable m*, used to NMR total Swb Q V = NMR Swir ( C compute a variable in-situ value NMR CBW o ) for the intrinsic formation resistivity factor (F*). Cementation Exponent Saturation Exponent Intrinsic saturation exponent (n*), used in the Waxman- Smits water saturation model (Figure 8) can be determined from a cross plot of apparent intrinsic resistivity index (RI* a ) vs. NMR-derived irreducible water saturation (Swir). Apparent RI* is derived from the Waxman-Smits water saturation model using the above computed F* with substitution of Swir for Sw. The log 10 of apparent RI* values are cross-plotted versus the log 10 of Swir, and the slope of the regression fit to the trend representing zones at an irreducible water saturation is equal to the average in-situ value for n*. m* a Figure 7. Electrical Properties Models Using NMR Data W axm an-sm its M odel: C t Apparent m* vs. Vsh Hydrocarbon - Bearing Zones 100% Water Trend Vsh C = w F* S w n* Apparent RI* vs. Swir Saturation Exponent (n*) = slope = B Q v + Figure 8. NMR Enhancement of Waxman-Smits Model Conclusions We have summarized an interpretation package for identification and evaluation of low-resistivity pay using NMR log data which permits one to capitalize on the pore volumetrics, rock volumetrics, permeability and electrical properties data derived from NMR measurements. These data, combined with conventional porosity and resistivity data provide more robust water saturations and more complete reservoir descriptions and improve the accuracy of reserve estimates and productivity predictions while minimizing the possibility of bypassed pay. References Ostroff,G.M., Shorey,D.S., and Georgi,D.T., Integration of NMR and Conventional Log Data for Improved Petrophysical Evaluation of Shaly Sands, 40 th SPWLA Transactions, Paper OOO, May RI* a F* Swir Trend Water -Bearing Zones Swir Elem ents of the m odel enhanced from NM R data S w
5 ABOUT THE PRESENTER Gary M. Ostroff is Petrophysical Advisor for Baker Atlas in their Houston-based GeoScience Division. He is currently working in coordination with Baker Atlas Technology on NMR log Interpretation Development. Gary has a B.Sc. in Geology, and has authored/co-authored several papers on NMR technology and core-log integration. His broad international experience spans 19 years as a formation evaluation geologist for Esso Exploration and Conoco International Exploration, as Director of Reservoir Studies for Core Laboratories, and as an independent Petrophysical Consultant prior to joining Baker Atlas in 1997.
Analysis of GS-11 Low-Resistivity Pay in Main Gandhar Field, Cambay Basin, India A Case Study
5th Conference & Exposition on Petroleum Geophysics, Hyderabad-2004, India PP 162-166 Analysis of GS-11 Low-Resistivity Pay in Main Gandhar Field, Cambay Basin, India A Case Study Ashok Kumar, J.P. Narayan,
More informationReservoir Characterization of Gandhar Pay Sands by integrating NMR log data with conventional open hole logs A Case Study.
Reservoir Characterization of Gandhar Pay Sands by integrating NMR log data with conventional open hole logs A Case Study. Summary S.K.Dhar* Well Logging Services, Ankleshwar Asset, ONGC Email ID: samirdhar@spemail.org
More informationWELL LOGGING TECHNIQUES WELL LOGGING DEPARTMENT OIL INDIA LIMITED
WELL LOGGING TECHNIQUES WELL LOGGING DEPARTMENT OIL INDIA LIMITED The Hydrocarbon E & P Process In the exploration process, a most probable hydrocarbon bearing rock structure is defined based on seismic
More informationPetrophysical Well Log Analysis for Hydrocarbon exploration in parts of Assam Arakan Basin, India
10 th Biennial International Conference & Exposition P 153 Petrophysical Well Log Analysis for Hydrocarbon exploration in parts of Assam Arakan Basin, India Summary Ishwar, N.B. 1 and Bhardwaj, A. 2 *
More informationFigure 2-10: Seismic Well Ties for Correlation and Modelling. Table 2-2: Taglu Mapped Seismic Horizons
GEOPHYSICAL ANALYSIS Section 2.2 P-03 Synthetic Well Tie P-03 V sh Well Tie (checkshot corrected) Time (s) Velocity Density Impedance V sh Synthetic Seismic (m/s) (g/cm 3 ) HD/KB Trace Number GR 20 30V
More informationBuilding the Wireline Database and Calculation of Reservoir Porosity
This presentation is a publication of the Bureau of Economic Geology at The University of Texas at Austin. Although it is posted here as a source of public information, those wishing to use information
More informationNuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging While Drilling (NMR-LWD): From an Experiment to a Day-to-Day Service for the Oil Industry
The Open-Access Journal for the Basic Principles of Diffusion Theory, Experiment and Application Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging While Drilling (NMR-LWD): From an Experiment to a Day-to-Day Service
More informationStanford Rock Physics Laboratory - Gary Mavko. Basic Geophysical Concepts
Basic Geophysical Concepts 14 Body wave velocities have form: velocity= V P = V S = V E = K + (4 /3)µ ρ µ ρ E ρ = λ + µ ρ where ρ density K bulk modulus = 1/compressibility µ shear modulus λ Lamé's coefficient
More informationRESERVOIR EVALUATION. The volume of hydrocarbons in a reservoir can be calculated:
RESERVOIR EVALUATION The volume of hydrocarbons in a reservoir can be calculated: 1. directly by volumetric methods 2. indirectly by material balance methods Volumetrics provide a static measure of oil
More informationUnconventional Challenges: Integrated Analysis for Unconventional Resource Development Robert Gales VP Resource Development
Unconventional Challenges: Integrated Analysis for Unconventional Resource Development Robert Gales VP Resource Development Opening Remarks The Obvious Fossil fuels will be the main energy supply, accounting
More informationHDD High Definition Data. defining a new standard for Open Hole, Cased Hole & Production Logging
HDD High Definition Data defining a new standard for Open Hole, Cased Hole & Production Logging Get More Accurate Data At No Extra Cost From RECON s Standard Logging Service At 10 samples per foot (33
More informationReservoir Performance Monitor Formation evaluation and reservoir monitoring
A d v a n c i n g R e s e r v o i r P e r f o r m a n c e Reservoir Performance Monitor Formation evaluation and reservoir monitoring Reservoir Performance Monitor (RPM) Comprehensive reservoir evaluation
More informationMud logging, also known as hydrocarbon well logging, is the creation of a detailed record (well
Types of Logging Well Logging Mud logging, also known as hydrocarbon well logging, is the creation of a detailed record (well log) of a borehole by examining the bits of rock or sediment brought to the
More informationTight Gas Reservoir Characterization
المعهد الجزاي ري للبترول INSTITUT ALGERIEN DU PETROLE JOURNEES D ETUDES TIGHT & SHALE RESERVOIRS 17-18 Septembre 2013 Sheraton, Alger Tight Gas Reservoir Characterization PRÉSENTATEUR : M. Farid CHEGROUCHE
More informationNeutrons as a multifunctional tool for geophysicists
Neutrons as a multifunctional tool for geophysicists Urszula Woźnicka Tomasz Zorski H. Niewodniczanski Institute AGH University of Science of Nuclear Physics, PAN and Technology Kraków, Poland Kraków,
More informationGeneral. Type of porosity logs
Porosity Logs General Type of porosity logs Sonic log Density log Neutron log None of these logs measure porosity directly The density and neutron logs are nuclear measurements The sonic log use acoustic
More informationTravel Time Modelling using Gamma Ray and Resistivity Log in Sand Shale Sequence of Gandhar Field
5th Conference & Exposition on Petroleum Geophysics, Hyderabad-2004, India PP 146-151 Travel Time Modelling using Gamma Ray and Resistivity Log in Sand Shale Sequence of Gandhar Field D.N.Tiwary, Birbal
More informationUnderstanding Porosity and Permeability using High-Pressure MICP Data: Insights into Hydrocarbon Recovery*
Understanding Porosity and Permeability using High-Pressure MICP Data: Insights into Hydrocarbon Recovery* John S. Sneider 1 and George W. Bolger 2 Search and Discovery Article #40345 (2008) Posted October
More informationADX ENERGY. Sidi Dhaher Well test Briefing Live Webcast, 4 July 2012. Wolfgang Zimmer, Paul Fink
ADX ENERGY Sidi Dhaher Well test Briefing Live Webcast, 4 July 2012 Wolfgang Zimmer, Paul Fink Decision to test ASX announcement, 3 October 2011 2 Decision to test: First Evidence Wellsite geologists (highly
More informationFAULT SEAL ANALYSIS: Mapping & modelling. EARS5136 slide 1
FAULT SEAL ANALYSIS: Mapping & modelling EARS5136 slide 1 Hydrocarbon field structure Compartments 1 km Depth ~2.5km How to produce field? EARS5136 slide 2 Predict flow patterns and communication Fault
More informationUnited States Patent im Anderson
United States Patent im Anderson [ii] 3,94,16 [4] Mar. 290, 1976 [4] METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSURFACE EARTH FORMATIONS [7] Inventor: Ronald A. Anderson, Houston, Tex.
