Pasuruan District, Indonesia

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1 Pasuruan District, Indonesia Local progress report on the implementation of the 10 Essentials for Making Cities Resilient ( ) Mayor: H. Irsyad Yusuf, S.E, M.M Name of focal point: Valentinus Irawan Organization: BNPB Title/Position: Specialist, Focal point for local level actions address: Telephone: Reporting period: Last updated on: 16 November 2014 Print date: 16 November 2014 Reporting language: English A Local HFA Monitor update published by PreventionWeb Local Progress Report /26

2 Essential 1 Put in place organization and coordination to understand and reduce disaster risk, based on participation of citizen groups and civil society. Build local alliances. Ensure that all departments understand their role to disaster risk reduction and preparedness. How well are local organizations (including local government) equipped with capacities (knowledge, experience, official mandate) for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation? The establishment of Local Disaster Management Office (BPBD) of Pasuruan District in 2010 as the realization of Law No. 24/2007 on Disaster Management. The existent of BPBD expected to coordinate the disaster management activities of the district. Building awareness on disaster risk reduction also has been developed by some agencies in this region based on their function relate to disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. Those agencies among other Environment Body, Public Work Office, Health Office, Agriculture, Forestry, Marine and Fisheries etc. BPBD on its program every year has been includes the DRR activities through socialization, workshop, training, IEC spread out, resilience program at village level, DRR partnership program with relate stakeholders from government and nongovernment as well as the community. Technical agency such as Environment Body conduct the training for official on environment preservation program. The Middle Long Term Development indirectly mentioned about disaster reduction but included to development sector such as agriculture and environment. Related links > Disaster Management Training for Officials To what extent do partnerships exist between communities, private sector and local authorities to reduce risk? Level of Progress achieved: 3 Local Progress Report /26

3 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) law has been endorsed but there is no dissemination at district level yet. It causes resources usage is not optimum yet. A corporate has been involved in DM capacity building for community volunteers. Community engagement also was carried out by government and CSO to build up communities capacities in communication and disaster management. On the other hand, forum to engage all the stakeholders needs to be established as media for linking and learning best practices Reference documents > Assessment on Regulation and Institution of Disaster Management Agency (2010) Related links > Public Private Partnership Program How much does the local government support vulnerable local communities (particularly women, elderly, infirmed, children) to actively participate in risk reduction decision-making, policy making, planning and implementation processes? There has no significant involvement of vulnerable groups in Disaster risk reduction sector. The budget limitation hinders the local authorities to disseminate and involve vulnerable groups. The socialization on DRR to vulnerable group limited to women group. Lack of fund and understanding of DRR issues detain the fulfillment of civil right for vulnerable local community. To what extent does the local government participate in the national DRR planning? Local Progress Report /26

4 Involvement on DRR activities only limits in provincial level. The region also adapted national climate change program in designing green map but still lack of community engagement and minimum coordination with central authorities. Local Progress Report /26

5 Essential 2 Assign a budget for disaster risk reduction and provide incentives for homeowners, low-income families, communities, businesses and public sector to invest in reducing the risks they face. How far does the local government have access to adequate financial resources to carry out risk reduction activities? Although there are available human resources, but the lack of financial support hinder the region to develop its risk reduction capacities. There are national programs on disaster risk reduction implementing at local level. Right now the fund allocation for disaster risk activities limited to routine active such as office operational and staff salary. To what degree does the local government allocate sufficient financial resources to carry out DRR activities, including effective disaster response and recovery? Provincial Disaster Management Agency has already allocated minimum fund for predisaster, emergency response, and post-dsaster, within support from various local agencies. As the activity has not become priority for the region, it has limited financial support. Local Progress Report /26

6 What is the scope of financial services (e.g. saving and credit schemes, macro and micro-insurance) available to vulnerable and marginalised households for pre- disaster times? Level of Progress achieved: 1 Not available yet and not become priority of local government. There is a need on more understanding from local government to develop a legal basic on financial support for vulnerable and marginal household and realize through fund allocation. A support from private sector also require to make the government work slightly. The common reason for program realization is fund allocation and lack of understanding on disaster risk reduction on development planning step make the program not as the government priority. Economic development for vulnerable and marginal community as one of key to reduce their vulnerability. To what extent are micro finance, cash aid, soft loans, lone guarantees etc available to affected households after disasters to restart livelihoods? Level of Progress achieved: 1 Not available yet and not become priority of local government. How well established are economic incentives for investing in disaster risk reduction for households and businesses (e.g. reduced insurance premiums for households, tax holidays for businesses)? Local Progress Report /26

7 Level of Progress achieved: 1 Not available yet and not become priority of local government. To what extent do local business associations, such as chambers of commerce and similar, support efforts of small enterprises for business continuity during and after disasters? Level of Progress achieved: 1 Not available yet. Local Progress Report /26

