Unit 2. Compare viewpoints about government in the Federalist and the Anti-Federalist Papers.

Transcription

1 Unit 2 Compare viewpoints about government in the Federalist and the Anti-Federalist Papers.

2 Factions Factions are smaller groups within larger groups (minority) The individuals within a faction are united in a common goal or set of common goals for the organization they are a part of, not necessarily shared by all of that organization's members. They band together as a way of achieving these goals and advancing their agenda and position within the organization. A political party would be an example of a faction. The first two political parties in America were the Federalists and Anti-federalists

3 Federalist & Anti-Federalist Papers George Washington warned of political parties that they could divide Americans not unite us. Federalists supported new Constitution Anti-Federalists warned of another strong controlling government (like England); wanted a guaranteed Bill of Rights (protection of civil liberties) for all citizens These papers were actual articles written in the newspapers, so that the people could read and understand the two different viewpoints of creating the US Constitution

4 Federalists Anti-Federalists James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Jay George Washington Patrick Henry Richard Henry Lee George Mason Thomas Jefferson They wrote the Federalist Papers trying to get support for the Constitution They wrote the Anti- Federalist Papers trying to get support against the Constitution

5 FEDERALISTS James Madison Father of Constitution Alexander Hamilton became the champion of the Federalists Papers George Washington Supporter of strong Central Government

6 Federalists James Madison Father of Constitution Supported Strong National Government; one controlling government National Bank (Alexander Hamilton) Big Business Interpreted Constitution elastically which gave the govt. more power. This is known as a Loose Interpretation of the Constitution. Add more power to US Government when needed, especially during war: Protect US.

7 Alien and Sedition Acts 1798 (4): Meant to control foreigners in US during war The Naturalization Act, which extended the residencyperiod from 5 to 14 years for those aliens seeking citizenship; this law was aimed at Irish and French immigrants who were often active in Republican politics (Anti-federalists) The Alien Act, which allowed the expulsion of aliens deemed dangerous during peacetime The Alien Enemies Act, which allowed the expulsion or imprisonment of aliens deemed dangerous during wartime. This was never enforced, but it did prompt numerous Frenchmen to return home The Sedition Act, which provided for fines or imprisonment for individuals who criticized the government, Congress, or president in speechor print. Used during WWII Rounded up Japanese Americans during WWII

8 Anti-Federalists Thomas Jefferson spokesman for citizens rights and Bill of Rights Patrick Henry Spokesman for liberty during Revolution Give me liberty or give me death! George Mason: radical republican: strong local government; weak central government

9 Factions Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson became the leader of the Republican faction.

10 Anti Federalists Thomas Jefferson rights for people Strong State governments; against one big power controlling country reminds them of England who we just kicked out Small farmers Against National Bank Interpreted Constitution literally which gave the people more power. This was known as a Strict Interpretation of the US Constitution (Civil War ). The Anti-Federalists demanded a Bill of Rights.

11 Republican-Democrats: Thomas Jefferson Won Election 1800 Anti-federalists turned out propaganda to go against the Alien and Sedition Acts Helped Jefferson become president Remember, those acts went against the Bill of Rights which Jefferson wanted secured to the US Constitution.

12 Separation of Powers Montesquieu Legislative Branch (Congress) Makes laws Executive Branch (President) Enforces/Carry out laws Judicial Branch (Courts) Interprets laws

13 State Capital: Legislative Branch Congress MAKES Laws

14 White House: Executive Branch EXECUTES/ENFORCES Laws

15 US Supreme Court Building: Judicial Branch INTERPRETS Laws

16 Separation of Powers/ Checks and Balances Separation of Powers ensures that power is not given to one particular person or group; remember Baron Charles Montesquieu. Checks and Balances are the powers that each branch of the government has and how they can limit the power of the other 2 branches.

17 Voltaire (add slide) François-Marie Arouet Pen name: Voltaire Separation of Church and State Americans kept ideas of keeping church (religion) and state separate

18 Ratifying Process 9 of 13 states need to ratify (agree) Ratified at state conventions, not legislatures State legs. Might fear losing power, and vote no. New Hampshire is 9 th State to ratify 1789: Constitution ratified and goes into effect Rhode Island (RI) did not vote that day, or year NC (1788) & RI (1790) are last to ratify after disagreeing at first Bill of Rights added (1 st 10 Amendments)

19 Iroquois League or Confederacy (add) Native Americans met to discuss trade, war, and other tribal issues Iroquois had several tribes with representatives meeting at the Great House Helped Americans frame idea of House of Representatives for US Government