RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES: EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH CHALLENGES/SOLUTIONS
|
|
- Bryan Miller
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES: EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH CHALLENGES/SOLUTIONS Ahmed Elgafy 1, Muthar Al-Ubaidi 2 Abstract Currently the global energy consumption representing over $13 trillion per year (about 13% of global gross domestic product (GDP); $70 trillion. This leads to an annual energy consumption of 13,000 Mtoe (Mega ton of equivalent oil). Yet, the vast majority of this energy is not efficiently or wisely utilized. Conversely, burning of fossil fuels to produce this huge amount of energy causes negative environmental impacts. As a conclusion, we are facing two tough problems; the first one is how to diminish the rule of fossil fuels for energy production? And the other is how to reduce the negative impacts on the environment when energy is produced and utilized? The answer for these two questions, as proposed by many researchers and politicians, is to switch to clean energy resources such as renewable energies. Yet, there are many educational and research challenges in the field of renewables. In this paper, the educational and research challenges for interpreting renewable energies in different educational levels are introduced. Index Terms Carbon Emissions, Educational, Environment, Renewable Energy. INTRODUCTION Due to rising concerns about oil reduction and climate change; the contribution of renewable energies to world energy supply is expected to increase significantly in the future [1]. Accordingly, the renewables manufacturing is expanding rapidly and numerous innovations and applications are taking place [2]. As a matter of fact, some national governments have put programs in place to support the wider use of renewable energy systems [3]. In fact this would be a part of the solution. Another important part is depending on the individuals who are willing to be involved in this switch to renewables. Consequently, we are in need to retool the individuals career. Among those, are the engineering students who would consider the renewables techniques in their work future career. Among those also, the school teachers who would be able to deliver this message to their students at different education levels; elementary, middle, and high schools. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and implement new multidisciplinary courses that prepare engineering students, and school teachers for future renewables challenges to produce sustainable energy generation systems [3, 4]. The education and training of renewable energy specialists is based upon the knowledge usually taught in various disciplines and levels, but it needs specific complementary components. Firstly, a general knowledge that able to create the understanding of the important role which the renewable energy has and will have in the future. Secondly, a strengthened technical knowledge relevant to each technology which would offer the tools for efficient fieldwork under the specific utilization conditions of this technology [5]. On the contrary, renewables education is a relatively new field and previously it formed a minor part of traditional courses. These days it has an identity of its own, with special techniques, standards and requirements which are not normally encountered in other disciplines. Attempts to add one or two units of study on renewables into traditional science and engineering degrees are unlikely to produce graduates with sufficient knowledge or understanding to use renewables effectively. In fact, modern renewables education includes studies of the technologies, sources, systems design, storage, economics, industry structure and policies in an integrated package. This prepares the graduates to design sound systems from amongst the range of options available [6]. By realizing the importance of imparting renewables education at all educational levels; it is quite likely that such attempt should be made simultaneously at several levels [7]. Conversely, it is necessary to ensure consistency and continuity in the inputs provided at different levels to maximize the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the renewables education strategy. Several approaches to renewables education have been introduced in the past decade and these are based on an assessment of the needs of industry and society [3]. Most of these approaches discuss one specific renewable energy source and they do not introduce a comprehensive approach to all of the other sources. Moreover, they neither introduce the storage concept of these renewables nor introduce new technologies; as nanotechnology; that would be involved in the renewables industry to enhance their performance [8]. Also, not all of these courses offer lab sessions, which is an essential task for practicing on renewables. At the University of 1 Ahmed Elgafy, Associate Professor-Educator, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA, elgafya@uc.edu, Phone: Muthar Al-Ubaidi, President of INTERTECH - International Council for Engineering and Technology Education, Professor, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA, muthar.al-ubaidi@uc.edu DOI /INTERTECH
2 Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, a series of renewable energy courses have been established and taught at different educational levels to fulfill the University mission towards the students and educational community at Greater Cincinnati. In the present paper, the multidisciplinary courses taught at the University of Cincinnati for renewables are introduced. Research challenges projects in renewables are introduced as well. UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL COURSE 1- Renewable Energy Systems, MECH 5031 Course Description: This is a comprehensive course for renewables with emphases on their sources and applications. In this context, the course covers energy nature, collection, utilization, conversion, transmission and storage for renewables such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, tides, waves, and biomass. The course also examines the environmental consequences of energy conversion including how renewables can reduce air pollution and global climate change. senior engineering students. Pre-requisites: Senior standing. Learning Outcomes: After the completion of the course the students will be able to: - To appreciate the importance of energy and renewable energy to our society. - To understand and analyze energy conversion, utilization and storage for renewable technologies such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, tides and waves, and biomass. - Acquire the knowledge and skills to model and design renewable energy systems. - To solve engineering problems through the application of Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics and Economic principles. Topics for Exploration include: Introduction to thermofluid sciences. Energy and power in the wind, potential and offshore wind energy, wind turbines, aerodynamics of wind turbines, aerodynamic forces, relative wind velocity, estimating wind speed, and characteristics of a site, storage of wind energy, economics and environmental impact of wind energy. The physics of geothermal resources, the heat source in a sedimentary basins, geothermal waters and mining of geothermal heat. Technologies for geothermal resource exploitation, resources in high-enthalpy steam fields, dry steam power plant, single flash steam power plant, binary cycle power