More informationPore Radius and Permeability Prediction from Sonic Velocity
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Jun 12, 2016 Pore Radius and Permeability Prediction from Sonic Velocity Mbia, Ernest Ncha; Fabricius, Ida Lykke Published in: Proceedings of Shale Physics and Shale Chemistry
More informationEagle Ford Shale Exploration Regional Geology meets Geophysical Technology. Galen Treadgold Bruce Campbell Bill McLain
Eagle Ford Shale Exploration Regional Geology meets Geophysical Technology Galen Treadgold Bruce Campbell Bill McLain US Shale Plays Unconventional Reservoirs Key Geophysical Technology Seismic Acquisition
More informationWell-logging Correlation Analysis and correlation of well logs in Rio Grande do Norte basin wells
Well-logging Correlation Analysis and correlation of well logs in Rio Grande do Norte basin wells Ricardo Afonso Salvador Pernes (March, 2013) ricardo.pernes@ist.utl.pt Master thesis Abstract During drilling
More informationBecause rock is heterogeneous at all scales, it is often invalid
SPECIAL R o c k SECTION: p h y s i Rc s o c k Pp h y s i c s Scale of experiment and rock physics trends JACK DVORKIN, Stanford University and AMOS NUR, Ingrain Because rock is heterogeneous at all scales,
More information7.2.4 Seismic velocity, attenuation and rock properties
7.2.4 Seismic velocity, attenuation and rock properties Rock properties that affect seismic velocity Porosity Lithification Pressure Fluid saturation Velocity in unconsolidated near surface soils (the
More informationSearch and Discovery Article #40356 (2008) Posted October 24, 2008. Abstract
Quantifying Heterogeneities and Their Impact from Fluid Flow in Fluvial-Deltaic Reservoirs: Lessons Learned from the Ferron Sandstone Outcrop Analogue* Peter E. Deveugle 1, Matthew D. Jackson 1, Gary J.
More informationDecisionSpace Earth Modeling Software
DATA SHEET DecisionSpace Earth Modeling Software overview DecisionSpace Geosciences Flow simulation-ready 3D grid construction with seamless link to dynamic simulator Comprehensive and intuitive geocellular
More information3-D Printing Artificial Reservoir Rocks to Test Their Petrophysical Properties*
3-D Printing Artificial Reservoir Rocks to Test Their Petrophysical Properties* Sergey Ishutov 1 and Franciszek Hasiuk 1 Search and Discovery Article #41427 (2014) Posted August 29, 2014 *Adapted from
More informationData Mining and Exploratory Statistics to Visualize Fractures and Migration Paths in the WCBS*
Data Mining and Exploratory Statistics to Visualize Fractures and Migration Paths in the WCBS* Jean-Yves Chatellier 1 and Michael Chatellier 2 Search and Discovery Article #41582 (2015) Posted February
More informationIntroduction: Basic Well Completion Concepts
Introduction: Basic Well Completion Concepts Porosity Porosity is the fraction of the total volume of the rock that is pore (non rock) space or void and not made of solid pieces of the formation. It will
More information1.72, Groundwater Hydrology Prof. Charles Harvey Lecture Packet #2: Aquifers, Porosity, and Darcy s Law. Lake (Exposed Water Table)
1.72, Groundwater Hydrology Prof. Charles Harvey Lecture Packet #2: Aquifers, Porosity, and Darcy s Law Precipitation Infiltration Lake (Exposed Water Table) River Water table Saturated zone - Aquifer
More informationSearch and Discovery Article #40256 (2007) Posted September 5, 2007. Abstract
Evaluating Water-Flooding Incremental Oil Recovery Using Experimental Design, Middle Miocene to Paleocene Reservoirs, Deep-Water Gulf of Mexico* By Richard Dessenberger 1, Kenneth McMillen 2, and Joseph
More information14.2 Theory 14.2.1 Compton Scattering and Photo-Electric Absorption
14. THE LITHO-DENSITY LOG 14.1 Introduction The litho-density log is a new form of the formation density log with added features. It is typified by Schlumberger s Litho-Density Tool (LDT). These tools
More informationIncorporating Internal Gradient and Restricted Diffusion Effects in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Log Interpretation
