The history of biogeography
|
|
- Lesley O’Brien’
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The history of biogeography
2 Prehistory Humans have always used biogeographic knowledge
3 First ideas Aristotle (384 BC BC) First one who asked the central biogeographic question (and left a written record): How are organisms distributed around the world? Also had a view of a dynamic and changing Earth
4 Age of European Exploration World exploration in 18 th and 19 th centuries Specimens were collected, cataloged and compared Until mid 18 th century, religion drove naturalists God created all species Earth, climate, species changed little over time, or not at all Single species origination event How could currently isolated animals and plants adapted to different climates coexist on Noah s Ark?
5 Age of European Exploration Carl Linnaeus ( ) Species classification system (hierarchical, binomial) Kingdom Phyla Class Order Family Genera Species Species are immutable Hypothesis to explain biodiversity distribution: Paradisical Mountain
6 Age of European Exploration Linnaeus Paradisical Mountain Hypothesis All species housed on slopes of equatorial mountain-island ~6000 years ago Flood receded, continents expanded, terrestrial species expanded to new sites In accordance with biblical events (Noah s Ark, biblical timeline) and biblical beliefs (species do not change; later abandoned this idea)
7 Age of European Exploration Georges-Louis Buffon ( ) Studied live and fossilized mammals Believed in a single species creation event Recognized climatic shifts & their importance to understanding species spread Critique of Linnaeus: Different regions (even with same environment) often had different species If species were incapable of adaptation, they could not have traveled through hostile environmental barriers from a single
8 Age of European Exploration Buffon s Hypothesis of Species Dispersal Species originated around the north pole during a warm period As globe cooled, species migrated south Species changed and adapted to new environments ( improved or degenerated ) Species survived that were improved, and degenerated species died out Importance of hypothesis: Dynamic climate Adaptation of species Buffon s Law environmentally similar but isolated regions have distinct assemblages of mammals and birds (becomes principle of biogeography)
9 Age of European Exploration Johann Reinhold Forster (Cook s 2 nd voyage; ) Affirmed Buffon s law for plants, mammals, birds Recognized plant assemblages and relationship with specific climatic conditions Insights into patterns of species diversity Habitat (island) size Latitude on species diversity Captain James Cook s Voyages First (red) Second (green) Third (blue)
10 Age of Enlightenment Lots of data regarding species diversity and global distribution had been gathered Sought rational explanations for & conceptual understanding of observed patterns of biodiversity
11 Age of Enlightenment Alexander von Humboldt ( ) Father of phytogeography Covariation of vegetation and climate Invented isobar and isotherm Expanded latitudinal biodiversity gradients into elevational gradients
12 Age of Enlightenment Agustin de Candolle ( ) Species competition for resources as a key factor for species persistence Factors other than island area influence biodiversity: isolation, climate, geological history, age
13 The 19 th century
14 Charles Lyell ( ) Studied geology & fossils Uniformitarianism physical processes now operating are timeless Earth s climate changes & so do species distributions Species go extinct! Multiple creation events & sites Earth must be older than 6,000 yrs
15 Darwin in 1840 Charles Darwin ( ) year voyage on HMS Beagle to South America Collected samples of rocks, plants, animals, fossils Developed the theory of evolution by natural selection; The Origin of Species (1859) Emphasized importance of longdistance dispersal in biogeographic distribution of species
16 Darwin s voyage Galapagos fascinating wildlife Argentina discovered large mammalian fossils
17 Argentinian Fossils Giant ground sloths Giant armadillo-like creatures
18 Galapagos
19 Galapagos Giant Tortoise
20 Galapagos Finches
21 Finches and tortoises - different islands, different appearance Darwin could not connect biblical views with natural evidence Darwin concluded species change over time!! One finch and tortoise diversified to many species Remembered fossils concluded they were ancestors of current armadillo and sloth
22 Did embryonic stages of animals have characteristics of ancestors? Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny Whales had teeth (descended from sea creatures with teeth?) Snakes had rudimentary legs (descended from lizards?) Human have structures similar to gill (descended from fish?) Species were related in tree of life
23 Alfred Russel Wallace ( ) Self-trained English naturalist Developed the theory of evolution (independently from Darwin) Species evolved due to pressure from competition, predation, and environmental factors that favor one variety over another Father of zoogeography Developed numerous biogeographic principles (box 2.1, p. 33)
