Tallinn-Warsaw Freight Corridor: Railway, Road and Sea Transport Comparison

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2 Tallinn-Warsaw Freight Corridor: Railway, Road and Sea Transport Comparison Prof. Olli-Pekka Hilmola Lappeenranta University of Technology, Kouvola Unit Prikaatintie 9, FIN Kouvola, Finland

3 Current Situation with Infra and Environmental Payments: Tallinn-Warsaw

4 Freight using road transport: Without any additional vignette or toll cost in Finland, Estonia and Latvia In Lithuania vignette system costs 20 per day (if purchased one day), 6 per day (if purchased one month), and approx. 5 (annual) In Poland new viatoll system charges approx per km driven (3rd of July onwards) Additional costs of /km 320 km = per semi-trailer truck

5 Freight using sea transport (Gdynia): Low Sulphur Surcharge/MARPOL (2007, convention, 73/78): per semi-trailer Polish new viatoll system: 0.05 /km 374 km = 18.7 per semi-trailer Additional costs: per semi-trailer

6 Freight using railway transport (960 Gross Ton Freight Train): Finland: 2.1 per km (~15 %, if 100 % then 14 per km) Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania: 6.5 per km (100 %) Poland: 3.5 per km (~90 %) Additional costs of 859 km 6.5 /km km 3.5 /km= 6868 for the whole train (corresponds to 230 per semitrailer, if whole train is having 100 % fillrate, 30 semi-trailers) Source (access fees): Thompson, Loius S. (2008). Railway Access Charges in the EU: Current Status and Developments Since OECD / International Trasport Forum.

7 Near Future of Infra and Environmental Payments: Tallinn-Warsaw

8 Freight using road transport: Maybe Latvia and Estonia start to use similar system with Lithuania (Vignette): additional costs 5-6 per semi-trailer 2 = per semi-trailer Road is eligble to pay from CO2 emissions (25-45 per ton): Total costs of the future: per semi-trailer

9 Freight using sea transport (Gdynia): Low Sulphur Surcharge/MARPOL, 2015 (convention, 73/78): per semi-trailer Polish new viatoll system: 0.05 /km 374 km = 18.7 per semi-trailer Additional costs: per semi-trailer

10 Access Charges of 960 Gross ton Freight Train in Europe Source (access fees): Thompson, Loius S. (2008). Railway Access Charges in the EU: Current Status and Developments Since OECD / International Trasport Forum.

11 Ratio of 960 Gross ton Freight Train and 590 Gross Ton Intercity Passenger Train in Access Charges Source (access fees): Thompson, Loius S. (2008). Railway Access Charges in the EU: Current Status and Developments Since OECD / International Trasport Forum.

12 Freight using railway transport (960 Gross Ton Freight Train): Finland: ~15 % (2.1 per km) is covered with access fees, then 100 % results to 14 per train km Sweden: ~5 % (0.3 per km) with 100 % it is 6 per km New total costs (with Swedish prices, lower): 7356 (245 per semi-trailer) Railways also cause CO2 emissions (20 % with electricity as compared to trucks): per semi-trailer Total costs of the future: per semi-trailer Source (access fees): What if real price of access fee is 10 per km? Thompson, Loius S. (2008). Railway Access Charges in the EU: Current Status and Developments Since OECD / International Trasport Forum.

13 Stevedoring Strike in Finland (4.March-22.March.2010) Is this our future after MARPOL sulphur surcharge implementation during year 2015?...and will we act in retrospect to the forthcoming major changes? How we could lower access fee for freight in railway network and simultaneously improve current old alignment readiness and state to serve freight flows?

14 Russian Dimension:Trans-Siberian Railway Pricing Change (...and collapse of Finnish volume) Year 2010: 1536 TEU Year 2009: 1459 TEU Year 2008: 643 TEU Source (access fees): Tsuji, Hisako (2007). International Container Transport on the Trans-Siberian Railway in : The End of Finland Transit and Expectations Regarding Japanese Use. Erina Report, Vol. 73, May, pp

15 Japan Experienced Similar Shoot-and-Collapse Two Decades Earlier (at TSR, reasons the same)

16 ...if Additional Transportation Costs Increase, We Need to Incorporate Rail Baltica in These Four Themes China Russia Belarussia Logistics sector (transit) Tourism Emerging Countries Alignment is not big issue Place on the map High tech. industry growth Cities and Regions Rail Baltica Investment Marketing Tool Like additional sea port or airport Sure about railway demand Lack of Fast Passenger Transport Alternatives Should be connected to eastern markets Tallinn airport between Helsinki and Riga Airports located mostly in capitals North-East Poland does not have any airports Private car use trend in the Baltic States