Name: Date: Period: Energy Work and Power

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Period: Energy Work and Power Conservation of Matter Matter cannot be or. Atoms and particles can be. Conservation of Energy Energy can never or. Energy can change from one to another. But the total amount of energy in the universe remains the same. energy is that it is constantly being changed and recycled from one form to another ENERGY AS WORK Energy is or the capacity to perform is when a force is applied to an object so that it moves a distance. W = Fx W work in (J) F force in (N) x distance moved in (m) KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY Energy of any matter in motion is termed energy. Potential energy is called "the energy of." ELECTROMAGNETISM every atom is held together by positive and negative electrical charges a form of energy The energy from our sun is transmitted to the Earth via electromagnetic waves NUCLEAR ENERGY strong nuclear force holds the protons and neutrons together at the core of the sun, atoms fuse and in the process release energy process is called. NUCLEAR ENERGY the energy from a nuclear bomb, and from nuclear reactors released by the splitting apart of the nucleus of atoms This is called. CHEMICAL ENERGY Energy Work and Power Page 1 of 2

2 Name: Date: Period: Energy Work and Power The source of all energy for all living things is in a chemical process called. electromagnetic waves provide the energy to convert water, and carbon dioxide from the air, into oxygen and is used as energy by the plant and animals that the eat the plant Advantage of chemical energy is it can be stored as potential energy for long periods of time and then released as kinetic energy SOUND ENERGY sound is a form of energy sound energy radiates outwards, transmitted from molecule to molecule Is there sound in space? THE ENERGY OF HEAT Heat is a form of energy rapid movement of molecules As the heat of an object increases, the molecules move more and more rapidly. ENERGY EXCHANGES is a by-product of the mechanical or chemical processes THE THREE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS 1. energy cannot be or 2. all things are moving towards 3. as a system approaches absolute zero, the extraction of energy becomes more and more difficult THE ENERGY-MATTER CONNECTION Albert Einstein E = mc² (E) equals, (m) times the speed of squared (c².) can be transformed into pure Energy Work and Power Page 2 of 2

3 6 Video Quiz Directions: Answer the following true or false, or fill in the blank with the correct word to make it true. 1. Energy can be created and sometimes destroyed. T F. 2. The formula physicists use to express the expenditure of work or energy is. 3. Kinetic energy is described as energy of matter in motion. T F. 4. Potential energy is not important in the total amount of energy available in the universe. T F. 5. Electromagnetic energy only exists as radiant energy from the sun and stars. T F. 6. Under intense heat two hydrogen atoms will fuse to form a helium atom and release energy. This process is called. 7. Photosynthesis is a process that converts energy from the sun into chemical energy in the leaves of plants. T F. 8. Energy can be changed and recycled from one form to another. T F. 9. The second law of thermodynamics concludes that all things are moving towards. 10. Einstein's formula of E = mc² states that energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. T F.

4 2a Vocabulary Definitions The following words and terms used in the program may be unfamiliar to you. Try to listen for these terms while viewing the program, pay close attention so you can later include them in your scientific descriptions, observations, and creative writing assignment activities. absolute zero - at this temperature matter is devoid of energy. Absolute zero is -273 degrees Celsius, or -460 degrees Fahrenheit. atom - the smallest unit of matter, made up of a nucleus of protons and neutrons and orbiting electrons. kinetic energy - form of energy that results in the movement of an object. law of conservation of energy - theory that energy cannot be created or destroyed. This is the first law of thermodynamics. chemical energy - a form of energy locked in the cells of living or fossilized plants and animals. E = mc² - Albert Einstein's famous equation, is read: Energy (E), equals (=) mass (m), times the speed of light, squared (c²). Einstein, Albert - German-American physicist, electromagnetic energy - waves of electricity and magnetism, called electromagnetism. It is often called light. electron - negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of atoms. energy - in physics, work or the capacity for doing work. energy exchanges - process where energy changes or is recycled from one form to another. first law of thermodynamics - energy cannot be created or destroyed. fission - when the nucleus of atoms are split apart releasing energy. fusion - when two hydrogen atoms fuse under extreme heat, energy is released. Fusion is the energy of the sun and stars. heat - a form of kinetic energy. Heat is sometimes called thermal energy. mass - total quantity of an object's matter. matter - the material that make up objects. Matter cannot be created or destroyed. matter-energy connection - theory that matter and energy are fundamentally the same. molecules - compounds made up of two or more atoms. nuclear energy - the energy locked in the nucleus of atoms. photosynthesis - the process carried out by green plants and some microorganisms in which carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight are converted into ATP and glucose, releasing oxygen as a by-product. potential energy - energy that has the potential for doing work. second law of thermodynamics - the temperature of all things flow in one direction, towards equilibrium. sound - a form of kinetic energy. third law of thermodynamics - at absolute zero matter is devoid of energy. work - in physics, is when a force is applied to an object so that it moves a distance.