The Open-Access Journal for the Basic Principles of Diffusion Theory, Experiment and Application Incorporating Internal Gradient and Restricted Diffusion Effects in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Log Interpretation
More informationWELL LOGGING TECHNIQUES AND FORMATION EVALUATION- AN OVER VIEW By Shri S. Shankar, DGM(Wells) INTRODUCTION:
WELL LOGGING TECHNIQUES AND FORMATION EVALUATION- AN OVER VIEW By Shri S. Shankar, DGM(Wells) INTRODUCTION: Once the prospect generation is made based on seismic and geological surveys, location for drilling
More informationOTC-26021-MS. New Findings in Drilling and Wells using Big Data Analytics J. Johnston, CGG; A. Guichard, Teradata. Abstract
OTC-26021-MS New Findings in Drilling and Wells using Big Data Analytics J. Johnston, CGG; A. Guichard, Teradata Copyright 2015, Offshore Technology Conference This paper was prepared for presentation
More informationHeavy Oil. Canadian Heavy Oil Association. www.choa.ab.ca
Heavy Oil Seminar Sponsors Western Economic Diversification Government of Alberta Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Development (Canada) Export Development Canada PEMEX Alberta Oil Sand Heavy Oil
More informationA 12-Step Program to Reduce Uncertainty in Kerogen-Rich Reservoirs
A 12-Step Program to Reduce Uncertainty in Kerogen-Rich Reservoirs E. R. (Ross) Crain, P.Eng., Spectrum 2000 Mindware Ltd. and Dorian Holgate, P.Geol., Aptian Technical Ltd. INTRODUCTION In some unconventional
More informationRELogAnalysis Well Log Analysis
RESys Reservoir Evaluation System RELogAnalysis Well Log Analysis Users Manual Copyright 2006-2010, The Comport Computing Company All Rights Reserved RESys is an integrated softare system for performing
More informationReservoir Modelling and Interpretation with Lamé s Parameters: A Grand Banks Case Study
Reservoir Modelling and Interpretation with Lamé s Parameters: A Grand Banks Case Study Marco A. Perez* and Rainer Tonn EnCana Corporation, 150 9th Avenue SW, Calgary, AB, T2P 2S5 Marco.Perez@encana.com
More informationFrio Formation of the Gulf Coast* By Michael D. Burnett 1 and John P. Castagna 2
GC Advances in Spectral Decomposition and Reflectivity Modeling in the Frio Formation of the Gulf Coast* By Michael D. Burnett 1 and John P. Castagna 2 Search and Discovery Article #40113 (2004) *Adapted
More informationApplication of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Petroleum Exploration
Application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Petroleum Exploration Introduction Darko Tufekcic, consultant email: darkotufekcic@hotmail.com Electro-magnetic resonance method (GEO-EMR) is emerging as the
More informationCarbonate Petrophysics
Carbonate Petrophysics 30 pu Limestone Jerry Lucia Rudist: Middle East Well Evaluation Review# 15, 1994 Schlumberger High Permeability Grainstone: Pt Petrophysical and dgeomechanical Issues in Carbonate
More informationOn the Application of Simandoux and Indonesian Shaly Sand Resistivity Interpretation Models in Low and High Rw Regimes
P-71 On the Application of Simandoux and Indonesian Shaly Sand Resistivity Interpretation Models in Low and High Rw Regimes K.C. Hari Kumar, ONGC Summary Present paper is a re-look at the oil industry
More informationEnerCom The Oil & Gas Conference. An Integrated Workflow for Unconventional Reservoirs
EnerCom The Oil & Gas Conference An Integrated Workflow for Unconventional Reservoirs August 20, 2015 1 Current Situation Oakspring Overview Oakspring Energy, LLC ( Oakspring ) has been formed by Brycap
More informationREPORT. Results of petrological and petrophysical investigation of rock samples from the Siljan impact crater (Mora area)
REPORT Results of petrological and petrophysical investigation of rock samples from the Siljan impact crater (Mora area) Flotten AB Stockholm, March 2015 This report is the result of the petrological and