plant, double flash power plant, resources for direct use geothermal energy, ground source heat pumps, and hot dry rock technology. Economics and environmental impact of geothermal energy. Solar thermal energy; the sun, the earth, solar spectrum and radiation, sunearth angles, availability of solar radiation on horizontal and inclined surfaces, and estimation of average solar radiation. Flat-plate collectors: classification, estimation of heat transfer coefficients, optimization of heat losses. Solar water heating systems. Solar photovoltaics, PV systems: brief history of PV. PV in silicon: basic principles, semiconductors and "doping". Load calculations and PV analysis. Wave energy: physical principles of wave energy. Typical sea state, variations in the wave power at any location, wave direction. Wave energy resources and technologies. Fixed devices, floating devices, and tethered devices. Storage, economics, environmental impact of wave energy. Tidal Power: tidal power basic physics. Tidal energy potential, power generation and technical factors. Tidal streams, tidal barrages, and tidal current turbines. Tidal current assessment, storage, economics and environmental factors. Schedule and Classroom Procedure: The course is fourteen weeks in duration and consists of three hours per week for lecture. The students are expected to attend all classes on time. Homework will be collected in weekly basis. A significant part of the final course grade will rest on participation and on actual contributions to class discussions and presentations. Multiple quizzes/exams will be conducted and a final exam will be conducted as well. Group projects: the students will be divided into groups; each group is expected to undertake a research project to explore the state of the art in the chosen renewable source. Assigned problems, projects and quizzes 40% Test-1 (During fifth week) 20% Test-2 (During tenth week) 20% Test-3 (During final exam week) 20% DUAL LEVEL COURSE 2- Fundamentals and Applications of Solar Energy, MECH6094 Course Description: This course provides the students a platform to disseminate the knowledge regarding fundamentals of solar energy and design of solar appliances based thermal modeling. In this context, the students will study and analyze solar thermal energy collection, conversion, utilization and storage for different applications. Furthermore, the concept and design of photovoltaic systems will be introduced as well. The role of nanotechnology in both solar energy harvesting and storage will be presented. graduate and senior engineering students. 8
3 Pre-requisites: Graduate and Senior standings. Learning Outcomes: This course will provide the students a platform to disseminate the knowledge regarding fundamentals of solar energy and design of solar appliances namely: - Fundamentals of solar energy and design of solar appliances - Thermal modeling of solar appliances and its applications - PV systems - Solar energy storage systems. - Basic economics of solar systems Topics for Exploration include: Fundamentals of heat transfer and thermodynamics and their involvement and importance in solar energy. Heat transfer by radiation: emissivity, absorbitivity, Stefan-Boltzmann law, spectral intensity, emissive power, relation to irradiation and radiosity, blackbody radiation; Plank distribution and band emission. Solar thermal energy: the sun, the earth, solar spectrum and radiation, sun-earth angles, availability of solar radiation on horizontal and inclined surfaces, and estimation of average solar radiation. Flat-plate collectors: classification, estimation of heat transfer coefficients, optimization of heat losses. Evacuated solar collectors: evacuated-tube cover collector, and thermal analysis. Heat collection in storage tank: analysis of heat exchanger, heat collection with stratified and well mixed tanks. Air solar heaters. Solar ponds and applications. Solar thermal energy storage: in sensible and latent heat modes. Solar energy storage in phase change materials. Role of nanotechnology: in harvesting and storing of solar thermal energy. Economics, potential and environmental impact of using solar thermal energy. Photovoltaic cells and photovoltaic conversion systems. Photovoltaic system sizing and design. Photovoltaic applications. Solar energy storage. Role of nanotechnology in solar energy. Schedule and Classroom Procedure: The course is fourteen weeks in duration and consists of three hours per week for lecture. The students are expected to attend all classes on time. Homework will be collected in weekly basis. A significant part of the final course grade will rest on participation and on actual contributions to class discussions and presentations. Multiple quizzes/exams will be conducted and a final exam will be conducted as well. Team projects: the students will be divided into teams. The team leaders will be selected from the graduate students. Three projects will be assigned; optimization of flat plate collectors, designing of a PV system for an average home in Ohio, designing of a solar water heating system for an average home in Ohio. Participation in class, homework, and quizzes 20% Team Projects 30% Test-1 (During seventh week) 25% Test-2 (During final exam week) 25% GRADUATE LEVEL COURSE 3- Engineering Energy Systems, ENGR7020C Course Description: This graduate level curriculum is designated for STEM school teachers as a guide to renewable energies. This is a multidisciplinary course in energy systems, which includes: energy crisis, a brief intro to thermo-fluid/heat transfer basics, forms of energy, energy conversion, energy storage, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, biomass, alternate fuels, and integration between different energy systems. STEM school teachers. Learning Outcomes: At the time of completion of this course; students will - Complete analytical research projects that investigate and predict the impact of using different energy recourses to assist solving the energy crisis. In this context the students will develop analytically projects for the solar collector efficiency, the design of a PV System, the wind turbine performance, and the design of thermal energy storage system. - Use different numerical approaches and graphs to define the role of key parameters that affect the performance of examined energy systems. - Communicate scientific information to an audience of their peers. - Introduce the fundamentals of renewable energies in different educational school levels, elementary, middle, and high schools. Topics and in class activities include: Energy crisis, intro to thermo-fluid sciences, forms of energy, energy conversion, energy storage; and Introduction to the Big Idea Project and different analytical approaches to solve the energy crisis. are main concepts of alternate energy recourses, solar, wind, geothermal, and hydropower. Unites and units conversion. Solar thermal collectors, using the computer lab to create a simulation model to enhance the solar collector performance Solar Photovoltaics, PV: basic principles, semiconductors and "doping", the p-n junction, monocrystalline silicon cells. Photovoltaic system sizing and design. Using the computer lab to design for a PV system for a home. Analyzing the results and making essential graphs. Wind Energy: energy and power in the wind. Potential and offshore wind energy. Wind turbines types; horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines. Using the computer lab to analyze the wind turbine performance. Analyzing the results and making essential graphs. Energy Storage: different 9
