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1 Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level * * GEOGRAPHY 7/3 Paper May/June 4 Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Calculator Protractor Plain paper :5 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this question paper. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer one question. hours 5 minutes The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 3, Photograph B, Figs 9, and and Tables and 3 for Question 7, and Tables 4 and 5 for Question 8. The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 6 printed pages, blank pages and Insert. DC (LK/CGW) 8395/5 [Turn over

2 Section A Answer all questions in this section. The :5 map is of Ceres, Zimbabwe. (a) Study the area of the map shown in Fig B D A C Fig. Using the map and Fig., identify: (i) the features at A;... [] (ii) the land-use at B;... [] (iii) the type of land in area C;... [] (iv) feature D.... [] (b) Give the six figure grid reference of the Pen in the north-east of the map.... []

3 (c) (i) Identify the type of road found in grid square [] (ii) Describe the route of this road from the western edge of grid square 4374 to the southern edge of the map. Use the following headings. Direction... Distance along the road... metres Features of the physical landscape... Features of the human landscape......[7] (d) What is the height of the trigonometrical station on Masimbe hill (47734)?...[] [Turn over

4 4 (e) Study the area of the map shown in Fig Fig. Describe the relief and drainage of this area [6] [Total: marks]

5 5 Study Fig. 3, which shows surface weathering of marble tombstones, in an area of Sydney, Australia, where acid rain occurs. Fig. 3 (a) (i) Draw a best fit line on the scattergraph in Fig. 3. [] (ii) Describe the relationship suggested by the graph [] (b) The marble is weathered by carbonation. Describe this process [] [Turn over

6 6 (c) (i) Use the data in Table to plot, on Fig. 3, the four data points for tombstones at Wollongong, Australia. Table Date on tombstone Surface reduction (mm) [] (ii) Which location, Sydney or Wollongong, has more acidic rain?...[] (iii) Suggest why the rainfall might be more acidic....[] [Total: 8 marks]

7 3 Study Photograph A (Insert) of a coastal location. (a) Identify the different features labelled on Photograph A. A... B... C... D... 7 E... [5] (b) For any one of the features A, B, C, D and E explain how it changes to one of the other features as a result of erosional processes. Feature chosen... changing to [3] [Total: 8 marks] [Turn over

8 4 Study Fig. 4, which shows a small farm in Zimbabwe. 8 (a) (i) Which crop occupies the largest land area?... [] (ii) What two tree crops are grown?... [] (b) Taking the most direct route, what is the distance and direction from the entrance of the compound, to the river to collect water? Distance... Direction... [] (c) Using evidence from Fig. 4, suggest what prevents all of the land on the farm from being cultivated [] (d) Suggest why chickens and goats are kept in the fenced compound [] [Total: 8 marks]

9 9 to township N 3 metres maize maize tomatoes kale sweet potatoes S chickens and goats Fig. 4 maize Key S cattle hut banana and mango trees storage hut fence around compound boundary stone rocks scrub river [Turn over

10 5 Study Fig. 5, which shows the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, and Fig. 6, which gives population data for the islands. (a) (i) Which island is the furthest west?...[] (ii) The area of Lanzarote is 846 km. Estimate the size of La Graciosa, off its north coast. Tick ( ) the correct answer below. 8 km 3 km 7 km 5 km [] (b) Complete Fig. 6 (opposite) to show that La Palma has an average population density of people per km. [] (c) (i) Using Fig. 6, what is the population density of Gran Canaria?...[] (ii) Using Fig. 6, which island has the highest total population?...[] (d) (i) On Fig. 6, complete the population density ranking. [] (ii) Describe the relationship between population total and average population density....[] [Total: 8 marks]

11 N Atlantic Ocean La Graciosa Lanzarote La Palma Fuerteventura Tenerife La Gomera El Hierro Gran Canaria 3 km Fig. 5 Fig. 6 [Turn over

12 6 Study Fig. 7, which describes an industrial system. When the sacks of cocoa beans reach the factory, they are sampled to check quality. The first step in processing is cleaning. The beans are then roasted and cracked open to extract the cocoa nibs. The nibs are then ground. The grinding process produces heat which causes the fatty portion of the nibs to liquefy. The liquid part is called cocoa butter; the dry part is cocoa powder. The next step is pressing the powder from the butter. The fat is squeezed out, filtered to purify it and allowed to cool into yellowish blocks of cocoa butter. The remaining cocoa is then ground up. At this point, various ingredients are added, depending on the type of chocolate desired. These include sugar, cocoa butter, vanilla and milk. The next step is conching. This is a stirring and kneading process to reduce the size of the crystals embedded in the chocolate. The longer the conching, the less likely you are to notice the slightly rough feel. The finest quality chocolate should feel totally smooth on the tongue. When the conching is complete, the molten chocolate is cooled down slowly to prevent re-crystallisation. (a) Name the main input. Fig []

13 3 (b) (i) Fig. 8 is a flow chart of the processes in the factory. Complete Fig. 8 by inserting two processes. [] input roasting cracking grinding filtering grinding additional ingredients product A conching Fig. 8 product B (ii) How is the conching process different for the finest quality chocolate?...[] (iii) Using Fig. 8, name product A and product B. Product A... Product B... [] (c) Name two factors that would affect the location of the chocolate factory.....[] [Total: 8 marks] [Turn over

