US History, Sept 18. Entry Task: Fill out self-evaluation and then evaluate the picture on the next slide. STUDY GUIDE Work turned in so far:

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1 US History, Sept 18 Entry Task: Fill out self-evaluation and then evaluate the picture on the next slide. STUDY GUIDE Work turned in so far: Syllabus (extra credit) Introduce Yourself to Chilson Entry Tasks Self-Evaluation Writing Prompt #1 - Join, or Die Writing Prompt #2 - Was the American Revolution inevitable Declaration Worksheet MONDAY - Battles worksheet & notes

2 Entry Task: What are elements of this picture that evoke (bring about) feelings of patriotism in America and the Rev. War?

3 Timeline so far 1765 Stamp Act & Protests, 1767 Townshend Acts 1770 Boston Massacre 1773 Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts Lexington & Concord (British attempt to seize and destroy arms & munitions) 1775 Americans capture Fort Ticonderoga June Battle of Bunker Hill 1775 Olive Branch Petition to King George III (rejected) Fall/Winter of Invasion of Canada by American forces July 4, 1776 Declaration of Independence

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5 Washington Crossing the Delaware, Emmanuel Leutze (1851) Washington led his troops (after defeat/disaster in New York) in a surprise attack and victory at Trenton (crossed the river on Dec. 25, 1776) This painting is more symbolic than realistic It would have been dark outside & it was raining Washington probably would not have been standing People in the boat are representative Field guns & horses were transported by ferries Flag did not exist yet (1st flown in Sept of 1777) River modeled after the Rhine (not the Delaware) Original Painting was destroyed in a British air raid in 1942

6 Strengths & Weaknesses British Strengths British Weaknesses

7 Strengths & Weaknesses British Strengths Population: 7.5 million Greatest military power NAVY (unbeatable) $$$ - raise funds Soldiers more equipped Native Americans loyal Hessians (mercenaries) + Loyalists (30,000 each) 20,000 slaves (promised freedom) British Weaknesses Tactics 3,000 miles away Time/space barriers (orders/supplies took a long time) Had to stay close to seaports Wide spaces rurally, disadvantage on land Uprisings of colonists everywhere Difficult objective Sympathy - Whigs

8 Strengths & Weaknesses American Weaknesses American Strengths

9 Strengths & Weaknesses American Weaknesses Population: 2.5 million Low funds basics (2800 barefoot at Valley Forge) Poorly trained/volunteers Unreliable Loyalists/undecided Lacked government; unity British stationed in every city American Strengths Home field advantage Passion/belief freedom & liberty!!! Rights Leaders good; European imports (von Steuben, Lafayette) Alliance with French To win, America only had to TIE Competent marksmen

10 US History, Sept 21 Entry Task: With your table, discuss how a country can lose a majority of battles but still WIN the war? Curriculum Night - TONIGHT. Homework: Reading Do you have a STUDY GUIDE? Quiz on FRIDAY. Can you take out your NOTES from Friday? Work turned in so far: Syllabus (extra credit) Declaration worksheet Introduce Yourself to Chilson Rev Battles - Northern Phase Self-Evaluation (2) Writing Prompt #1 - Join, or Die Writing Prompt #2 - Was the American Revolution inevitable

11 CONSEQUENCES About 7,200 Americans died in battle during the Revolution. Another 10,000 died from disease or exposure and about 8,500 died in British prisons. A quarter of the slaves in South Carolina and Georgia escaped from bondage during the Revolution. (TJ - said he lost 30) The Northern states outlawed slavery or adopted gradual emancipation plans. (5,000 served for Continental Army - integrated troops; 20,000 for British) - Lord Dunmore s Proclamation (slaves of rebels = free)

12 How can you win most battles but still lose the war? The British could not win because they could not: 1. hold territory 2. cement loyalty 3. create functioning administrations 4. restore the authority of the crown After 6 long years of war, British were no closer to victory

13 Differing Military Strategies The Americans Outlast the British Defend colonial lands & drag out the war Guerrilla tactics Make an alliance with France The British Divide & Conquer Use Loyalists, seize property, encourage slave revolts Split the Northern & Southern colonies Blockade ports to prevent trade As long as Britain did not defeat the Continental Army, England could not win

14 Differing Military Strategies General The Americans Washington Outlast the British Defend colonial lands & drag out the war Guerrilla tactics Make an alliance with France General The British Gage Divide & Conquer Use Loyalists, seize property, encourage slave revolts Split the Northern & Southern colonies Blockade ports to prevent trade As long as Britain did not defeat the Continental Army, England could not win

15 George Washington John Adams Horatio Gates Ben Franklin Nathan Hale Thomas Jefferson Marquis de Lafayette Baron von Steuben Count Casimir Pulaski John Paul Jones

16 King George III General Henry Clinton General John Burgoyne General Charles Cornwallis General William Howe Benedict Arnold

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19 The American Revolution began at Lexington & Concord

20 Lexington British attempt to search and seize stolen weapons. First shots of the Revolution in Action

21 SHOT HEARD ROUND THE WORLD British searching for stolen weapons search and seizure Stopped at Lexington and encountered 56 Minutemen Minutemen stood up for what they believed was their land

22 Americans 90 dead wounded or captured British Minutemen engage British troops at Concord Bridge. Who fired the 1st shot -??? British find some weapons at Concord. British return to Boston, 5,000 Minutemen attack British troops. 250 dead, wounded, or captured

23 Phase I: The Northern Campaign [ ] Orders from Congress: take possession of Canada if "practicable" and "not disagreeable to the Canadians."