4 energy storage mediums and techniques. Using the computer lab to create a model for energy storage system. Analyzing the results and making essential graphs. Integration between different energy recourses/systems. Participation, in class activities, and homework 30% Team Projects-1 15% Team Projects-2 15% Team Projects-3 15% In my class room activities 25% 4- Outcomes from a Senior Design Project MET 5091 Project Title: Solar Thermal Energy Storage System Based on Nanomaterials Students: Matthew George and Patrick Mihalik Supervisor: Ahmed Elgafy, PhD Abstract: The design of the new generation of solar energy storage systems has grown in importance with the urgent need to harvest and store solar energy. In this entry, the design and fabrication of an advanced solar energy storage system based nanomaterials is introduced. A phase change material infiltrated by carbon nanofibers was used as the solar energy storage medium. The design and fabrication of the nanomaterial, storage medium enclosure, heat exchanger, and pumping and plumbing systems were performed. A flat plate solar collector was selected to provide solar energy to the storage system. The new system was tested demonstrating excessive capacity to store solar energy. Experimental: The layout of the system is shown in Fig. 1. It consists mainly of a solar panel, a heat exchanger; which contains the storage medium; a pump, a radiator, a flow meter and two three way valve. Fig. 1 System Layout Operation: During the day time, heated water from solar panel heats the storage medium through the heat exchanger. The storage medium, nanomaterial, contains the heat to be used in different purposes. When there is no longer any solar energy available, cooled water is pumped through the heat exchanger. The cooled water will be heated from the stored heat in the storage medium and then be used directly as hot water. The heated water travels to a radiator to heat a space. During peak demand periods (where the energy cost is maximum) the system would work to reduce energy cost. Basic Idea: Storage medium is the key for solar storage system. Paraffin waxes are used as PCMs for thermal storage applications because of their desirable characteristics. However, waxes exhibit some inherent limitations, such as low thermal conductivity. Their lower thermal conductivities reduce the heat exchange rate during melting and solidification cycles and therefore the overall power of the phase change regenerator decreases. Innovation: Infiltrating paraffin waxes by carbon nanofibers increases their thermal conductivities significantly, up to 40% more [9]. Project Results: A PCM infiltrated by carbon nanofibers was used as the solar energy storage medium. The design and fabrication of the nanomaterial, storage medium enclosure, heat exchanger, and pumping and plumbing systems were performed. A flat-plate solar collector was selected to provide the solar energy to storage system. The design of different components in the system was based on an 11 kg mass of the used nanomaterial to store an amount of heat up to 3.5 MJ. The new system was tested demonstrating excessive capacity to store solar energy of 5.7 MJ. CONCLUSION The contribution of renewables to world energy supply is increasing significantly. It is necessary to retool individuals career to be able to diminish the energy crisis. As an essential step to prepare undergraduates and graduates students for further educational levels in the renewables; comprehensive renewable energy courses should be introduced and taught at the undergraduate and graduate educational level. In this context, three comprehensive courses and a senior design project for renewable energy systems are introduced at different educational levels. The main goal of these courses is to motivate the students to be involved in the field of renewable energies and to consider it in their future career. The main outcomes of these courses include: to be able to understand and analyze energy conversion, utilization and storage for renewable technologies such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, tides and waves. To acquire the knowledge and skills to model and design renewable energy systems. To include the nanotechnology in future application in renewable energies. REFERENCES [1] Elgafy A., (2013), "Renewable energy resources: multidisciplinary approaches to undergraduate engineering education", Encyclopedia of Energy Engineering and Technology, 2013, DOI: /E-EEE , Taylor & Francis. 10
5 [2] Iniyan S., Sumathy K. An optimal renewable energy model for various end-uses. Energy 2000, 25, [3] Jennings, P. New Directions in renewable energy education. Renewable Energy 2009, 34, [4] Jennings, P.; Lund, C. Renewable energy education for sustainable development. Renewable Energy 2001, 22, [5] Benchikh, O. Global renewable energy education and training program. Desalination 2001, 141, [6] O Mara, K.; Jennings P. Innovative renewable energy education using the world wide web. Renewable Energy 2001, 22, [7] Garg H., Kandpal T. Renewable Energy Education; Omega Scientific Publishers: New Delhi, India, [8] Elgafy, A.; Lafdi, K. Thermal energy storage in nanocomposites, Proceedings of INTERTECH'2010, Ilhéus, Brazil, March [9] Mihalik P., George M. and - Elgafy A., "Solar energy storage system based nanomaterials ", Encyclopedia of Energy Engineering and Technology, 2nd Ed; Taylor and Francis: New York, 2014; Vol. 3,
Post graduate program for engineering leading to M.Tech in renewable energy systems with specialization in solar energy
Post graduate program for engineering leading to M.Tech in renewable energy systems with specialization in solar energy 1.0 Introduction India s growing energy needs mixed with world s order for reducing
More informationHEAT TRANSFER IM0245 3 LECTURE HOURS PER WEEK THERMODYNAMICS - IM0237 2014_1
COURSE CODE INTENSITY PRE-REQUISITE CO-REQUISITE CREDITS ACTUALIZATION DATE HEAT TRANSFER IM05 LECTURE HOURS PER WEEK 8 HOURS CLASSROOM ON 6 WEEKS, HOURS LABORATORY, HOURS OF INDEPENDENT WORK THERMODYNAMICS
More informationEducation & Training Plan Renewable Energy Specialist Online
Education & Training Plan Renewable Energy Specialist Online MyCAA Information Tuition: $3600 (1 exam included for LEED) MyCAA Course Code: LIT-RES3 Course Contact Hours: 365 Hours Program Duration: 6
More informationRainwater Harvesting
Rainwater Harvesting With climate change now a reality rather than a speculated possibility, the demand on water resources has gone up, whilst the amount of water available for supply has gone down. Forth
More informationMaster of Science Program (M.Sc.) in Renewable Energy Engineering in Qassim University
Master of Science Program (M.Sc.) in Renewable Energy Engineering in Qassim University Introduction: The world is facing the reality that the global energy demand is increasing significantly over the coming
More informationDesign Exercises and Projects in Energy Engineering Course
Session XXXX Design Exercises and Projects in Energy Engineering Course Kendrick Aung Department of Mechanical Engineering Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710 Abstract Energy Engineering is a senior
More informationMCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE
1 MCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE 1. The volume of a given mass of water at a temperature of T 1 is V 1. The volume increases to V 2 at temperature T 2. The coefficient of volume expansion of water may be calculated
More informationConsider How can you collect solar energy for use in your school? What are other alternatives?
