UNIT-1 UNIT-2. done using Malloc()? in all three notations. 11.Define the following: a)space complexity b)time complexity

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1 UNIT-1 1. What is pointer variable? How to declare a pointer variables?. 2. What are the various memory allocation techniques? Explain how dynamic allocation is done using Malloc()? 3. What is recursion? What are the various types of recursion? 4. Define a pointer? Write a C function to swap two numbers using pointers. 5. Explain performance analysis and performance measurement. 6. Explain the functions supported by c to carryout dynamic memory allocation. 7. What is an algorithm? Briefly explain the criteria that an algorithm must satisfy. 8. Write a recursive function to implement binary search. 9. Define three asymptotic notations and give the asymptotic representation of function 3n+2 in all three notations. 10. Define Big oh natation. 11.Define the following: a)space complexity b)time complexity 12. Distinguish between static and dynamic memory allocation. 13. What is pointer? With example explain pointer declaration, initialization, 14. Differences between malloc() and calloc(). UNIT-2 1. Define structure and union with suitable example. 2. Write a program in c to read a sparse matrix of integer values and search this matrix for an element specified by user. 3. What is a structure? how to declare and initialize a structure? 4. What is the difference between int *a and int a[5] and int *[5]. 5. For the given sparse matrix A & its transpose, give the triplet representation. A is the given sparse matrix, & B will be its transpose A= Distinguish between structure and union.

2 7. What is a structure? Give different ways of defining structures and declaring variables. 8. Consider two polynomials A(x)=2X and B(X)=X4+10X3+3X2+1 show diagrammatically how these two polynomials can be stored in a single 1-D array. 9. Write a C program with an appropriate structure definition and variable declaration to store information about an employee using nested structure.consider the following fields like Ename,Empid,DOJ(Date,month,year) and salary(basic,da,hra). UNIT-3 1. Define stack.give the C implementation of push and pop functions.include check for empty and full conditions of stack. 2. Write an algorithm to convert infix to postfix expression and apply the same to convert the following expression from infix to postfix: a) (a*b)+c/d b) ((a/b(-c)+(d*e))-(a*c)) 3. Write a C function to evaluate a postfix expression. 4. Give ADT stack and with necessary functions, explain implementing stacks to hold records with different type of fields in stack. 5. Give the disadvantage of ordinary queue and how it is solved in circular queue. 6. Convert the infix expression a/b-c*d*e-a*e into postfix expression.write a function to evaluate that postfix expression and trace that for given data a=6,b=3,c=1,d=2,e=4. 7. Define stack. List the operations on stack. 8. What is system stack? How the control is transferred to or from the function with the help of activation records? 9. Obtain the postfix and prefix expression for ((A+(B-C)*D)^E)+F) UNIT-4 1. Define linked list. Write a c program to implement the insert and delete operation on a queue using linked list. 2. write a C-function to add two polynomials using linked list representation. Explain 3. with suitable example. 4. Expalin how a chain can be used to implement a queue. Write the function to insert and delete elements from such a queue. 5. Describe the doubly linked list with advantages and disadvantages. 6. For the given sparse matrix, give the diagrammatic linked representation A= Write a note on:

3 i) Linked representation of sparse matrix ii) Doubly linked list. 8. With node structure show how would you store the polynomial in linked list? 9. Write C function for adding two polynomials represented as circular list. 10. What is a linked list? Explain the different types of linked list with diagram. 11. Write a function to insert a node at front and rear end in a circular linked list. Write down sequence of steps to be followed. 12.Define linked list. Write a C program to implement the insert and delete operation on queue using linked list. 13. Explain the different types of linked list with diagram. 14. Describe doubly linked list with advantages and disadvantages. 15. With a node structure show how would you store the polynomials in linked list? 16. Give the node structure to create a linked list of integers. UNIT-5 1.Define binary tree. For the given tree find the following : i) siblings ii) Leaf nodes iii) Non leaf nodes iv) Ancestors v) Level of trees 2. Show that for any nonempty binary tree T, if n0 is the number of leaf nodes & n2 the number of nodes of degree 2, then prove That n0=n What is a heap? Explain the different types of heap? 4.Define the following: i)binary tree ii)complete binary tree iii)almost complete binary tree Iv)Binary search tree

4 V)Depth of a tree 5. What is threaded binary tree? Explain right in and left in threaded binary trees. 6. Write the C routine to traverse the given tree using: i)in order ii)preorder iii)post order 7. Define a max heap? Write a C function to insert an item into max heap? 8. write the functions for counting the number of leaf nodes in a b-tree. 9.Define a binary tree and with examples show array representation and linked representation of binary tree. 10. What is a tree? Explain the following i)root node ii)child iii)siblings iv)ancestors 11.What is a binary tree? How it is represented using array and linked list? 12.In brief describe any five applications of trees. 13.Explain min and max heap with examples. 14.Write c function for the following tree traversal: i)inorder ii)preorder iii)postorder. 15.Write the C function for finding the inorder successor of a node in a thread b-tree. UNIT-6 1. Construct a binary tree having the following sequences. i)preorder sequence: ABCDEFGHI i) preorder : /+*1 $ A B D G C E H I F 2) Inorder : * 3 $ 4 /5 D G B A H E I C EF 2. Give the adjacency matrix & adjacency lists representation for the graph shown below 3.Explain selection trees, with suitable example. 4.Describe the binary search tree with an example. Write a iterative & recursive function to search for a key value in a binary search tree. 5.Define ADT of binary search tree. Write BST for the elements {14, 5, 6, 2, 18, 20, 16, 18, -1,

5 21}. 6. Explain the following with an example: i) Forest ii) Graph iii) Winner tree 7. Explain the different method of traversing a tree with following tree 8. Explain representation of disjoint sets. 9. What is binary search tree? Draw the binary search tree for the following inputs: {22, 28, 20, 25, 22, 15, 18, 10, 14} 10.What is a winner tree? Explain with suitable example a winner tree for k= Write recursive search algorithm to search an element in that tree. 12. Construct the b-tree from the given traversals: Preorder: ABDCEF Inorder: BDAEFC UNIT-7 1. What is binomial heap? Explain the steps involved in the deletion of min element from a binomial heap.insertion into binomial heaps. Melding 2 binomial heaps 2. What is binomial heap? Explain the steps involved in the deletion of min element from a binomial heap.insertion into binomial heaps. Melding 2 binomial heaps. 52. Define Fibonacci heap. Briefly explain the different types. 3..Explain priority queue? Explain the various types of priority queues.list the single ended & double ended priority queue operations 4. Define the following: i) Leftist trees ii) Min leftist trees iii) Weighted leftist trees 5. Briefly explain the following with an example :i) HBLT ii) WBLT 6. What is Fibonacci heap? Give suitable example & give the steps for deletion of node & decrease key of specified node in F- heap UNIT-8

6 1.Explain the Red-black tree. State its properties. Insert the following keys in the given order { 50,10,80,90,70,60,65,62} giving color changing & rotation instances. 2.What is splay tree? Briefly explain the different types of splay trees

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