8 Essential 3 Maintain up-to-date data on hazards and vulnerabilities, prepare risk assessments and use these as the basis for urban development plans and decisions. Ensure that this information and the plans for your city's resilience are readily available to the public and fully discussed with them. To what degree does the local government conducted thorough disaster risk assessments for key vulnerable development sectors in your local authority? Level of Progress achieved: 3 Risk assessments have been carried out by different district agencies, such as Military, Police Department, Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysics Agency, and Disaster Management Agency also University. They have their commitment to conduct it in regular manner and to be formulate in strategic plans. However, unintegrated disaster risk reduction in other sectors causes unsynchronized DM program as different agencies hold their own risk assessment data. Reference documents > MApping of Landslide Risk at Mount Bromo Slope Pasuruan Related links > Socialization of Local Regulation on Environment Impact Analysis for Development > Environment Impact Analysis for Water Project To what extent are these risk assessments regularly updated, e.g. annually or on a bi-annual basis? Level of Progress achieved: 4 Local Progress Report /26

9 Risk assessment has already been conducted exclusively by certain agencies at district level. However, there are some initiatives to consider its result into local strategic plans. Some measures also show that regular assessment partially being carried out by research and development unit authorities. Formulation of SoP to describe clear segregation of duties in disseminating assessment result to stakeholders needs to be performed. How regularly does the local government communicate to the community, information on local hazard trends and risk reduction measures (e.g. using a Risk Communications Plan) including early warnings of likely hazard impact? Level of Progress achieved: 3 Local government has developed media communication, such as website. communication facilities, Crisis Center in District Disaster Management Agency, and media information related to the risk map forest fire. However, the existing communication mechanism should be inherent with past local wisdom which is still embedded in community values. Disaster risk socialization is one of regular program of local disaster management office, also other technical agencies such as Environment Office and Meteorology and Climate Agency. Related links > Disaster Information Socialization Post Disaster > Natural Disaster Preparedness How well are local government risk assessments linked to, and supportive of, risk assessments from neighbouring local authorities and state or provincial government risk management plans? Local Progress Report /26

10 Cross-institutional engagement has not been effectively performed by the authority. However District authority has set up Disaster Risk Reduction in its Strategic Plan to optimize collaboration among the stakeholders in this region. How well are disaster risk assessments incorporated into all relevant local development planning on a consistent basis? District Strategic Plans 2013 show an amendment to optimize District Disaster Management Agency institutionally. The existence of local regulation to endorse consideration of risk assessment result/environment impact analysis sometime ignore on the development planning. Law enforcement is one of the issue to be solved. Local Progress Report /26

11 Essential 4 Invest in and maintain critical infrastructure that reduces risk, such as flood drainage, adjusted where needed to cope with climate change. How far do land use policies and planning regulations for housing and development infrastructure take current and projected disaster risk (including climate related risks) into account? Housing Communication Transportation Energy Yes Yes Yes No Regulation on space management has already manage risk disaster map areas. Now the local authority is designing zone area mapping on the impact of transportation traffic. On the other hand, monitoring and evaluation are still weak. The economic development for regional revenue demand versus environment degradation nowadays make the disaster risk and climate change is very important as the consideration on the various development sector to ensure it sustainability. Related links > Water Project and its Environment Impact How adequately are critical public facilities and infrastructure located in high risk areas assessed for all hazard risks and safety? Local Progress Report /26

12 Local authority conducted building code proper test when the developer propose for building permit. Transportation department has also installed some signs in disaster risk areas. Nowadays the water project development by dam up the water resource that also become the water source for agriculture has trigger the pro and contra from community since the water debit has been decreased due to great ground water utilization. How adequate are the measures that are being undertaken to protect critical public facilities and infrastructure from damage during disasters? Level of Progress achieved: 1 There is still lack of maintenance for the infrastructure. The minimum coordination among departments also hinder the local authorities to minimize damage during the disasters. Local Progress Report /26

13 Essential 5 Assess the safety of all schools and health facilities and upgrade these as necessary. To what extent have local schools, hospitals and health facilities received special attention for "all hazard" risk assessments in your local authority? Level of Progress achieved: 1 Schools Hospitals/ health facilities Yes Yes The existing risk assessment is not specifically related to disaster risk reduction platform. Limited budget allocation hinder the District Disaster Management Agency to apply 'all-hazards' risk assessment regularly. How safe are all main schools, hospitals and health facilities from disasters so that they have the ability to remain operational during emergencies? Level of Progress achieved: 1 Schools Hospitals/ health facilities Yes Yes Hospitals and schools mostly are not located in risk areas. On the other hand, Local Progress Report /26