5 a 5 Energy Sources a - Energy from the sun Purpose To explore sourcing our energy from the sun Key concepts Solar energy is a natural and renewable resource Heat energy from the sun can be used to heat
More informationModule 7 Forms of energy generation
INTRODUCTION In rich countries like Australia, our standard of living is dependent on easily available energy. Every time you catch a bus, turn on a light or watch television energy is being used up. Over
More informationSustainable Energy Sources By: Sue Peterson
www.k5learning.com Objective sight words (consumption, terrain, integral, orbit, originated, contemporary, remote); concepts (sustainable, renewable, photovoltaics, gasification) Vocabulary consumption
More informationIssue paper: Definition of primary and secondary energy
Issue paper: Definition of primary and secondary energy Prepared as input to Chapter 3: Standard International Energy Classification (SIEC) in the International Recommendation on Energy Statistics (IRES)
More informationEnergy: renewable sources of energy. Renewable Energy Sources
Energy: renewable sources of energy Energy Sources 1 It is technically and economically feasible to phase out net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions almost entirely by 2050. A report by energy consulting firm
More information12.5: Generating Current Electricity pg. 518
12.5: Generating Current Electricity pg. 518 Key Concepts: 1. Electrical energy is produced by energy transformations. 2. Electrical energy is produced from renewable and non-renewable resources. 4. Electrical
More informationENERGY PRODUCING SYSTEMS
ENERGY PRODUCING SYSTEMS SOLAR POWER INTRODUCTION Energy from the sun falls on our planet on a daily basis. The warmth of the sun creates conditions on earth conducive to life. The weather patterns that
More informationThe University of Jordan Faculty of Engineering and Technology Mechanical Engineering Department
The University of Jordan Faculty of Mechanical Department A Masters Program Proposal in Renewable Energy The University of Jordan/ Faculty of Mechanical Department 1 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Program
More informationGreen Education through Green Power: Photovoltaics as a Conduit to Interdisciplinary Learning
Green Education through Green Power: Photovoltaics as a Conduit to Interdisciplinary Learning The proposed project will enable ABC University to: 1) develop an interdisciplinary educational program to
More informationIntegrating a Renewable Energy Degree into an Existing Mechanical Engineering Program
Integrating a Renewable Energy Degree into an Existing Mechanical Engineering Program Corey Jones, Robert Rogers, John Anderson Department of Mechanical Engineering Oregon Institute of Technology Klamath
More informationStation #1 Interpreting Infographs
Energy Resources Stations Activity Page # 1 Station #1 Interpreting Infographs 1. Identify and explain each of the energy sources (5) illustrated in the infograph. 2. What do the white and black circles
More informationCOMPARING ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF DOMESTIC
COMPARING ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF DOMESTIC SOLAR WATER HEATER INSTALLATION IN MAJOR CITIES OF PAKISTAN Warda Ajaz 1 1 Centre For Energy Systems, NUST ABSTRACT Adequate and consistent energy supply is often
More informationSolar Thermal Systems
Solar Thermal Systems Design and Applications in the UAE Murat Aydemir Viessmann Middle East FZE General Manager (M.Sc. Mech.Eng., ASHRAE) Dubai Knowledge Village Congress Centre, Dubai 20.4.2009 Viessmann
More informationPAMUN XV ENVIRONMENT COMMITTEE PROMOTING THE MOVEMENT TOWARDS RENEWABLE RESOURCES OF ENERGY
PAMUN XV ENVIRONMENT COMMITTEE PROMOTING THE MOVEMENT TOWARDS RENEWABLE RESOURCES OF ENERGY Introduction of Topic Currently non-renewable resources make up 85% of the world's energy consumption; a major
More information5-Minute Refresher: RENEWABLE ENERGY
5-Minute Refresher: RENEWABLE ENERGY Renewable Energy Key Ideas Renewable energy is a source of energy that can be used and replenished naturally in a relatively short period of time. Non renewable energy
More informationScience Grade 06 Unit 05 Exemplar Lesson 01: Advantages and Disadvantages of Energy Resources
Grade 06 Unit 05 Exemplar Lesson 01: Advantages and Disadvantages of Energy Resources This lesson is one approach to teaching the State Standards associated with this unit. Districts are encouraged to
More informationSolar systems provide a range of flexible heating
f a c t s h e e t 7 Solar Power Production photo by Alex Nikada Why solar? Solar systems provide a range of flexible heating and electricity options and are particularly wellsuited to remote or off-grid
More informationAlternative Energy Resources
Alternative Energy Resources Energy Resource Advantages Disadvantages What are some renewable energy resources? A nonrenewable resource cannot be replaced in a reasonable amount of time. Fossil fuels such
More informationThe impact Equation where scientists and engineers fit in the picture
The impact Equation where scientists and engineers fit in the picture In a series of papers in 1970-74, Paul Ehrlich and John Holdren proposed the following equation to estimate the overall impact of our
More informationOffshore Wind: some of the Engineering Challenges Ahead
Offshore Wind: some of the Engineering Challenges Ahead David Infield CDT in Wind Energy Systems Institute of Energy and Environment University of Strathclyde International context (from IPCC report) Greenhouse
More informationSolar and Wind Energy for Greenhouses. A.J. Both 1 and Tom Manning 2
Solar and Wind Energy for Greenhouses A.J. Both 1 and Tom Manning 2 1 Associate Extension Specialist 2 Project Engineer NJ Agricultural Experiment Station Rutgers University 20 Ag Extension Way New Brunswick,
More informationDo-Now. 1.) Get out notebook.
