THE PETROLEUM SECTOR NORWAY S LARGEST INDUSTRY
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1 THE PETROLEUM SECTOR NORWAY S LARGEST INDUSTRY 3 A milestone was reached for the petroleum industry on the Helgeland coast when the Skarv field came on stream in 212/213. A new shift lands at Skarv. (Photo: Kjetil Alsvik, BP) FACTS
2 Oil and gas extraction including services Health and social work Manufacturing Wholesale and retail trade Construction Public administration and defence Professional, scientific and tech. act. Financial intermediation Business services Transport Primary industries Ocean transport Bill. NOK Figure 3.1 Value creation in selected industries 212 (Kjelde: National Accounts, Statistics Norway) The petroleum activities in Norwegian society The petroleum activities have been crucial for Norway s financial growth, and in financing the Norwegian welfare state. Over more than 4 years, petroleum production on the shelf has added more than NOK 9 billion to the country s GDP. In 212, the petroleum sector represented more than 23 per cent of the country s total value creation. Currently, 76 fields are in production on the Norwegian continental shelf. In 212, these fields produced about 1.9 million barrels of oil (including NGL and condensate) per day, and about 111 billion standard cubic metres (Sm 3 ) of gas, giving Norway a marketable petroleum production totalling million Sm 3 of oil equivalents (o.e.). In 211, Norway was the seventh largest oil exporter and the fourteenth largest oil producer in the world. In 211, Norway was the world s third largest gas exporter, and the world s sixth largest gas producer. The State receives substantial income from the petroleum activities. Tax from the production companies and direct ownership (SDFI) ensures that the State receives a large share of the value created by the petroleum activities. The State s income from the sector amounted to about 3 per cent of total State revenue in 212. Figure 3.4 shows the payments from the industry. The State s income from the petroleum activities is transferred to a separate fund, the Government Pension Fund Global. In 212, transfers to this fund totaled more than NOK 27 billion. At the end of 212, the fund was valued at NOK billion. This corresponds to more than NOK 75 for every Norwegian citizen. In 212, crude oil, natural gas and pipeline services represented slightly more than half of Norway s export value. The export of petroleum products amounted to more than NOK 6 billion in 212. Since the start of the petroleum activities on the Norwegian continental shelf, vast amounts have been invested in exploration, field development, transport infrastructure and onshore facilities. The investments in 212 amounted to nearly 29 per cent of the country s total fixed capital investments. The road ahead Following several years of decline in total petroleum production, it is now expected that production will increase slightly in the coming years, before ebbing off again in a more long term perspective. The relationship between production of gas and oil, including NGL and condensate, is expected to remain relatively stable in the future. Over the longer term, the number of new discoveries and their size will be decisive for the production level. So far, about 44 per cent of the estimated total recoverable resources on the Norwegian continental shelf have been produced. The remaining recoverable resources on the shelf constitute a significant potential for value creation for years to come. The investment level on the Norwegian shelf has been high in recent years. In 212, more than NOK 175 billion was invested, including investments related to exploration. The operating costs in 212 amounted to about NOK 6 billion. Both investments and operating costs are expected to remain high in the years to come. The activity level on the shelf will represent a significant market for the supplier industry for many years. Saudi Arabia Russia Kuwait Nigeria Iraq Iran Norway UAE Angola Russia Quatar Norway Canada Algeria Indonesia Turkmenistan The Netherlands Malaysia Quatar 1.6 Australia Mill. barrels/day Bill. Sm Figure 3.2 The largest oil exporters (oil includes NGL and condensate) in 211 and gas exporters in 211 (Source: KBC Market Services) 2 FACTS 213
3 Fact box 3.1 An industry for the future A key precondition for further developing the petroleum resources is that we have a resource base to exploit. After 4 years of production, about 6 per cent of the expected recoverable resources still remain in the ground. This is in addition to resources in Norway s part of the previously disputed area, and the areas around Jan Mayen. The Government presented the oil and gas white paper, An Industry For the Future Norway s petroleum Activities in the spring of 211. The paper describes a production course that can be made possible through a broad range of efforts on the Norwegian shelf. A steady activity level must be maintained in order to achieve the goal of long term management and value creation from the petroleum resources. This can best be facilitated through a parallel and active commitment in three areas: Increase recovery from existing fields and develop of commercial discoveries. Continue active exploration of opened acreage, both in mature and frontier areas. Implement the opening processes for Jan Mayen and Norway s part of the previously disputed area to the west of the demarcation line in the Barents Sea South. Nationwide employment The demand from the petroleum industry has been and is very important for the activity in several industries around the country. Statistics Norway has analysed the effects this demand has had on among other things, employment in Norway. On the basis of direct and indirect deliveries to the petroleum industry, the agency has prepared an estimate of the scope of employment that can be related to the petroleum industry. For 29, the estimate was 26 jobs. Deliveries to the petroleum industry come from various parts of Norwegian industry and commerce. The employment effects therefore cover a broad range of i ndustries. Ripple effects of the petroleum activities The development of new discoveries must create the largest possible value for society as a whole, as well as provide local and regional ripple effects. When developing discoveries, it is important to find good socioeconomic development and operation solutions. The experiences from developments such as Skarv, Ormen Lange, Snøhvit and Goliat show that new, major developments provide ripple effects locally and regionally regardless of development solution. One important condition for achieving good ripple effects is that local and regional industry and commerce are able to utilise the business opportunities offered by a development in the vicinity. The Norwegian supplier industry The petroleum resources on the Norwegian shelf have laid the foundation for a highly competent and internationally competitive oil and gas industry. Today, the supplier industry delivers advanced technology, products and services to the Norwegian shelf and to international markets. The industry is active within exploration activity, new developments, operations, maintenance, modifications and abandonment of fields. Some companies concentrate on one of these markets, while others have activities in several parts of the value chain. The Norwegian offshore industry increased its turnover from 248 to 361 billion NOK from 29 to 211. This constitutes a share of GDP share of state revenues Figure 3.3 Macroeconomic indicators for the petroleum sector 212 (Source: Statistics Norway, Ministry of Finance) share of total investment share of total exports FACTS