24 Wallace Line
25 Species are not immutable, but dynamic responding to biotic/abiotic factors But what explains the geographic distribution of species? -cosmopolitan vs. disjunct species Debate: Dispersalists vs. Extensionists Dispersalists - Long-distance dispersal events (Darwin) Extensionists - Landbridges connecting continents (lack of evidence; Lyell) Further study of dispersal ecology and greater understanding of geological processes (e.g. continental drift) would help settle dispute
26 First half of the 20 th century
27 Alfred Wegener ( ) Theory of continental drift (first introduced by Antonio Snider- Pelligrini in 1858) Not widely accepted until the 1960s Revolutionized biogeography rethink reasons for species distributional patterns
28 Wegener s Theory of Continental Drift Theory: Continents formerly joined Slowly drifting on Earth s surface Evidence: Landmasses fit together like a jigsaw Geological similarity between matching sides of continents Fossil similarities between matching sides of continents Did not know mechanism
29 Ernst Mayr ( ) Biological species concept (group of individuals that can reproduce among themselves and not with other groups) Insights into mechanisms of allopatric speciation
30 G. E. Hutchinson ( ) Multidimensional niche concept Mechanisms of species coexistence Father of Limnology
31 Late 20 th century
32 Theory of Island Biogeography - Mechanistic explanation of species richness - large islands close to mainlands have greater biodiversity than small, isolated islands Robert H. MacArthur ( ) Mathmatician & theoretical ecologist Strong emphasis on hypothesis testing Edward O. Wilson (1929 ) Naturalist & evolutionary biologist Global biodiversity and conservation
33 Evolution of ideas Age of European Exploration (early 18 th century) Catalogue/classify species Strongly influenced by religion Single origination of immutable species Age of Enlightenment (late 18 th century) Distribution & patterns of biodivsersity Climate variability important Species compete 19 th century Earth is old Species are dynamic and respond (i.e. adapt) to biotic/abiotic factors Species evolve by natural selection, go extinct Early 20 th century Geographic distribution of species due to geological (e.g. continental drift) as well as biological (species coexistence) factors Mechanisms of speciation & coexistence Late 20 th century Island biogeography: conceptual mechanism explaining species richness
34 Contemporary Biogeography Increasing diversification in Biogeography paleontology, geology, meteorology, botany, zoology Technological advances allowed complex analyses Personal computers, multivariate statistical techniques GIS, remote sensing
35
CCR Biology - Chapter 10 Practice Test - Summer 2012
Name: Class: Date: CCR Biology - Chapter 10 Practice Test - Summer 2012 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What is the term for a feature
More informationChapter 54: Community Ecology
Name Period Concept 54.1 Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved. 1. What is a community? List six organisms that would be found in your
More informationPractice Questions 1: Evolution
Practice Questions 1: Evolution 1. Which concept is best illustrated in the flowchart below? A. natural selection B. genetic manipulation C. dynamic equilibrium D. material cycles 2. The diagram below
More informationEvolution (18%) 11 Items Sample Test Prep Questions
Evolution (18%) 11 Items Sample Test Prep Questions Grade 7 (Evolution) 3.a Students know both genetic variation and environmental factors are causes of evolution and diversity of organisms. (pg. 109 Science
More informationUnit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Puzzling Evidence What evidence suggests that continents move? In the late 1800s, Alfred Wegener proposed his hypothesis of continental drift. According to this hypothesis, the continents once formed a
More informationPrinciples of Evolution - Origin of Species
Theories of Organic Evolution X Multiple Centers of Creation (de Buffon) developed the concept of "centers of creation throughout the world organisms had arisen, which other species had evolved from X
More informationThe Art of the Tree of Life. Catherine Ibes & Priscilla Spears March 2012
The Art of the Tree of Life Catherine Ibes & Priscilla Spears March 2012 from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved. Charles Darwin, The
More informationConnected Experience: Evolution and the Galápagos Tortoise
Connected Experience: Evolution and the Galápagos Tortoise GRADE LEVELS 6 th -8 th ; California Content Standards for 7 th and High School Biology Objectives SUBJECTS Life Sciences DURATION Pre-Visit:
More informationTeacher s Guide For. Core Biology: Animal Sciences
Teacher s Guide For Core Biology: Animal Sciences For grade 7 - College Programs produced by Centre Communications, Inc. for Ambrose Video Publishing, Inc. Executive Producer William V. Ambrose Teacher's
More informationwww.amnh.org Continental Drift is the movement of the Earth s continents in relation to one another.