More informationValue Addition Using Cement Evaluation by Ultra Sonic Imaging Tool In Upper Assam Oil Fields
Value Addition Using Cement Evaluation by Ultra Sonic Imaging Tool In Upper Assam Oil Fields Summary Narender Pal and M.M. Ahmed Frontier Basins, ONGC, Dehradun Primary objective of cement sheath evaluation
More informationWaterflooding identification of continental clastic reservoirs based on neural network
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies ISSN 2028-9324 Vol. 4 No. 2 Oct. 2013, pp. 248-253 2013 Innovative Space of Scientific Research Journals http://www.issr-journals.org/ijias/ Waterflooding
More informationApplication for Monitoring and Analysis of real-time drilling data PFAS from ITC a.s
Application for Monitoring and Analysis of real-time drilling data PFAS from ITC a.s ITC a.s Stalsbergveien 7 3115 Tønsberg Phone: 33 32 29 80, web: www.itcas.no Management note PFAS has been developed
More informationDecisionSpace. Prestack Calibration and Analysis Software. DecisionSpace Geosciences DATA SHEET
DATA SHEET DecisionSpace Prestack Calibration and Analysis Software DecisionSpace Geosciences Key Features Large-volume prestack interpretation and analysis suite Advanced prestack analysis workflows native
More informationDiagnostic Fracture Injection Tests (DFIT ) in Ultra Low Permeability Formations
Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests (DFIT ) in Ultra Low Permeability Formations Pressure transient testing has been the standard method over the years to obtain important well information such as reservoir
More informationINTRODUCTION TO SOIL MODULI. Jean-Louis BRIAUD 1
INTRODUCTION TO SOIL MODULI By Jean-Louis BRIAUD 1 The modulus of a soil is one of the most difficult soil parameters to estimate because it depends on so many factors. Therefore when one says for example:
More informationReservoir Characterization and Initialization at Little Mitchell Creek
Reservoir Characterization and Initialization at Little Mitchell Creek Shuiquan Li L A R A M I E, W Y, J U LY 2 4 T H, 2 0 1 3 Outline Objectives of the project Geological and geophysical results Progress
More informationCONSTANT HEAD AND FALLING HEAD PERMEABILITY TEST
CONSTANT HEAD AND FALLING HEAD PERMEABILITY TEST 1 Permeability is a measure of the ease in which water can flow through a soil volume. It is one of the most important geotechnical parameters. However,
More information4D reservoir simulation workflow for optimizing inflow control device design a case study from a carbonate reservoir in Saudi Arabia
4D reservoir simulation workflow for optimizing inflow control device design a case study from a carbonate reservoir in Saudi Arabia O. Ogunsanwo, 1* B. Lee, 2 H. Wahyu, 2 E. Leung, 1 V. Gottumukkala 1
More informationPlatform Express. It s about time
Platform Express It s about time Houston, Texas 32E-001234 US DOT 253896 Applications Reservoir delineation Hydrocarbon saturation determination and imaging Movable hydrocarbon determination Location of
More informationAbstract. 1. Introduction
IBP3328_10 IMPROVING HORIZONTAL WELL PLANNING AND EXECUTION USING AN INTEGRATED PLANNING APPROACH AND GEOSTEERING A CASE STUDY EXAMPLE IN BRAZIL DEEP WATER Rajeev Samaroo 1, Gregory Stewart 2, Paolo Ferraris
More informationBroadband seismic to support hydrocarbon exploration on the UK Continental Shelf
Broadband seismic to support hydrocarbon exploration on the UK Continental Shelf Gregor Duval 1 1 CGGVeritas Services UK Ltd, Crompton Way, Manor Royal Estate, Crawley, RH10 9QN, UK Variable-depth streamer
More informationMarine broadband seismic: Is the earth response helping the resolution revolution? N. Woodburn*, A. Hardwick, and R. Herring, TGS
Marine broadband seismic: Is the earth response helping the resolution revolution? N. Woodburn*, A. Hardwick, and R. Herring, TGS Summary Broadband seismic aims to provide a greater richness of both (a),
More informationHIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT GUIDANCE NOTES ON SOIL TEST FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN
HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT GUIDANCE NOTES ON SOIL TEST FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN Research & Development Division RD/GN/012 August 1990 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT GUIDANCE NOTES (RD/GN/012) SOIL TEST FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN Prepared
More informationWaterflooding. A Tried and True Technique for Secondary Oil Recovery. Houston Bar Association Oil, Gas and Mineral Law Section March 26, 2013
Waterflooding A Tried and True Technique for Secondary Oil Recovery Houston Bar Association Oil, Gas and Mineral Law Section March 26, 2013 F. J. Deacon Marek, P.E President Dallas, Texas Brian R. Sullivan,
More information12. THE SPECTRAL GAMMA RAY LOG 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Principles
12. THE SPECTRAL GAMMA RAY LOG 12.1 Introduction The spectral gamma ray log measures the natural gamma radiation emanating from a formation split into contributions from each of the major radio-isotopic
More informationENHANCED OIL RECOVERY BY HORIZONTAL WATERFLOODING
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY BY HORIZONTAL WATERFLOODING Final Report September 6, 2002 September 30, 2005 By Scott Robinowitz Dwight Dauben June Schmeling May 2006 Work Performed Under Contract No. DE-FG26-02NT15452
More informationDeep Geothermal energy and groundwater in
Deep Geothermal energy and groundwater in the UK Jon Busby Deep Geothermal energy and groundwater in the UK Outline 1. UK geothermal 2. Deep saline aquifers 3. Engineered geothermal systems 4. Fractured
More informationRESERVOIR GEOSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
RESERVOIR GEOSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING APPLIED GRADUATE STUDIES at IFP School from September to December RGE01 Fundamentals of Geoscience I Introduction to Petroleum Geosciences, Sedimentology RGE02 Fundamentals
More informationHead Loss in Pipe Flow ME 123: Mechanical Engineering Laboratory II: Fluids
Head Loss in Pipe Flow ME 123: Mechanical Engineering Laboratory II: Fluids Dr. J. M. Meyers Dr. D. G. Fletcher Dr. Y. Dubief 1. Introduction Last lab you investigated flow loss in a pipe due to the roughness
More informationStoring of CO 2 offshore Norway, Criteria for evaluation of safe storage sites
Storing of CO 2 offshore Norway, Criteria for evaluation of safe storage sites Eva Halland Norwegian Petroleum Directorate Trondheim CCS Conference June 14-16, 2011 1 29.06.2011 Storing of CO 2 offshore
More informationParticle size effect on porosity and specific surface area measurements of shales
SCA2014-013 1/12 Particle size effect on porosity and specific surface area measurements of shales Ali Tinni, Carl Sondergeld, Chandra Rai. Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, University
More informationGROUNDWATER FLOW NETS Graphical Solutions to the Flow Equations. One family of curves are flow lines Another family of curves are equipotential lines
GROUNDWTER FLOW NETS Graphical Solutions to the Flow Equations One family of curves are flow lines nother family of curves are equipotential lines B C D E Boundary Conditions B and DE - constant head BC
More informationLists of estimated quantities to be performed and prices Estimated quantities to be performed. Prices
Schedule No. 2 Payment Schedule Task number according to Schedule No. 1 Scope of task Lists of estimated quantities to be performed and prices Estimated quantities to be performed Prices Date of execution
More informationGAS WELL/WATER WELL SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION
GAS WELL/WATER WELL SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION Rick Railsback Professional Geoscientist CURA Environmental & Emergency Services rick@curaes.com And ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free.
