Classical Conditioning. Stimulus > Response SR Theory. Human Development and Learning. Stephen E. Brock, Ph.D., NCSP 1 EDS 248
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1 EDS 248 Stephen E. Brock, Ph.D.,NP Stimulus > Response SR Theory Classical conditioning is based on the premise that certain stimuli automatically trigger certain responses. (Possible triggers of the ) (Involuntary, automatic, reflexive reactions) Salivation Pleasure Exhaustion Sleep Displeasure Stimulus > Response SR Theory Classical conditioning is based on the premise that certain stimuli automatically trigger certain responses. (Possible triggers of the ) Food, food smells Exercise, intoxication, sex Injury Load noise Strenuous exercise Fatigue Nausea (Involuntary, automatic, reflexive reactions) Salivation Pleasure Exhaustion Sleep Displeasure Stephen E. Brock, Ph.D., NP 1
2 In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus (NS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (). Overtime this association changes the NS to a conditioned stimulus (). This occurs when the elicits the same response as the [a conditioned response ()] Bunny Loud Noise NS Bunny office NS office Punished A NS (office) is paired with an (punishment). Overtime this association changes the NS to a. This occurs when the (office) elicits the (anxiety). The is now referred to as a. Occurs when two stimuli are presented at about the same time. For a NS to become a it is most effective if it is presented just before the. Contiguity may, however, be overly simplistic. Contingency is perhaps more important. The potential conditioned stimulus must occur only when the is going to follow. Sometimes one pairing is enough for the learning/conditioning to take place. The more noticeable the NS, the more likely it is to become a. Some stimuli are more naturally associated (e.g., food and nausea, playground and school, etc.). This is referred to as associative bias. Characteristics of the NS affect the degree to which it becomes and. The more noticeable the NS (the principal s office is very unique) the more likely it is to become a Classical condition is now thought to involve cognitions. Stephen E. Brock, Ph.D., NP 2
3 Activity Develop real world (preferably school based) examples of ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Extinction Hospital NS Hospital Hospital Surgery Job will weaken and eventually disappear if the is no longer associated with it. The weaker the, the quicker it will be extinguished. Extinction is not always predictable. Spontaneous Recovery Extinction >>> Rest period >>> Spontaneous Recovery The recurrence of a when a period of extinction is followed by a rest period (essentially one remembers the prior association). The spontaneously recovered, however, will be weaker and will extinguished more quickly. Stephen E. Brock, Ph.D., NP 3
4 Stimulus Generalization Rabbit NS 1 / 1 NS 2 / 2 Noise Fuzzy things NS that are similar to the may also generate a. The more similar a NS is to a given, the greater the likelihood of generalization May increase over time. 1 2 Stimulus Discrimination Rabbit Loud noise Fear NS 1 1 NS 1 1 NS 2 2 No NS 2 2 Fuzzy things No loud noises No fear Present the similar stimuli (that has become a ) without the. The organism learns or is conditioned to expect that the will not occur. Higher Order Conditioning NS 1 1 NS 2 2 Abuse Stephen E. Brock, Ph.D., NP 4
5 Sensory Preconditioning NS 1 Playground NS 2 NS 1 Playground 1 Playground NS 2 1 Shooting 2 Fear/pain Fear/pain Fear/pain Eliminating Conditioned Responses Extinction Counterconditioning Systematic Desensitization Conclusion In the school setting it is very easy for a variety of NS to be associated with Neutral Stimuli Teacher Work Unconditioned Stimuli Punishment Frustration Unconditioned Response Fear/ Further, s can be very durable and difficult to eliminate. This emphasizes the importance of setting children up for early school success. Stephen E. Brock, Ph.D., NP 5
6 Independent Study Writing Prompt Distinguishing Between Classical and Operant Conditioning A teacher reported that she had been giving her students points on the chalkboard whenever their group was the most quiet and attentive. Eventually, her students learned to become quiet and attentive whenever the teacher approached the chalkboard. What type of conditioning is at work here? What is the role of the teacher by the chalkboard? Stephen E. Brock, Ph.D., NP 6
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