Do-Now 1.) Get out notebook. 2.) Answer the following questions on the first clean sheet in your notebook. 1.) What are renewable resources? 2.) What are nonrenewable resources? Alternative Sources of
More informationGlossary of Terms Avoided Cost - Backfeed - Backup Generator - Backup Power - Base Rate or Fixed Charge Baseload Generation (Baseload Plant) -
Glossary of Terms Avoided Cost - The incremental cost Flint Energies would pay for the next kilowatt-hour of power in the open marketplace for energy. Flint Energies Board of Directors sets this Avoided
More informationAlternative Energy. Terms and Concepts: Relative quantities of potential energy resources, Solar constant, Economies of scale
Objectives Key Terms and Concepts Introduction Solar Wind Hydroelectric Power Geothermal Sources Biofuels Summary: Economies of Scale Questions for the video if time permits Alternative Energy Objectives:
More informationMONITORING SCHOOL ENERGY CONSUMPTION
MONITORING SCHOOL ENERGY CONSUMPTION Goal(s): The mains goal of the energy monitoring activity are: To make the pupils and all school staff aware of school energy consumption; and To show how changes in
More informationALONE. small scale solar cooling device Project No TREN FP7EN 218952. Project No TREN/FP7EN/218952 ALONE. small scale solar cooling device
Project No TREN/FP7EN/218952 ALONE small scale solar cooling device Collaborative Project Small or Medium-scale Focused Research Project DELIVERABLE D5.2 Start date of the project: October 2008, Duration:
More informationGenerating Current Electricity: Complete the following summary table for each way that electrical energy is generated. Pros:
P a g e 1 Generating Current Electricity: Complete the following summary table for each way that electrical energy is generated. Generating Electrical Energy Using Moving Water: Hydro-Electric Generation
More informationSolar PV panels fitted to roofs. Solar PV panels produce electricity from energy provided by sunlight. 3.5 MWh per system
Solar PV panels fitted to roofs Yearly cost of production Cost per kwh 12.5p Solar PV panels produce electricity from energy provided by sunlight. 3.5 MWh per system 430 per system Solar energy can be
More informationNUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION. Advantages and disadvantages of different technologies and fuel sources; risks and opportunities
NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION Submission on Issues Paper 3: Advantages and disadvantages of different technologies and fuel sources; risks and opportunities 3.8 What issues should be considered in
More informationTransient Analysis of Integrated Shiraz Hybrid Solar Thermal Power Plant Iman Niknia 1, Mahmood Yaghoubi 1, 2
Transient Analysis of Integrated Shiraz Hybrid Solar Thermal Power Plant Iman Niknia 1, Mahmood Yaghoubi 1, 2 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 1, 2 Shiraz University,
More informationSolar Power Systems Web Monitoring
Solar Power Systems Web Monitoring Bimal Aklesh Kumar Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Fiji National University Abstract All over the world the peak demand load is increasing and
More informationIn science, energy is the ability to do work. Work is done when a force causes an
What is energy? In science, energy is the ability to do work. Work is done when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force. Energy is expressed in units of joules (J). A joule is calculated
More informationEnergy payback time and life-cycle conversion efficiency of solar energy park in Indian conditions
*Corresponding author: gntiwari@ces.iitd.ernet.in Energy payback time and life-cycle conversion efficiency of solar energy park in Indian conditions... Prabhakant and G.N. Tiwari * Center for Energy Studies,
More informationRenewable Energy: Essential terms terms and and concepts for citizens and a dvocates advocates
Renewable Energy: Essential terms and concepts for citizens and advocates Courtesy of NASA Contact Information Pete Shoemaker Pacific Energy Center 851 Howard St. San Francisco, CA 94103 (415) 973-8850
More informationThe Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Correlation to. EarthComm, Second Edition. Project-Based Space and Earth System Science
The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Achieve, Inc. on behalf of the twenty-six states and partners that collaborated on the NGSS Copyright 2013 Achieve, Inc. All rights reserved. Correlation to,
More informationwww.universityquestions.in
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK SUBJECT: ME6701-POWER PLANT ENGINEERING YEAR/SEM: III/V UNIT-I COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANTS 1. What are the processes of rankine cycle?