14 activities related to disaster risk reduction need to be developed comprehensively in both sectors; education and health. To what degree do local government or other levels of government have special programs in place to regularly assess schools, hospitals and health facilities for maintenance, compliance with building codes, general safety, weather-related risks etc.? Level of Progress achieved: 1 Schools Hospitals/ health facilities No No Limited resources become the main concern of local authority in carry out disaster risk reduction measures, especially in related regular assessment on public facilities properness in complying with mitigation efforts. How far are regular disaster preparedness drills undertaken in schools, hospitals and health facilities? Level of Progress achieved: 1 Schools Hospitals/ health facilities No No Some schools have already carried out regular evacuation drills. The limited knowledge and fund hinder the activity. Local Progress Report /26

15 Local Progress Report /26

16 Essential 6 Apply and enforce realistic, risk compliant building regulations and land use planning principles. Identify safe land for low-income citizens and develop upgrading of informal settlements, wherever feasible. How well are risk-sensitive land use regulations and building codes, health and safety codes enforced across all development zones and building types? Safety-code scrutiny on building mechanism has been applied by when community proposing permit to build housing. Transportation department has already put signs in risk disaster area, which however not supported by providing decent signs to evacuation area/maps. Common issues found that weak law enforcement as one of main problem at regional level on development process. How strong are existing regulations (e.g. land use plans, building codes etc) to support disaster risk reduction in your local authority? Local government is in processing designing its local regulation on region spatial planning regulation. However, disaster management regulation has been produced by its region although it still has weak implementation and monitoring mechanism, as well as lack of community participation. Local Progress Report /26

17 Essential 7 Ensure education programmes & training on disaster risk reduction are in place in schools and communities. How regularly does the local government conduct awarenessbuilding or education programs on DRR and disaster preparedness for local communities? Programs include cultural diversity issues Programs are sensitive to gender perspectives No No Different provincial agencies, such as Health Agency, Provincial Disaster Management Agency regularly conduct disaster preparedness activity although it is limited to the officials and the staffs. One of non government organization on faith based implemented the disaster risk program with support from donor agency conducted a series of training for Officials on DRR. Through the training expected the Official able to analyse the potential hazard to minimize the risk. To what extent does the local government provide training in risk reduction for local officials and community leaders? Provincial Disaster Management Agency planned to build capacity of local officials Local Progress Report /26

18 and community leaders in However, availability of the prospective target participants made the activity wasn't effectively undergone. To what degree do local schools and colleges include courses, education or training in disaster risk reduction (including climate related risks) as part of the education curriculum? Some stakeholders, such as Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah (interfaith based organization) have already built their curriculum design attaching disaster risk reduction as part of lesson plan. Whereas, dissemination and engagement to put in disaster risk reduction in local curriculum context continuously undergone. How aware are citizens of evacuation plans or drills for evacuations when necessary? Some citizens are still not aware of heard or risk reduction initiatives. However, some communities have already actively participate in evacuation drills. Related links > Nature Sign as the Disaster Warning to Community Local Progress Report /26

19 Essential 8 Protect ecosystems and natural buffers to mitigate floods, storm surges and other hazards to which your city may be vulnerable. Adapt to climate change by building on good risk reduction practices. How well integrated are local government DRR policies, strategies and implementation plans with existing environmental development and natural resource management plans? Local government has not full integrated linking between DRR policies and existing environmental and development plans. Although it has already been carried out, lack of coordination still takes place among the agencies. Basically the legal basic regulation is a must to endorse whole agencies to adopt DRR policies into development planning. Commonly the development activities related to environment apply the Environment Impact Analysis not the disaster risk assessment. A matter of fact the law enforcement is still lack. To what degree does the local government support the restoration, protection and sustainable management of ecosystems services? Forests Coastal zones Wetlands Water resources Yes Yes Yes Yes Local Progress Report /26

20 River basins Fisheries Yes No Long Term Development Planning of Pasuruan District ( ) stated as one of the program regarding environment preservation by creates a better management and utilize of natural resource and preservation of environment function. One big water project at the district on its development run the environment impact analysis. The existence of a Field School on Climate Change and conduct socialization to the community as an important step on environment preservation. Some Local Regulation issued by the government for environment protection among other Local Government Regulation No. 14/2006 on Establishment of Protection Area in Pasuruan District; Local Regulation No. 31/2006 on Corporate Social Responsibility. Nowadays the area frequently struck by landslide and flood because of environment degradation. A strong law enforcement is a must to ensure environment protection. Reference documents > Local Regulation No. 14/2006 Establishment of Protection of Pasuruan District (2006) > Local Reg. No. 31/2010 on CSR (2012) Related links > MoU Local Government with Province as the Step of Environment Preservation How much do civil society organizations and citizens participate in the restoration, protection and sustainable management of ecosystems services? Level of Progress achieved: 3 The local government rewards community who initiate to plan mangroves. Meanwhile, in Nguling region, the authority has already engaged community to assist in protect and watch mangrove trees in the area. In some regions, civil society organizations have already initiated their actions in restoring, protecting and managing ecosystem. Some initiatives also conduct by private sector. Local Progress Report /26

