Pronouns. Chap. 13 Week 14

Transcription

1 Pronouns Chap. 13 Week 14

2 Types of Pronouns Personal pronoun: I, you, she, they, it, Demonstrative pronoun: this, that, these, Indefinite pronoun: some, any, both, all, Interrogative pronoun: who, which, what, Relative pronoun: who, which, that, Possessive pronoun Reflexive pronoun Reciprocal pronoun

3 anaphora Don t mention your plan to Alan s wife. She might not approve of it. He set the briefcase down on the table before he opened it. Forward vs. Backward Because they discovered that they really didn t like them, the boys decided not to order pancakes for breakfast anymore.

4 Personal Pronouns Let s go to the dance. (inclusive we) Let us go to the dance. (exclusive we) You never know what may happen. You can t learn English just by reading books about it. cf. One never knows what may happen. One should obey one s/his/your parents. Do they speak English in Australia? We have a great deal of snow in Seoul. You have a great deal of snow in Seoul, don t you? They have a great deal of snow in Seoul. He whom the gods love dies young.

5 Personal Pronouns What would you do if you were him? What would you do if you were he? A: Who broke the window? B: Me. (*I) A: Bob will lend you some money? B: No, not him. He s a lot faster than I am. He s a lot faster than I. He s a lot faster than me. *Just between you and I, Bill s not going to be promoted. *Me and Julie are going shopping. You and me, we re two of a kind. Me and my friend Bob, we d been to the game.

6 Demonstrative Pronouns This is my friend Charlie Brown. That is my friend Charlie Brown. We re going to the opera tonight. This will be our first outing for months. We went to the opera last night. That was our first outing for months. This firm of ours is becoming one of the biggest in the country. Damn. There s that inspector again. Dogs are more faithful animals than cats; these attach themselves to places, those to persons.

7 Demonstrative Pronouns The generals decided that it was time to put their plans into operation. They / These Who is this, please? Who is that, please? I heard Friday s meeting has been canceled. If this / that is so, I will protest strongly. Listen to this /*that! They ve cancelled Friday s meeting.

8 Reflexive Pronouns History repeats itself. I cut myself shaving. She knew him better than he knew himself. I expect you to behave *myself / *you / yourself. I spoke to the President himself. The girl was simplicity itself. The door opened of itself. I want to make it for myself. I went there by myself. I cooked it by myself. I cooked it for myself.

9 Reflexive Pronouns He looked about him. He kept the door open behind him. She had her fiance beside her. They placed their papers in front of them. John ignored the oil on him /*himself. John smeared the oil on *him / himself. John has no covering over him / *himself. John has no control over *him / himself. John has many books about him / himself.

10 Reciprocal Pronouns John and Mary like each other / one another. The four children are fond of each other / one another. They each blamed the other. The passengers disembarked one after another.

11 The students borrowed each other s books. Their letters to each other were delivered by their common friend. John and Mary kissed each other. Jon and Mary kissed. John and Mary hit each other *John and Mary hit. John and Mary fought every day. John and Mary fought to save their marriage.

12 Possessive Pronouns I met an old friend of mine. It was no fault of hers. It was her own idea. I will not be dictated in my own house. They treated the child as if she were their own. He cooks his own meal. Can t I choose my own wife?

13 All of my friends all my friends all of the books all the books all books *all of books / *all of whisky All children like going to the zoo. All milk contains calcium. All the children wanted to go to the zoo. All the milk has gone sour.

14 Both of the windows both the windows both windows They were both waiting for him. They both came. You may take either of these books. Either of these two roads will take you to Seoul. I sent cards to Mary and Lucy, but neither has / have replied. I doubt if either is / are coming.

15 Every student / Each student All students On every / each side of the square there were soldiers. One *every / each side of the street there were soldiers. The plans each have certain advantages and disadvantages. The books cost ten dollars each. I have given them each their tickets. She sent them each a present. *She kissed them each. She kissed them each on the forehead. She kissed each of them.

16 There are some / *any letters for you. There are not *some / any letters for you. Did you go anywhere last night? Did you go somewhere last night? What are you so happy about? Did your dad bring you something / anything? He denied that there were any letters. I can answer your question without any hesitation. I tore up the letter before anyone had read it. Some boys haven t done their homework. There are some boys who haven t done their homework. If you eat any / some spinach, I ll give you ten dollars. If you eat any / some candy, I ll whip you. Would someone open the door for me? Some more coffee? Will you tell us something more about your plan?