More informationLowdown of Resistivity: Effects of Microporosity on Oil Bearing Deltafront Sandstones, North Jotana, Cambay Basin, India and Identification Methods
5th Conference & Exposition on Petroleum Geophysics, Hyderabad-2004, India PP 115-123 Lowdown of Resistivity: Effects of Microporosity on Oil Bearing Deltafront Sandstones, North Jotana, Cambay Basin,
More informationOverview of the Hugoton Asset Management Project (HAMP) southwest Kansas and Oklahoma Panhandle
Overview of the Hugoton Asset Management Project (HAMP) southwest Kansas and Oklahoma Panhandle Martin K. Dubois, Alan P. Byrnes, Timothy R. Carr, Geoffrey C. Bohling, Saibal Bhattacharya, John H. Doveton,
More informationGRADATION OF AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE BLOCK
GRADATION OF AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE BLOCK Although numerous papers have been written concerning the proper gradation for concrete mixes, they have generally dealt with plastic mixes, and very little published
More informationHydrocarbon Migration An Old Friend or Foe?*
Hydrocarbon Migration An Old Friend or Foe?* Robert G. Tscherny 1 and Marek Kacewicz 2 Search and Discovery Article #120131 (2013) Posted March 13, 2013 *Adapted from extended abstract prepared in conjunction
More informationEstimation of Compression Properties of Clayey Soils Salt Lake Valley, Utah
Estimation of Compression Properties of Clayey Soils Salt Lake Valley, Utah Report Prepared for the Utah Department of Transportation Research Division by Steven F. Bartlett, PhD. P.E. Assistant Professor
More informationThe ever increasing importance of reservoir geomechanics
SPE special Interest Reservoir Group, Calgary March 26, 2014 The ever increasing importance of reservoir geomechanics Antonin (Tony) Settari TAURUS Reservoir Solutions Ltd., Calgary Professor Emeritus,
More informationWhen to Use Immediate Settlement in Settle 3D
When to Use Immediate Settlement in Settle 3D Most engineers agree that settlement is made up of three components: immediate, primary consolidation and secondary consolidation (or creep). Most engineers
More informationSurface Area. ε = where the eccentricity is
Surface Area The specific surface area is a dominant parameter in models for permeability and in the transport of a species that can adsorb on the mineral surfaces. The specific surface area is usually
More informationNOTE: FOR PROJECTS REQUIRING CONTRACTOR MIX DESIGN, THE DESIGN PROCEDURES ARE SPECIFIED IN THE SPECIAL PROVISIONS OF THE CONTRACT.
September 1, 2003 CONCRETE MANUAL 5-694.300 MIX DESIGN 5-694.300 NOTE: FOR PROJECTS REQUIRING CONTRACTOR MIX DESIGN, THE DESIGN PROCEDURES ARE SPECIFIED IN THE SPECIAL PROVISIONS OF THE CONTRACT. 5-694.301
More informationIntroduction to Petroleum Geology and Geophysics
GEO4210 Introduction to Petroleum Geology and Geophysics Geophysical Methods in Hydrocarbon Exploration About this part of the course Purpose: to give an overview of the basic geophysical methods used
More informationTNO report. Oil and Gas Princetonlaan 6 P.O. Box 80015 3508 TA Utrecht The Netherlands. www.tno.nl
TNO report Determination of petrophysical properties from well logs of the offshore Terschelling Basin and southern Central North Sea Graben region (NCP-2A) of the Netherlands Oil and Gas Princetonlaan
More informationA study on the Effect of Distorted Sampler Shoe on Standard Penetration Test Result in Cohesionless soil
ISSN: 319-53 (An ISO 39: 00 Certified Organization) A study on the Effect of Distorted Sampler Shoe on Standard Penetration Test Result in Cohesionless soil Utpal Kumar Das Associate Professor, Department
More informationChapter 10: Relative Permeability
Chapter 10: 10.1 Introduction and Definition Routine permeability measurements are made with a single fluid filling the pore space. This is seldom the case in the reservoir situation except in water zones.
