The Treaty of Versailles

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1 Name:. The Treaty of Versailles Directions: Review the documents in each folder (Trauma/Drawing Up/Terms/German Response) and answer the corresponding questions from each section, in order to understand some of the issues surrounding the Treaty of Versailles. The Trauma of WWI 1. Compare/Contrast the death and casualty tolls for France and the United States. 2. Look at the pictures of the destruction in France caused by the Germans in WWI. How long do you think it would take to rebuild after all of this destruction? What would be the cost? 3. How might France s postwar settlement goals be different than the US? 4. What would France want from Germany? Why? 5. Why would France fear a strong post-wwi Germany?

2 6. Why might the US be able to take a more idealistic perspective going into the Treaty conference? Drawing up the Treaty 1. Read Wilson s speech, this is only the introduction- not the actual points- What does Wilson say are the goals of the US? What is his hope for the world and the postwar talks? 2. Read the third paragraph of the speech. What is Wilson s attitude towards Germany? How would this attitude be different than France s? Why do you think the US would be more idealistic in its attitude? 3. What do you think would be the four most important goals for the following nations in the Treaty discussion? United States France Germany

3 4. Germany was not allowed to participate in the Treaty writing process. What problems do you think this will cause? Why? The Terms of the Treaty 1. Look at the Maps of German Losses. How much land in Europe did Germany lose- which regions? Who gained this land? What land in Africa was lostwho gained this land? 2. Read the articles the Rhineland and the Saar Basin in the Treaty of Versailles. Where is the Rhineland and Saar Basin? What happened to these regions? A. Why were these Articles probably included? What benefits did these clauses give France? B. Was it reasonable to establish the demilitarized Rhineland buffer zone? Why C. How would the terms regarding the Saar Basin affect the German economy?

4 D. How would Germany react to these terms? 3. Now read the Treaty terms & Tables dealing with the military. A. What were the terms for Germany? How was their military limited? B. How might these articles have satisfied France? How would Germany probably react? C. Is it reasonable, right, to disarm a former enemy? Why or Why not? 4. Next Read the Reparation articles. Look at Clause 231 The War Guilt Clause, why do you think it singles out Germany and no other country, including other Central Powers? A. Is this article accurate? Does Germany warrant more responsibility than other countries? Do the Allies bear any responsibility for the War? B. Read Articles How much did Germany after pay? How might this affect the German economy?

5 The German Response 1. Read the German Reply Memorandum to the treaty. This was Germany s reply to the after being given the treaty: all of their terms Germany raised in the reply were summarily rejected by the Allies. A. What objections did the Germans have to the treaty? B. Are these objections valid? C. Should the allies have modified the treaty in any way to address these points? At the end of WWI the German Kaiser abdicated, gave up the throne, and was replaced by a democratic republic known as the Weimar Republic. It was representatives of the Republic that signed the Treaty of Versailles. 2. Read Hitler s April 17, 1923 speech. A. Why was Hitler so vitriolic, hatred, concerning the Weimar Republic? What does he blame the Republic for? B. What other goals does he link to the elimination of the treaty?

6 C. What imagery does he use? How might this speech appeal to the emotions of the listener? D. Consider how the treaty may have contributed to the rise of Nazism, and be extension, WWII. Would Hitler have been able to give such a powerful speech or to find a receptive audience if the treaty had been different? Why or Why not? E. Was the Treaty a fair one? Why? Was the German response justified?

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