More informationTesting and Performance of the Convex Lens Concentrating Solar Power Panel Prototype
Testing and Performance of the Convex Lens Concentrating Solar Power Panel Prototype Ankit S. Gujrathi 1, Prof. Dilip Gehlot 2 1 M.tech (2 nd Year), 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engg.,
More informationFULL SOLAR SUPPLY OF INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES - THE EXAMPLE JAPAN
FULL SOLAR SUPPLY OF INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES - THE EXAMPLE JAPAN Dr. Harry Lehmann 1 It has long been known that to protect people and the environment from both nuclear risks and dangerous levels of climate
More informationSustainable water heating solutions through solar systems
VIESMANN Sustainable water heating solutions through solar systems Murat Aydemir Managing Director Viessmann Middle East FZE Viessmann is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects
More informationReport Date: 04/03/2014. Assessor: John Doyle Address: BLOCK K APT 108 SANDYFORD VIEW DUBLIN 18 BER: 106178106 MPRN: 10301589669
Report Date: 04/03/2014 Assessor: John Doyle Address: BLOCK K APT 108 SANDYFORD VIEW DUBLIN 18 BER: 106178106 MPRN: 10301589669 About this Advisory Report Energy use in our homes is responsible for almost
More informationSea Water Heat Pump Project
Sea Water Heat Pump Project Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, AK Presenter: Andy Baker, PE, YourCleanEnergy LLC Also Present is ASLC Operations Manager: Darryl Schaefermeyer ACEP Rural Energy Conference Forum
More informationSOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE
2010 Cenresin Publications www.cenresin.org SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE Chikaire, J. Nnadi, F.N., Nwakwasi, R.N., Anyoha, N.O, Aja O.O., Onoh, P.A., and Nwachukwu C.A. Department of Agricultural
More informationWhat s It All About? The Sun as a Power Source Instructor Guide
What s It All About? The Sun as a Power Source Instructor Guide Subject Area Unit Grade Time Science Earth Science K - 1st grade 45 minutes Overview This activity reinforces the concept that the sun supplies
More informationThe Physics of Energy sources Renewable sources of energy. Solar Energy
The Physics of Energy sources Renewable sources of energy Solar Energy B. Maffei Bruno.maffei@manchester.ac.uk Renewable sources 1 Solar power! There are basically two ways of using directly the radiative
More informationch 15 practice test Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
ch 15 practice test Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Work is a transfer of a. energy. c. mass. b. force. d. motion. 2. What
More informationAP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2012 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2012 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 2 The Fremont School District uses oil to heat school buildings. Go Green! is a new project the district will implement. The superintendent has
More informationThe purpose of this unit plan is to help students research and share information about Renewable
Page 1 of 6 Renewable Sources of Energy: A Research and Building Unit Plan Brief description The purpose of this unit plan is to help students research and share information about Renewable Sources of
More informationPassive & Active Design
Passive & Active Design CIBSE Building Simulations Group Peter A. Brown CEng, MBA October 2010 Introduction Passive & Active Design Introduction What are the interactions between passive and active design?
More informationSAN DIEGO COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT CITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATE DEGREE COURSE OUTLINE
AIRE 160 CIC Approval: 12/11/2008 BOT APPROVAL: 01/22/2009 STATE APPROVAL: EFFECTIVE TERM: SECTION I SAN DIEGO COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT CITY COLLEGE ASSOCIATE DEGREE COURSE OUTLINE SUBJECT AREA AND COURSE
More informationAN ACT RELATING TO UTILITIES; ALLOWING RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATES TO BE ISSUED FOR THE USE OF THERMAL ENERGY PRODUCED BY
AN ACT RELATING TO UTILITIES; ALLOWING RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATES TO BE ISSUED FOR THE USE OF THERMAL ENERGY PRODUCED BY GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES; SETTING STANDARDS FOR MEASUREMENT OF THERMAL ENERGY
More information2. The German energy transition is driven by citizens and communities.