5 2b Use the Right Word Directions: Find the right word from the physics vocabulary list that completes the following sentences. 1. The form of energy that results in movement of any object is called. 2. The energy of position, or energy prior to movement, is called energy. 3. Radiant energy from the sun is a form of energy. 4. Under intense heat, like in the core of the sun, two hydrogen atoms will fuse releasing energy. This is called. 5. When the nucleus of an atom is split apart energy is released. This process is called. 6. The source of energy of all living things is in a process called. 7. Energy is constantly being changed and recycled into different forms. This is called energy. 8. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. This is sometimes called the law of the of energy. 9. If a machine is stopped it will adjust to a single uniform temperature until it reaches with the other objects that surround it. 10. Einstein's famous formula that links energy and matter is.

6 2c Word Match Directions: Connect the word with the proper definition. energy energy conservation energy exchange fusion kinetic energy light nuclear energy potential energy second law W = Fx energy always flows from hot to cold cannot be created of destroyed when hydrogen atoms fuse a form of electromagnetic energy energy of position when energy changes from one form to another work or the capacity to do work formula for the expenditure of work or energy energy of movement energy in the nucleus of atoms

7 3 Connected/Not Connected Directions: Place the following words in the proper sentences. absolute zero electromagnetic fusion recycling atoms energy kinetic solar Albert Einstein exchanges molecules sun chemical fission nuclear W = Fx E = mc² fossil potential WORK 1. is connected to because it is a formula for the expression of energy. 2. energy is NOT connected to energy because one is the energy of movement and the other is the energy of position. 3. are connected to because both are forms of matter. 4. is NOT connected to because one is the process by which hydrogen atoms fuse, releasing energy, and the other is the process where the nucleus of atoms are blown apart, releasing energy. 5. The is connected to energy because the major source of this form of energy for the earth comes from this heavenly body. 6. energy is NOT connected to energy because one is energy formed through the photosynthesis process and the other is energy in the nucleus of atoms. 7. Energy are connected to the of energy because energy has the ability to be transformed from one form to another. 8. energy is NOT connected to energy gained from the burning of fuels because one form of energy causes no air pollution and the other produces greenhouses gases harmful to the environment. 9. is connected to because he formulated this famous formula. 10. is NOT connected to because when a substance reaches this point the electrons have almost no movement.

8 7 Post-Test Vocabulary Directions: Fill in the blank with the appropriate term from the list below. absolute zero equilibrium heat solar atom exchange kinetic sound chemical fission molecules thermodynamics electromagnetic fusion nuclear wind electron force potential work 1. Sound and heat are examples of energy. 2. The water stored above a dam and the energy locked in the nucleus of an atom are both examples of energy. 3. When cows convert the energy in grass into energy that can be used in their bodies that is an example of an energy. 4. Physicists have summarized their understanding of heat and energy into the three laws of. True or False Directions: Fill in the blank with True or False. If the statement is false, change it to make the statement true. Rewrite the true statement in the space provided. 5. To a physicist, work and energy are two separate and distinct concepts. 6. Sound is a form of nuclear energy. 7. A tree standing in a forest has potential energy. 8. Electromagnetic energy from the sun cannot be changed into chemical energy. 9. Energy from the wind creates pollution because greenhouse gases are released in the process. Essay Section Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. Use the back of this page or a separate sheet of paper if you need more space to complete your answer. 10. Why is heat a form of kinetic energy? 11. Explain why energy from wind is less polluting than the energy from fossil fuel. 12. Explain energy exchanges and give some examples.