24 June 17, 1775 The British suffered over 40% casualties. 2,250 men 1,054 injured 226 killed Americans: Moral victory 800 men 140 killed 271 wounded King George sends 10,000 Hessian soldiers to help put down the rebellion.

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26 Battle of Bunker Hill raised the morale of the American Army though the British won the battle why???

27 Phase II: Middle Atlantic Phase Summer 1776-Summer 1778 American losses at Long Island, New York, and eventually Philadelphia (Sept 26, 1777 Continental Congress just moves to New York one week before) American victories at Trenton, Saratoga

28 British victories from made an American victory look impossible

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30 Battle of Long Island - largest battle and war will be long and bloody!

31 British troops landing at New York after Battle of Long Island

32 New York City in Flames (1776)

33 On Christmas 1776, Washington gave Americans hope by crossing the Delaware River & surprising British troops in Trenton, NJ

34 Crossing the Delaware en route to a surprise attack at Trenton & Princeton, 1776

35 The American Crisis, Thomas Paine Dec. 19, 1776 THESE are the times that try men s souls: The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country

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37 Referred to as the ten crucial days Dec. 25th to Jan. 3rd First major victory for the Continental Army and Washington Raised the morale of the American troops as well as the country Led to soldiers re-enlisting and future enlistments Captured over 900 Hessian soldiers, weapons, food and etc. battle lasted only 90 minutes

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39 US History, Sept 22 Entry Task: What are examples of tactics that the Americans used at Saratoga? (movie yesterday) Announcements: Thanks for those that came out to Curriculum Night! Mr. Willie will be here for a quick announcement about PSAT.

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41 The Battle of Saratoga was a turning point because France joined the Americans as an ally

42 General Horatio Gates surrounds the British with the help of Benedict Arnold British defeat stopped them from cutting off New England from the rest of the country and ending the war. British lacked knowledge of geography and failed at communications. Oct. 1777, British General, John Burgoyne was surrounded by US General Horatio Gates and forced to surrender 6,000 British troops. Led to a military alliance with France providing soldiers, naval fleet and $$$$$. (FrancoAmerican alliance, 1778)

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45 The Turning Point of the Revolution: Marquis de The Battle of Saratoga, 1777 Lafayette After Saratoga, French general Lafayette helped train American troops while the French navy helped neutralize the British advantage on the high seas When French troops arrived in the spring 1778, the tide of the war shifted in favor of the Americans

46 During the winter of , Continental Army troops nearly starved at Valley Forge, PA but Washington, Lafayette, & Baron von Steuben inspired & trained the troops to continue the fight

47 Near Starvation at Valley Forge, PA in 1778

48 George Washington Continental soldiers enlisted soldiers for only 6-month terms of service They were about to become time expired on December 31, ,000 soldiers gave up between Sept-Dec Washington s army: either recently recruited militia (healthy but untrained) OR Continentals, experienced and hardy, but almost destitute and exhausted. He even paid soldiers out of his own pocket!

49 Phase III: The Southern Strategy ( )

50 How can you win most battles but still lose the war? The British could not win because they could not: 1. hold territory 2. cement loyalty 3. create functioning administrations 4. restore the authority of the crown After 6 long years of war, British were no closer to victory

51 US History, Sept 22 Entry Task: Why do you think the Battle of Yorktown has been called the day the world turned upside down? (song reference) Announcements:

52 From , both sides traded victories, but the war finally came to a conclusion at the Battle of Yorktown

53 Map-yorktown Battle of Yorktown British General Charles Cornwallis wanted to winter his troops in the South believing the war would be won in the Spring Yorktown was chosen because it provided easy access to be reinforced and re-supplied General Washington learned of the British decision to winter their main troops in Yorktown.

54 Battle of Yorktown Strategy included the use of the French navy, French troops (Comte de Rochambeau) and American troops. French navy under the direction of Admiral de Grasse, placed a blockade around the Chesapeake Bay. 15,000 American and French troops surrounded 8,000 British troops Sept 28-Oct 17, 1781 General Cornwallis is trapped and is forced to his surrender his troops to Washington Brings war to an end

55 Arrival of French troops

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57 General The Cornwallis surrendered to Washington Battle of Yorktown in 1781, ending the American Revolution Cornwallis surrender was the day the world turned upside down

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61 Why did the British give up???

62 Peace Talks: April 1782 IN BRITAIN: -New Prime Minister and Foreign Minister -David Hartley and Richard Oswald (Peace Commissioners for Britain) IN AMERICA: -5-man commission arranged to negotiate a treaty: Adams, Franklin, Jefferson, John Jay, and Henry Laurens

63 Ten Articles The treaty declares the intention of both parties to "forget all past misunderstandings and differences" and "secure to both perpetual peace and harmony. -The United States are free, sovereign, and independent states -Established boundaries -Recognized debts on both sides -States are recommended to restore land confiscated during the war -POWs released -Shared access to Mississippi River

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