An Overview of Web-Based System Architectures
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1 An Overview of Web-Based System Architectures Instructor: Dr. Jerry Gao San Jose State University URL:
2 - ( ) Hypertext Web Systems: Graphic Web s + Hyperlinks + HTML files. Features: HTML-based thin client. Limited Server Functions. Application: Only for documentation sharing and accesses. Static Web Site construction. Pros: Cons: Simple and easy to set up. Very server processing functions No dynamic HTML generation. No support for user interaction Not easy to maintain and manage HTML user Internet/Intranet HTTP HTTP Server HTML Files client URL
3 - ( ) Interactive HTML-based Web Systems: Graphic Web s + Hyperlinks + HTML files Plus: Forms, Tables, CGI, and Secured Transactions: SSL, S-HTTP, Firewalls Features: Supporting user interactions and requests HTML-based client, CGI-based Server program Secured communications and transactions Applications: DHTML web sites, Banking, On-line systems Pros: Secured communications. Dynamic HTML generation. User friendly due to user interactions. Cons: Slow speed, limited client functions and GUI support. Unstructured server programs with low concurrence HTML & Forms Firewall user Internet Web Server CGI Gateway Programs client S-HHTP/SSL Server HTML Forms HTML Tables
4 - ( ) Complex Interactive Web Systems(a): Client: Server: Plus Features: Web + HTML + JavaScript, Web Server + CGI + Gateway Programs + Server secured transaction based on secured protocol and firewalls Supporting better user interactions and requests HTML/JavaScript client, CGI-based Server program Secured communications and transactions Applications: Web-base application systems, tools, group-ware, On-line systems Pros: Global accesses, platform independent. Secured communication and transactions. Have a better GUI interface due to JavaScript features. Cons: Limited support for graphics and window applications Unstructured server programs with low concurrence user HTML Forms + JavaScript client HTTPS or SSL Internet Firewall Web Server CGI HTML Forms HTML Tables Gateway Programs Server Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 (a)
5 - ( ) Complex Interactive Web Systems(b): Client: Server: Plus Features: Web + HTML + JavaScript, Web Server + Java Servlet + Server secured transaction based on secured protocol and firewalls Supporting better user interactions and requests HTML/JavaScript client, Java Servlet-based communication gateway Secured communications and transactions Applications: Web-base application systems, tools, group-ware, On-line systems Pros: Global accesses, platform independent. Secured communication and transactions. Have a better GUI interface due to JavaScript features. Cons: Limited support for graphics and window applications. Unstructured server programs with low concurrence. HTML Forms + JavaScript client Firewall Application Server user HTTPS or SSL Internet Web Server Java Servlet Server Tier 1 Tier 2 HTML Forms Tier 3 HTML Tables (b)
6 - ( ) Complex Interactive Web-Based Systems (c): Client: Server Plus Features: Web + HTML + Java Applets Server: Web Server + CGI (Gateway Programs) + secured transaction based on secured protocol & firewalls Supporting complex user interactions and requests HTML/JAVA client, CGI-based Server program Secured communications and transactions Applications: Web-base application systems, tools, group-ware, On-line systems Pros: Global accesses, platform independent. Secured communication and transactions. Supporting Complex GUI interface. Cons: Slow speed on Java applet download, and more system resources. Unstructured server programs with low concurrency. HTML Forms + Java Applets HTML Forms HTML Tables user client HTTPS or SSL Internet/Intranet Firewall Web Server CGI Gateway Programs Server Tier 1 (c) Tier 2 Application Server Tier 3
7 - ( ) Object Web Systems: (a) Java Web: Java Applets + Mobile Components (RMI) Client:, Java Applets + RMI server stub. Server: RMI server, Application server and DB server. Features: Supporting complex user interactions and requests RMI communications between clients and server No standard communication protocols. Java Client and Server. Applications: Intranet Web-base application systems, tools, group-ware. Pros: Intranet accesses, platform independent. Support multithreading server. Supporting Complex GUI interface. Cons: No secured communications. Client and server must be written in Java. Limitation on providing scalable servers. Java Client Server Stub Internet/Intranet RMI Client Stub Client Stub Server Server
8 - ( ) Object Web Systems: (b) JDBC-based: Java Applets + JDBC gateway programs Client: + Java Applets + JDBC client Server: JDBC driver to a specific DB driver Features: Supporting structured data and interactions. JDBC communications between clients and server Intensive data centered applications with rich GUI support. Applications: Intranet Web-base application systems, tools, group-ware. Pros: Intranet accesses, platform independent. Support multithreading server. Supporting Complex GUI interface and data structure. Less code and effort, better reliability. Cons: No secured communications. Client and server must be written in Java. JDBC Java Applets Client (JDBC-Based) Internet Gateway Server Tier 1 (b) Direct JDBC Connection Tier 2 Tier 3
9 - ( ) Object Web Systems: (b) Java-based: Java Applets + JDBC gateway programs Client: + Java Applets + JDBC client Server: JDBC driver to a specific DB driver Features: Supporting simply structured data and interactions. HTTP-based communication between clients and server. Intensive data centered applications with rich GUI support. Applications: Intranet Web-base application systems, tools, group-ware. Pros: Intranet accesses, platform independent. Support multithreading server, scalable to multiple servers. Supporting Complex GUI interface. Cons: No secured communications. Client and server must be written in Java. Limitation on providing scalable servers. JDBC Java Applets Client (JDBC-Based) Internet Web Server Java Servlet Gateway Server HTTP Tier 1 (c) Tier 2 Tier 3
10 - ( ) Object Web Systems: (c) Java and CORBA (such as JOE, Iona): OrbixWeb HTML Forms HTML Tables user HTML Forms + Java Applets HTTP Internet HTTP Web Server CGI Gateway Programs client CORBA IIOP Server Tier 1 CORBA IIOP ORB Application Proxy Server CORBA (c) Tier 2 CORBA Tier 3 - CORBA avoids the CGI bottleneck - CORBA provides a scalable server-to-server infrastructure - CORBA extends Java with a distributed object infrastructure Application 1 Application i
11 - ( ) Object Web Systems: (d) The Microsoft Object Web ActiveXs HTML Forms HTML Tables Tier 3 user HTML Forms + DocObjects client HTTP Network OLE Internet HTTP Web Server CGI/ISAPI Gateway Programs SQL Server Exchange Tier 1 Network OLE COM ORB Server Actives OLE TP Monitor (d) Tier 2 Repository/cash of DocObjects or ActiveX Doc.