More informationIntegration of reservoir simulation with time-lapse seismic modelling
Integration of reservoir simulation with seismic modelling Integration of reservoir simulation with time-lapse seismic modelling Ying Zou, Laurence R. Bentley, and Laurence R. Lines ABSTRACT Time-lapse
More informationCOMPENDIUM OF INDIAN STANDARDS ON SOIL ENGINEERING PART 2
(PREVIEW) SP 36 (Part 2) : 1988 COMPENDIUM OF INDIAN STANDARDS ON SOIL ENGINEERING PART 2 IS 1893 : 1979 (Reaffirmed 1987) CODE OF PRACTICE FOR SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION FOR FOUNDATIONS 1.1 This code deals
More informationShuey s Two-Term Approximation
INTERPRETER S Principles of AVO crossplotting JOHN P. CASTAGNA, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma HERBERT W. SWAN, ARCO Exploration and Production Technology, Plano, Texas Hy d rocarbon related
More information1 Mobilisation and demobilisation 1 Deep boring sum 2 Cone penetration tests sum 3 Miscellenous tests sum
Malaysian Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (MyCESMM) CLASS D: SITE INVESTIGATION WORK Measurement covered under other classes: Excavation not carried out for the purpose of soil investigation
More informationParameters That Influence Seismic Velocity Conceptual Overview of Rock and Fluid Factors that Impact Seismic Velocity and Impedance
Conceptual Overview of Rock and Fluid Factors that Impact Seismic Velocity and Impedance 73 Type of formation P wave velocity (m/s) S wave velocity (m/s) Density (g/cm 3 ) Density of constituent crystal
More informationBS PROGRAM IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING (VERSION 2010) Course Descriptions
BS PROGRAM IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING (VERSION 2010) Course Descriptions PETE201 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering (Core) (1-0-1) The course's main goal is to provide the student with an overview of
More informationPetrel TIPS&TRICKS from SCM
Petrel TIPS&TRICKS from SCM Knowledge Worth Sharing Truncated Gaussian Algorithm Rocks that transition from one facies or facies association to the next in a specific order are common. Examples include:
More informationPeriod #16: Soil Compressibility and Consolidation (II)
Period #16: Soil Compressibility and Consolidation (II) A. Review and Motivation (1) Review: In most soils, changes in total volume are associated with reductions in void volume. The volume change of the
More informationPetrel TIPS&TRICKS from SCM
Petrel TIPS&TRICKS from SCM Knowledge Worth Sharing Create Fault Polygons and Map This is the first in a series of TIPS&TRICKS focused on the geophysical and seismic aspects of Petrel. Petrel combines
More informationHow To Prepare A Geotechnical Study For A Trunk Sewer Project In Lincoln, Nebraska
APPENDIX B Geotechnical Engineering Report GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING REPORT Preliminary Geotechnical Study Upper Southeast Salt Creek Sanitary Trunk Sewer Lincoln Wastewater System Lincoln, Nebraska PREPARED
More informationAn Integrated Rock Catalog for E&P Geotechnologists
An Integrated Rock Catalog for E&P Geotechnologists By Graham Cain, Petris Technology, Janusz Buczak, Petris Technology, and Joe Pumphrey, Logicom E&P Presented at Petroleum Network Education Conference
More informationENCE 4610 Foundation Analysis and Design
This image cannot currently be displayed. ENCE 4610 Foundation Analysis and Design Shallow Foundations Total and Differential Settlement Schmertmann s Method This image cannot currently be displayed. Strength
More informationQuick Look Determination of Oil-in-Place in Oil Shale Resource Plays*
Quick Look Determination of Oil-in-Place in Oil Shale Resource Plays* Marlan W. Downey 1, Julie Garvin 1, R. C. Lagomarsino 2, and David F. Nicklin 2 Search and Discovery Article #40764 (2011) Posted June
More informationArgentina Tataru*, Marcel Adrian Piteiu*, Dan-Paul Stefanescu*, Ioana Vlasin*
WIERTNICTWO NAFTA GAZ TOM 24 ZESZYT 1 2007 Argentina Tataru*, Marcel Adrian Piteiu*, Dan-Paul Stefanescu*, Ioana Vlasin* NEW TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF ROMGAZ COMPANY REGARDING DRILLING, COMPLETION AND
More informationEnergize your mind. www.halliburton.com April 2007. Lightweight Cement Meets Challenges of Weak Formations and Depleted Zones
Energize your mind. www.halliburton.com April 2007 Lightweight Cement Meets Challenges of Weak Formations and Depleted Zones Today, operators are forced to drill in increasingly challenging environments
More information