4 Bill. NOK 212 value Statoil dividend Royalty and area fee SDFI Environmental taxes Taxes State net cash flow Direct taxes Environmental taxes, area fee and other SDFI Statoil dividend Total: Figure 3.4 Net cash flow to the State from the petroleum activities (Source: State Accounts) Figure 3.5 Net cash flow to the State from the petroleum activities 211 (billion NOK) (Source: Norwegian Public Accounts) growth of about 48 per cent. The petroleum industry also provides a strong impetus to innovation and technological development within other Norwegian industries. A successful international industry Over the last decade, several Norwegian suppliers have gained a strong international position. This is a direct result of the will to develop and use new technology on the Norwegian shelf. The interaction between oil companies on the shelf, the supplier industry and the research environments has yielded good results. Figures from Rystad Energy indicate that in 211, Norwegian petroleum related companies had sales totalling NOK 152 billion abroad, compared with NOK 118 billion in 29. The INTSOK foundation was established by the authorities and the industry in 1997 in an effort to strengthen the Norwegian petroleum industry internationally. Together, they work to ensure that Norwegian suppliers are able to win assignments in international markets. The energy market Securing access to energy is important to all countries. Through increased use of energy, manpower can be released from low productive manual labour. The most important driving forces behind the increased energy demand are economic growth and population growth. In the future, the increased demand will mostly come from countries outside the OECD. Oil accounts for about one third of the world s total energy consumption, and more than half of the oil consumption takes place in the transportation sector as fuel. Oil is also used as a raw material in industry and, to some extent, in combined heat and power production. The demand for oil is rising, particularly in countries Fact box 3.2 The Government Pension Fund - Global The Government Pension Fund Global (SPU) was established in 199 for the purpose of ensuring a long term perspective when using the State s petroleum income. The first transfer to the SPU took place in The State s total net cash flow from the petroleum activities is transferred to the Government Pension Fund Global. In addition, the fund receives income through returns, including interest and yield on the fund s investments. The petroleum revenues are gradually phased into the economy by covering the structural non oil deficit in the National Budget. It is phased in approximately in line with the development in the fund s expected real return. Net cash flow from the petroleum activities Non oil deficit in the National Budget + Return on the Fund s investments = Revenues for the Government Pension Fund Global Billion NOK Marked Percentage of GDP Figure 3.6 Size of the Government Pension Fund Global as at 31 December 212 and as part of GDP (Source: Statistics Norway, the Central Bank of Norway) of GDP 22 FACTS 213
5 such as China, India and countries in the Middle East. The world s largest oil producers are Saudi Arabia, Russia and the USA. Much of the remaining oil resources are located in the Middle East, where the largest producers have joined forces with some other producing countries in the OPEC production cartel. The price of oil is determined by supply and demand in the world market. To a certain degree, OPEC can influence the price by increasing or decreasing supply. Natural gas accounts for more than 2 per cent of the world s total energy demand. The most important markets for natural gas are in Europe, Asia and North America. Solutions for transporting gas as LNG (liquefied natural gas refrigerated gas) on ships have made the market for natural gas more global. Natural gas is generally used in the household sector for heating and cooking, in industry and for production of electricity. Over the last ten years, the gas market has undergone significant changes. The possibility of recovering unconventional gas has increased the world s gas reserves considerably, and the growth in LNG supply has made gas available in new markets. Bill. 212-NOK Not decided projects Approved and decided investments in fields/discoveries and pipelines/ onshore plants Figure 3.9 Historical investments (excluding investment in exploration) (Source: The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate/ Ministry of Petroleum and Energy) Mill. Sm³ oil equivalents per year Gas (4 MJ) Condensate NGL Oil Fact box 3.3 Subsea technology Development and use of new subsea technology is an important focus area on the Norwegian shelf and internationally. Using subsea facilities, small fields can be tied into larger facilities and field centres. The useful life of existing platforms and infrastructure is extended, and in such cases, subsea technology will contribute to recovering additional resources from the field areas. The advances within subsea technology also facilitate development in very deep waters. The subsea segment has been a business area in which the Norwegian supplier industry is an inter national technology leader. Figure 3.7 Historical production of oil and gas, and prognosis for production in coming years (Source: The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate) Mill. Sm³ o.e. per year Undiscovered resources Resources in discoveries Resources in fields Reserves Figure 3.8 Production prognosis for oil and gas (Source: The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate/Ministry of Petroleum and Energy) FACTS
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