12 - ( ) Object Web Systems: (d) The EJB-Based Object Web HTML Forms HTML Tables Tier 3 user HTML Forms + JavaAplets HTTP Internet HTTP Web Server CGI Gateway Programs Application Programs client Tier 1 EJB Server JDBC DB Server (d) Tier 2
13 - ( ) Object Web Systems: (e) The CORBA/Cyberdog Object Web Compound Doc. HTML Forms HTML Tables Tier 3 user HTML Forms + Java Applets client HTTP CORBA IIOP & Compound Doc. Internet HTTP Web Server CGI Gateway Programs DBMS Lotus Notes Tier 1 CORBA IIOP ORB Server Actives TP Monitor (d) Tier 2 Bento Doc. Or OODBMS
14 Bridging Legacy Systems to the Web: MVS System SNA Encapsulation Program TCP/IP Java Applet An encapsulation programs puts a more friendly face on a legacy system user Java Applets Place order Ordering Encapsulation Program Legacy System An encapsulation can present an interface different from the legacy system
15 Bridging Legacy Systems to the Web: Applet in Web HTTP Web Server Java Server RMI Standalone Java Application A Java System Legacy System Java Encapsulation RMI/CORBA Legacy System Legacy System Newer Work Stations Translate a legacy interface into something newer clients can deal with
16 Bridging Legacy Systems to the Web: Java client RMI/CORBA Java Front-End Native Methods SNA Hardware Legacy System Native methods to access a legacy system Java Applet in Web Legacy System Legacy protocol CORBA Front-End CORBA Standalone Java Application C++ Application CORBA expands the accessibility of an encapsulation system
17 Bridging Legacy Systems to the Web: New Workstations RMI/CORBA New Application RMI/CORBA Java Encapsulation Terminal Population Legacy Terminals Legacy Terminals Legacy terminals and new workstations access the new system Legacy data Legacy System Java client All data Java Encapsulation All data Newer New data New System An encapsulation can combine several systems together
18 Bridging Legacy Systems to the Web: Legacy System Legacy Protocol Encapsulation RMI Java Web Server Servlet Web access to legacy systems involves a servlet Java Web Server Servlet Legacy Protocol Java method calls Legacy System Encapsulation Web access to legacy system involves a servlet and an encapsulation (servlet and encapsulation reside in the same machine)
19 : HTML-based Thin Client Layer - Hypertext client --> based on HTML pages + hypertext links - Simple interactions between users and systems - Stateless client-server Communications - No cash on the client side - No data verification and validation on the client side Structure: a) Linear Structure, b) Tree Structure, c) Index Structure d) Network Structure, e) Simple Window Menu Structure (a) (b) (c) GUI P1 GUI P2 GUI P2 GUI P4 (d) (e)
20 : Java Client (Thin - Thick) - HTML forms embedded Java Applets - Cash data on the client side - Stateless/State client-server Communications - Completed data verification and validation on the client side - Support complex GUI structure and graphic display Structure: a) Single Applet b) Multiple Applets in a HTML page (with multiple frames) c) Multiple Applets in different HTML pages JavaIDL Application GUI Applet Tool Bar Communication Client Data Loader Applet Loader Timer Help Print Client DB Work Flow Control Security Control Access Control Application GUI Filter/Parser
21 Now: The Web Client (Three Client Models): a) as Desktop: It assumes that people live within their browsers. This is the current Netscape model of the world. b) Web-Enabled Desktop Components: Every thing on the desktop is Web-enabled; the idea is that you will be able to access the Web from within any application or component without starting a browser. This is the Cyberdog model of the world; Microsoft will also support this model in Windows 97. c) Shippable Places: This lets you access the Web from within your places. A place can have multiple concurrent sessions with Web object servers. In addition, multiple places can be concurrently active on the same desktop The Object Web may end up supporting all three models. A) as Desktop B) Web-Enabled Desktop Components C) Shippable Places
22 - Trade-off factors in architecture design of web-based application systems (a) Considering factors: - System performance - Fault tolerance and recovery - System scalability - System complexity - System extendibility - System flexibility - Reusability - Easy to maintain - Portability - Easy to change
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