8 Key Finfings Energy Transition The German Energiewende By Craig Morris, Martin Pehnt An initiative of the Heinrich Böll Foundation Released on 28 November 2012 Revised July 2015 www. 8 Key Findings German
More informationEffect of Ambient Conditions on Thermal Properties of Photovoltaic Cells: Crystalline and Amorphous Silicon
Effect of Ambient Conditions on Thermal Properties of Photovoltaic Cells: Crystalline and Amorphous Silicon Latifa Sabri 1, Mohammed Benzirar 2 P.G. Student, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences
More informationSustainable Schools 2009. Renewable Energy Technologies. Andrew Lyle RD Energy Solutions
Sustainable Schools 2009 Renewable Energy Technologies Andrew Lyle RD Energy Solutions RD Energy Solutions Energy efficiency and renewable energy consultancy Project management of installations Maintenance
More informationSOLAR PV-WIND HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEM
SOLAR PV-WIND HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEM J.Godson 1,M.Karthick 2,T.Muthukrishnan 3,M.S.Sivagamasundari 4 Final year UG students, Department of EEE,V V College of Engineering,Tisaiyanvilai, Tirunelveli,
More informationSOLAR HOT WATER SOLUTIONS Ground Systems
SOLAR HOT WATER SOLUTIONS Ground Systems RHEEM. SINCE 1937. Rheem has been manufacturing in Australia since 1937. Over seventy-five years later, Rheem is a household name and is as much a part of the fabric
More informationCreation of Hotels with Zero CO 2 Emissions Due to Energy Use: A Case Study in Crete-Greece
J. Energy Power Sources Vol. 2, No. 8, 2015, pp. 301-307 Received: August 3, 2015, Published: August 30, 2015 Journal of Energy and Power Sources www.ethanpublishing.com Creation of Hotels with Zero CO
More informationSweden Energy efficiency report
Sweden Energy efficiency report Objectives: o 41 TWh of end use energy savings in 216 o 2 reduction in total energy intensity by 22 Overview - (%/year) Primary intensity (EU=1)¹ 124 - -1.8% + CO 2 intensity
More informationFlorida Department of Education Student Performance Standards
Florida Department of Education Student Performance Standards 2015 2016 Course Title: Fundamentals of Energy Course Number: 9790300 Course Length: One Year Course Description: The purpose of this course
More informationSPQ Module 3 Solar Power
SPQ Module 3 Solar Power The sun is the source of all life on earth. Yet we sometimes forget how central it is to our every activity. We stumble through our daily routine worrying about the mundane tribulations
More informationYOUR ENERGY IS OUR BUSINESS ELECTRICAL. www.glevumheating.co.uk Tel 01452 387066 Freephone 0800 038 1216
YOUR ENERGY IS OUR BUSINESS ELECTRICAL www.glevumheating.co.uk Tel 01452 387066 Freephone 0800 038 1216 Glevum Heating provides heating, electrical and renewable energy solutions to domestic and commercial
More informationPre-Release Material for examination on 16 June 2016. To be opened on receipt. A new copy of this Folder will be given out in the examination.
GCE A level 124/1-B GEOGRAPHY G4 Sustainability S16-124-1B Pre-Release Material for examination on 16 June 216. To be opened on receipt. A new copy of this Folder will be given out in the examination.
More informationNew technical solutions for energy efficient buildings
- New technical solutions for energy efficient buildings State of the Art Report New technologies for heat pumps Authors: Heimo Staller, Angelika Tisch, IFZ Oct. 2010 Background Heat pumps are machines
More informationAbstract. emails: ronderby@earthlink.net, splazzara@aol.com, phone: 860-429-6508, fax: 860-429-4456
SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT WITH THERMAL STORAGE Ronald C. Derby, President Samuel P. Lazzara, Chief Technical Officer Cenicom Solar Energy LLC * Abstract TM employs 88 parabolic mirrors (concentrating dishes)
More informationWhat is Solar? The word solar is derived from the Latin word sol (the sun, the Roman sun god) and refers to things and methods that relate to the sun.
What is Solar? The word solar is derived from the Latin word sol (the sun, the Roman sun god) and refers to things and methods that relate to the sun. What is the solar industry? The solar industry is
More informationRenewable Energy Technology
Renewable Energy Technology INDIVIDUAL PROGRAM INFORMATION 2015 2016 866.Macomb1 (866.622.6621) www.macomb.edu Renewable Energy Technology PROGRAM OPTIONS CREDENTIAL TITLE CREDIT HOURS REQUIRED NOTES Certificate
More informationSolar power Availability of solar energy
Solar Energy Solar Energy is radiant energy produced in the sun as a result of nuclear fusion reactions. It is transmitted to the earth through space by electromagnetic radiation in quanta of energy called
More informationGreen Energy Technology, Economics and Policy
Green Energy Technology, Economics and Policy Editors U.Aswathanarayana, General Editor Mahadevan International Centre for Water Resources Management, Hyderabad, India T. Harikrishnan, Section 3 IAEA,
More informationCapacity planning for fossil fuel and renewable energy resources power plants
Capacity planning for fossil fuel and renewable energy resources power plants S. F. Ghaderi *,Reza Tanha ** Ahmad Karimi *** *,** Research Institute of Energy Management and Planning and Department of
More informationEVALUATION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY AS HEAT SOURCE OF DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS IN TIANJIN, CHINA
EVALUATION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY AS HEAT SOURCE OF DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS IN TIANJIN, CHINA Jingyu Zhang, Xiaoti Jiang, Jun Zhou, and Jiangxiong Song Tianjin University, North China Municipal Engineering
More informationRenewable Energy Development in Uzbekistan
Conference Integration of Central Asia into the World economy: Role of Energy and Infrastructure 22 October 2007, Washington D.C. Renewable Energy Development in Uzbekistan Technology Transfer Agency is
More informationA Proposal for Solar Energy Power in the city of Boulder, Colorado
A Proposal for Solar Energy Power in the city of Boulder, Colorado May 6, 2006 GEOL 4080 Hartmut Spetzler By: Kelly Butler Steven Theesfeld Amanda Nahm Ben Greene Mike Stauthamer Nick Struck Executive
More informationINTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
RENEWABle ENERGies INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION RENEWABle ENERGIES 1 In standardization, we work in three areas concerned with RE: water, sun and wind. Technical Committee 4: Hydraulic turbines.
