Cell Structure & Function Review KEY
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1 Name Per. Date Cell Structure & Function Review KEY 1. What is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things? a. THE CELL 2. List the 3 parts of the cell theory. 1-ALL LIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF CELLS 2- CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE (IN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION) 3- CELLS ARE MADE FROM THE REPRODUCTION OF CELLS (CELL DIVISION) 3. Define homeostasis: a. THE TENDENCY TO MOVE TOWARDS REACHING EQUILIBRIUM 4. What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? a. PROKARYOTES LACK THE FOLLOWING THINGS THAT EUKARYOTES HAVE: 1- NUCLEUS 2- MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLE b. PROKARYOTES ARE SMALLER IN SIZE 5. Of the following cell types, which are prokaryotic: bacteria, plant, animal, fungi? 6. T/F: All unicellular organisms are prokaryotic. FALSE 7. How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike? a. PROKAROTES AND EUKARYOTES BOTH HAVE 1- DNA 2- CELL MEMBRANE 3- RIBOSOMES
2 8. Label the eukaryotic plant cell with the following: cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast, nucleus, mitochondrion CELL WALL VACOULE NUCLEUS MITOCHONRION CHLOROPLAST 9. List 3 ways plant and animal cells differ. a. PLANT CELLS HAVE CELL WALLS b. PLANT CELLS HAVE CHLOROPLAST c. PLANT CELLS HAVE LARGER VACOULES 10. What are the functions of the cell (plasma) membrane? 1. REGULATION OF WHAT ENTERS AND EXITS THE CELL 2. PROTECTS THE CELL FROM THE OUTSIDE ENVIRONMENT 3. MARKERS ON MEMBRANE ARE USED FOR CELL RECOGNITION
3 11. Label the following parts of the cell membrane with a letter below. A Phospholipids bilayer - C Channel protein E (AKA TRANSPORT PROTEIN) Fatty acid tails - B D Phosphate heads - A Protein - D 12. What is a virus? How is it different from a cell? IGNORE 13. What is the difference in diseases caused by a virus and those caused by bacteria? IGNORE 14. Two examples of organisms adjusting at the cellular level to maintain homeostasis are: a. REGULATION OF WATER ENTERING AND LEAVING THE CELL b. GETTING RID OF CELL WASTE FROM LYSOSOME c. CREATING ENERGY IN MITOCHONDRIA C B E 15. Write the function of each below: a. Mitochondria GENERATE CELLULAR ENERGY (ATP) b. Endoplasmic Reticulum RESPONSIBLE FOR CREATING CELL PRODUCTS (LIKE PROTEINS [RER], LIPIDS [SER], CALCIUM REGULATION [SER], ECT) c. Cytoplasm A JELLY-LIKE SUBSTANCE WITHIN THE CELL THAT HOLDS ORGANELLES AND HOSTS CHEMICAL REACTIONS d. Lysosome BREAKS DOWN FOOD, BACTRIA, AND OLD CELL PARTS e. Vacuole FLUID FILLED SACK, USED FR STORAGE f. Ribosomes RIBS -> MAKES PROTEINS g. Chloroplasts CONVERTS SUNLIGHT INTO FOOD (FOR PLANTS) h. Nucleus CONTROLS ALL CELL ACTIVITIES, CONTAINS DNA, & CONTROLS CELL CHARACTERISTICS 16. What is the importance of the nucleus? What process occurs here? a. CONTROLS ALL CELL ACTIVITIES, CONTAINS DNA, & CONTROLS CELL CHARACTERISTICS. b. THIS IS WHERE DNA REPLICATION OCCURS
4 17. Some molecules, but not others, are admitted through the cell membrane, not always according to their size. A membrane of this nature is said to be SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE (OR SEMI PERMEABLE) 18. Which type of molecular transport requires input of energy from the cell & moves substances from a low concentration to a high concentration? a. ACTIVE TRANSPORT 1- REQUIRES ENERGY 2- MOVES FROM LOW CONCENTRATION TO HIGH (AGAINST THE GRADIENT) 19. Define diffusion: THE PROCESS BY WHICH MOLECULES SPREAD FROM AREAS OF HIGH CONCENTRATION, TO AREAS OF LOW CONCENTRATION 20. Define active transport: TRANSPORT ACROSS A MEMBRANE WHERE: a. SUBSTANCES MOVE FROM [LOW] [HIGH] b. REQUIRES ENERGY INPUT 21. Define passive transport: TRANSPORT ACROSS A MEMBRANE WHERE: a. SUBSTANCES MOVE FROM [HIGH] [LOW] b. NO ENERGY INPUT REQUIRED 22. What is osmosis? THE DIFFUSION OF WATER ACROSS A MEMBRANE 23. What is another name for facilitated diffusion? 24. What is a hypotonic solution? A SOLUTION WITH A HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF MOLECULES IN THE SOLUTION THAN THE CELL 25. What is a hypertonic solution? A SOLUTION WITH A LOWER CONCENTRATION OF MOLECULES IN THE SOLUTION THAN THE CELL 26. What is an isotonic solution? A SOLUTION WITH AN EQUAL CONCENTRATION OF MOLECULES IN THE SOLUTION AND THE CELL 27. In osmosis, water will move from the region of HIGH concentration to the region of LOW concentration.
5 28. Define exocytosis: a. A PROCESS WHERE MATERIALS ARE EXITED FROM THE CELL IN VESICLES 29. Define endocytosis: a. A PROCESS WHERE MATERIALS ARE ENTERING THE CELL IN VESICLES 30. Define pinocytosis: a. A PROCESS WHERE CELLS TAKE FLUID INTO THE CELL 31. ACTIVE transport uses ENERGY to move molecules AGAINST the CONCENTRATION gradient. (MOVES FROM LOW TO HIGH) 32. Complete the analogies with the proper organelles. 1. VACOULE : a cell :: water tower : city 2. MITOCHONDRIA : a cell :: power plant : city 3. NUCLEUS : a cell :: mayor : city 4. LYSOSOME : a cell :: garbage disposal : sink
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