14 4 Section B Answer one question in this section. 7 Students at two schools in South Africa planned an investigation using weather stations. The two schools are in Pretoria and Cape Town which are located on Fig. 9 (Insert). (a) Students in Pretoria used traditional instruments to measure and record weather and the students in Cape Town used digital instruments. (i) Give two advantages of using digital instruments rather than traditional instruments [] (ii) The students in Pretoria used a Stevenson Screen in their weather station. Photograph B (Insert) shows a Stevenson Screen. Describe three features of a Stevenson Screen and explain why each is important [6] (iii) Which one of the following measuring instruments would the students put inside a Stevenson Screen? Circle your answer. [] Anemometer Rain gauge Thermometer Wind vane

15 5 (iv) Students in Pretoria collected data on the following weather elements: maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure. Name one other weather element the students could have measured.... [] (v) What traditional instrument did they use to measure: A relative humidity;... B atmospheric pressure?... [] (b) Study Figs and (Insert), which show a maximum-minimum thermometer and a rain gauge. (i) Explain how the thermometer is used to measure maximum and minimum temperatures.... [3] (ii) Explain how rainfall is measured using the rain gauge shown in Fig..... [3] [Turn over

16 6 The students collected data about different elements of weather during July. They then decided individually on two hypotheses to test. One student in Cape Town chose the following hypotheses: Hypothesis : The diurnal variation in temperature is greater in Pretoria than in Cape Town. The diurnal variation in temperature is the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature in a day. Hypothesis : In Cape Town rainfall increases as the maximum temperature increases. (c) The results which the student used to test Hypothesis are shown in Table (Insert). (i) Use these results to complete the minimum temperature line for Pretoria on 3th and 3st July in Fig. below. [] temperature ( C) temperature ( C) Temperatures in Pretoria and Cape Town Pretoria date in July Cape Town date in July Fig. Key maximum temp C minimum temp C

17 7 (ii) What conclusion did the student come to about Hypothesis : The diurnal variation in temperature is greater in Pretoria than in Cape Town? Support your conclusion with evidence from Table and Fig.....[4] [Turn over

18 8 (d) The results which the student used to test Hypothesis : In Cape Town rainfall increases as the maximum temperature increases, are shown in Table 3 (Insert). (i) Use these results to complete the rainfall bars for 8th and 9th July on Fig. 3 below. [] Fig. 3

19 9 (ii) What conclusion would the student come to about Hypothesis : In Cape Town rainfall increases as the maximum temperature increases? Support your answer with evidence from Table 3 and Fig [4] [Total: 3 marks] [Turn over

20 8 Students in Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana, were studying land-use in urban areas. They did fieldwork to examine differences between land-use in the CBD (Central Business District) and other parts of the city. They wanted to test the following hypotheses: Hypothesis : The height of buildings decreases as distance from the CBD increases. Hypothesis : The land-use in the CBD is different from that in the rest of the city. To collect data the students were divided into four groups. Each group followed a different transect from the city centre outwards. The transect routes went north, east, south and west of the CBD. (a) At selected distances along each transect the students counted the number of storeys of six different buildings. They then calculated the average number of storeys. Their results are shown in Table 4 (Insert). (i) Suggest why the four groups got different results in the CBD....[]

21 (ii) The students plotted their results on the diagram shown in Fig. 4 below. Use the data in Table 4 to complete the results of the West and North transects in Fig. 4. [] west transect CBD north transect CBD west transect Key 3 north transect 3 3 CBD km distance from centre of CBD average number of storeys Average number of storeys 3 south transect Fig. 4 km km CBD east transect km 4 km east transect CBD south transect [Turn over

22 (iii) To what extent is Hypothesis : The height of buildings decreases as distance from the CBD increases true? Explain your answer with data from Table 4 and Fig [4] (iv) Explain why building height varies in different areas of a city....[]

23 road 3 (b) To investigate Hypothesis : The land-use in the CBD is different from that in the rest of the city, the students recorded the ground floor land-use of buildings in the CBD and along the four transect lines. One group s land-use map of part of the CBD is shown in Fig. 5 below. Sketch map of land use in part of the CBD road Hungry Lion restaurant road Key residential (apartments + houses) President Hotel commercial (shops + restaurants) offices (including banks) services (including hotels, sport venues + religious buildings) Fig. 5 (i) Use the key to shade in the Hungry Lion restaurant and the President Hotel in Fig. 5 above. [] (ii) How many offices are shown in the map shown in Fig. 5?... [] [Turn over

24 4 (iii) Suggest why the students only recorded the ground floor land-use of buildings....[] (iv) In order to compare the different areas of the city the students calculated percentage figures of different types of land-use. These results are shown in Table 5 (Insert). Use the data in Table 5 to complete the pie chart for the CBD in Fig. 6 below. [3] North transect West transect 9 CBD East transect South transect Key residential commercial offices services industry Fig. 6

25 5 (v) Describe one major difference in land-use between each of the following pairs of transects shown on Fig. 6. north transect and south transect east transect and west transect...[] (vi) What conclusion would the students come to about Hypothesis : The land-use in the CBD is different from that in the rest of the city? Use evidence from Table 5 and Fig. 6 to support your decision....[4] (c) Why does land-use vary in different parts of a city? [4] [Turn over

26 6 (d) When the students returned to school they discussed with their teacher how they could improve their data collection methods. Suggest three improvements they could have made [3] [Total: 3 marks]

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