21 Related links > Accelerates the Forest Fire Management > Community Participation on Water Source Preservation How much does the private sector participate in the implementation of environmental and ecosystems management plans in your local authority? Level of Progress achieved: 3 Although the Local Government of Pasuruan has issued the Local Regulation No 31/2010 subject to Corporate Social Responsibility not whole private sectors fulfill their obligation on environment preservation. Only a small number of private sectors actively participate in managing the ecosystem thorough its CSR programs although it has not optimally carried by all the private companies in that region. Some CSR programs are spring water preservation and reforestation. The CSR also actively support the preparedness for community around their area and emergency aid for disaster. Related links > Spring Restoration Program at Arjuna Mountain Pasuruan > CSR Support the Community on Drought > Environment Pollution Allegation to Private Sector Local Progress Report /26

22 Essential 9 Install early warning systems and emergency management capacities in your city and hold regular public preparedness drills. To what degree do local institutions have access to financial reserves to support effective disaster response and early recovery? Level of Progress achieved: 1 Local government has not allocated fund for disaster management sector. The limited fund makes the local institutions inadequately access it. To what extent are early warning centres established, adequately staffed (or on-call personnel) and well resourced (power back ups, equipment redundancy etc) at all times? Level of Progress achieved: 3 The Crisis Center operates on 24-hour basis with limited number and competent human resources. Some agencies, such as Forestry Department and Meteorological and Climatological Agency have already set their monitoring system, also with limited equipments. How much do warning systems allow for adequate community participation? Local Progress Report /26

23 Level of Progress achieved: 3 Public Works Department has communication network to monitor flooding in the region. District Disaster Management Agency engages community using SMS and radio telecommunication, Community-based call center, as well as SMS Gateway from BMKG (Meteorological, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency). Related links > Community Understanding on Landslide Early Warnng To what extent does the local government have an emergency operations centre (EOC) and/or an emergency communication system? Level of Progress achieved: 3 The local authority has already endorsed and established its EOC, in cooperation with other local government agencies although they still have lack of budget and equipments to support the activities. Related links > Disaster Preparedness How regularly are training drills and rehearsal carried out with the participation of relevant government, non-governmental, local leaders and volunteers? Local Progress Report /26

24 The Local Management Disaster Office conducted a preparedness drill for flood and landslide with the involvement of various stakeholders among other related official, military, police and private sector. The District Disaster Management Agency plans to hold series of training for officials and community leaders. However, time boundaries hinder the officials to participate in such activities. Related links > Simulation on Water Rescue and Food Supply > Disaster Response Simulation > Joint Drill on Disaster Response Pasuruan District How available are key resources for effective response, such as emergency supplies, emergency shelters, identified evacuation routes and contingency plans at all times? Stockpiles of relief supplies Emergency shelters Safe evacuation routes identified Contingency plan or community disaster preparedness plan for all major hazards Yes No No No The activity is still ad-hoc based and limited on reconstruction plan to build temporary housing for survivors. They are still planning to compile it into more comprehensive way. The Contingency Plan available need more socialization to related official to ensure the understanding and how it works. The Contingency Plan must content operational thing rather than just responsibility share among government agencies. Related links > Limited Facilities for Disaster Response_BPBD Pasuruan Local Progress Report /26

25 Essential 10 After any disaster, ensure that the needs of the survivors are placed at the centre of reconstruction with support for them and their community organizations to design and help implement responses, including rebuilding homes and livelihoods. How much access does the local government have to resources and expertise to assist victims of psycho-social (psychological, emotional) impacts of disasters? Level of Progress achieved: 1 Although the local authority has human resources in this sector, it has not become priority for the government and lack of coordination with other institutions. How well are disaster risk reduction measures integrated into postdisaster recovery and rehabilitation activities (i.e. build back better, livelihoods rehabilitation)? DRR measures has not been optimally integrate to post-disaster recover and rehabilitation. Early recovery is only limited to health sector, whereas rehabilitation and reconstruction are carried out by related agencies. To what degree does the Contingency Plan (or similar plan) include an outline strategy for post disaster recovery and reconstruction, Local Progress Report /26

26 Powered by TCPDF ( including needs assessments and livelihoods rehabilitation? It is in designing process. It needs to be planned in engaging multi agencies. Related links > Contingency Plan Document Establihment Training Local Progress Report /26

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