More informationThe days of cheap abundant electricity are over! This article forms part
Solar Power for Metal Finishers By Helmut Hertzog of Atlantic Solar The days of cheap abundant electricity are over! This article forms part of a series of articles where we will explore the possibility
More informationMaking Coal Use Compatible with Measures to Counter Global Warming
Making Use Compatible with Measures to Counter Global Warming The J-POWER Group is one of the biggest coal users in Japan, consuming approximately 2 million tons of coal per year at eight coal-fired power
More informationPhysics and Economy of Energy Storage
International Conference Energy Autonomy through Storage of Renewable Energies by EUROSOLAR and WCRE October 30 and 31, 2006 Gelsenkirchen / Germany Physics and Economy of Energy Storage Ulf Bossel European
More informationGreenhouse gas abatement potential in Israel
Greenhouse gas abatement potential in Israel Israel s GHG abatement cost curve Translated executive summary, November 2009 1 Executive Summary Background At the December 2009 UNFCCC Conference in Copenhagen,
More informationSolar Thermal Energy Storage Technologies
Solar Thermal Energy Storage Technologies Doerte Laing, German Aerospace Center (DLR) ENERGY FORUM, 10,000 Solar GIGAWATTS Hannover, 23. April 2008 Folie 1 Energy Storage for Concentrating Solar Power
More informationHow to Earn the LEED Green Power Credit
3D EG REES WH ITE PAPER How to Earn the LEED Green Power Credit Using on-site and off-site renewable energy to mitigate the impact of greenhouse gas emissions associated with a LEED project s energy use
More informationALASKA S GREEN ECONOMY SUMMARY
ALASKA S GREEN ECONOMY SUMMARY The emerging green economy is diverse and widespread. To varying degrees, every state is witnessing growth in some green industry segment, and more often than not, this business
More informationH.S. Solar Energy: Solar Powered Cars
D R I G r e e n P o w e r P r o g r a m G r e e n B o x H.S. Solar Energy: Solar Powered Cars Created by: Learning Cycle 5E Lesson Based upon and modified from Roger Bybee* (1990) *Bybee, R & Landes, N.
More informationTHERMAL PERFORMANCE OF EVACUATED TUBE AND FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTORS IN NORDIC CLIMATE CONDITIONS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET) International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 6359
More informationInternational Solar Energy Arena January 23rd, 2009, Istanbul STEAM (Strategic Technical Economic Research Center)
International Solar Energy Arena January 23rd, 2009, Istanbul STEAM (Strategic Technical Economic Research Center) Good morning. Sayin Bakanım. Members of Parliament. Ladies and Gentlemen. Slide 1: Opening
More informationANALYSIS OF THE ADMINISTRATION S PROPOSED TAX INCENTIVES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
June 28, 1999 ANALYSIS OF THE ADMINISTRATION S PROPOSED TAX INCENTIVES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION A few months ago in the FY 2000 budget the President proposed a $3.6 billion
More informationCANADA S RESOURCES: CONVENTIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
CANADA S RESOURCES: CONVENTIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Introduction Canadians are among the highest energy consumers in the world. Why? (list 3 possible reasons) Northern climate/very cold temperatures
More informationSection III. (School of Applied Technology) Breadth Course Proposal. Renewable Energy Systems. Lower Level. Upper Level. None.
Section III (School of Applied Technology) Breadth Course Proposal This is a model for the submission of new breadth course proposals. It is not intended to be the final outline for the course but rather,
More informationFLUID MECHANICS IM0235 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS - CB0235 2014_1
COURSE CODE INTENSITY PRE-REQUISITE CO-REQUISITE CREDITS ACTUALIZATION DATE FLUID MECHANICS IM0235 3 LECTURE HOURS PER WEEK 48 HOURS CLASSROOM ON 16 WEEKS, 32 HOURS LABORATORY, 112 HOURS OF INDEPENDENT
More informationNew Energy Alternatives
New Energy Alternatives New Renewables Commonly referred to as new because: not used on a wide scale technologies that are still in development believed that they will play a large role in the future Chapter
More informationModule 2.2. Heat transfer mechanisms
Module 2.2 Heat transfer mechanisms Learning Outcomes On successful completion of this module learners will be able to - Describe the 1 st and 2 nd laws of thermodynamics. - Describe heat transfer mechanisms.
More informationRenewable Solar. Solar Basics. Energy from the Sun. Solar Energy Can Be Used for Heat and Electricity
Renewable Solar Solar Basics Energy from the Sun The sun has produced energy for billions of years. Solar energy is the sun s rays (solar radiation) that reach the Earth. This energy can be converted into
More informationICONICS GEO Productivity Portals Target Renewable Energy Solutions
ARC VIEW JUNE 11, 2009 ICONICS GEO Productivity Portals Target Renewable Energy Solutions By Craig Resnick Summary ICONICS recently briefed ARC regarding the company s GEO Productivity Portal solutions.
More informationSOLAR ENERGY OVERVIEW WHAT S S NEW WHAT S S NEXT WHAT S S NEEDED
SOLAR ENERGY OVERVIEW WHAT S S NEW WHAT S S NEXT WHAT S S NEEDED PHOTOVOLTAICS NEW: CONCENTRATOR PV NEXT: MULTIPLE JUNCTION 2 PV Deployment & Cost Extrapolation MW PV Installed Per Year 40000 35000 30000
More informationGOING FOR A SPIN: Making a Model Steam Turbine
GOING FOR A SPIN: Making a Model Steam Turbine PLANNING OVERVIEW SUBJECT AREAS: Physical Science, Math, Language Arts TIMING: Preparation: 30-60 minutes Activity: 1-2 45-minute class periods Note: Going
More informationGreen Heating. Pupil Research Brief. Teachers Notes. Syllabus Coverage Subject Knowledge and Understanding. Route through the Brief UPIL ESEARCHER
R P UPIL ESEARCHER Green Heating I NITIATIVE Pupil Research Brief Teachers Notes Syllabus Coverage Subject Knowledge and Understanding all types of electromagnetic radiation form a continuous spectrum
More information