A Plate Tectonic Puzzle Introduction The Earth s crust is not a solid shell. It is made up of thick, interconnecting pieces called tectonic plates that fit together like a puzzle. They move atop the underlying
More informationEvolutionary Evidence
Evolutionary Evidence 7th Grade, Science and English/Language Arts: Age of Mammals Make the most of your Museum field trip by integrating it into your classroom curriculum. These lesson plans provide a
More informationBiology 1406 - Notes for exam 5 - Population genetics Ch 13, 14, 15
Biology 1406 - Notes for exam 5 - Population genetics Ch 13, 14, 15 Species - group of individuals that are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring; genetically similar 13.7, 14.2 Population
More informationPre-Darwinian Thinking and Charles Darwin. http://nayagam.files.wordpress.com/2006/02/397px-charles_darwin_by_g._richmond.jpg
Pre-Darwinian Thinking and Charles Darwin http://nayagam.files.wordpress.com/2006/02/397px-charles_darwin_by_g._richmond.jpg 1 Outline Pre-Darwinian ideas on life The voyage of the Beagle The Origin of
More informationAlfred Wegener s Theory of Continental Drift Became Modern Plate Tectonics. Wegener in Greenland about 1912. He froze to death there in 1930.
Alfred Wegener s Theory of Continental Drift Became Modern Plate Tectonics Wegener in Greenland about 1912. He froze to death there in 1930. Science is self correcting. The Scientific Method The history
More informationLecture 10 Friday, March 20, 2009
Lecture 10 Friday, March 20, 2009 Reproductive isolating mechanisms Prezygotic barriers: Anything that prevents mating and fertilization is a prezygotic mechanism. Habitat isolation, behavioral isolation,
More informationEndemic and Introduced Species Lesson Plan
Grade Level: 6-8 Curriculum Focus: Ecosystems and Biomes Lesson Duration: Two class periods Student Objectives Materials Understand and apply the term endemic to animal and plant life, meaning native,
More information3 The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras
CHAPTER 9 3 The Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras SECTION A View of Earth s Past KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What were the periods of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras? What
More informationEvidence for evolution factsheet
The theory of evolution by natural selection is supported by a great deal of evidence. Fossils Fossils are formed when organisms become buried in sediments, causing little decomposition of the organism.
More informationProblem Set 5 BILD10 / Winter 2014 Chapters 8, 10-12
Chapter 8: Evolution and Natural Selection 1) A population is: a) a group of species that shares the same habitat. b) a group of individuals of the same species that lives in the same general location
More informationName Class Date WHAT I KNOW. about how organisms have changed. grown in complexity over time.
History of Life Evolution Q: How do fossils help biologists understand the history of life on Earth? 19.1 How do scientists use fossils to study Earth s history? WHAT I KNOW SAMPLE ANSWER: Fossils give
More informationSummary. 16 1 Genes and Variation. 16 2 Evolution as Genetic Change. Name Class Date
Chapter 16 Summary Evolution of Populations 16 1 Genes and Variation Darwin s original ideas can now be understood in genetic terms. Beginning with variation, we now know that traits are controlled by
More informationReligion and Science
Religion and Science Glossary Cosmology the study of the origins of the universe How did the world come into existence? Theory one Aristotle Taught that the universe has always existed and would always
More informationUnit 2 Lesson 4 The Geologic Time Scale. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Once Upon a Time How have geologists described the rate of geologic change? Geology is the scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of Earth and the processes that shape it. Early geologists
More informationMacroevolution: Change above the species level NABT 2006 Evolution Symposium
Introduction Macroevolution: Change above the species level NABT 2006 Evolution Symposium The basic concept of evolution change over time can be examined in two different time frames. The first, which
More informationThe Fossil Record and Geologic Time Scale
Two Conceptions of Earth History: Catastrophism Assumption: Great Effects Require Great Causes Earth History Dominated by Violent Events Uniformitarianism Assumption: We Can Use Cause And Effect to Determine
More informationGlobal Ecology and Wildlife Conservation
Vaughan Centre for Lifelong Learning Part-Time Certificate of Higher Education in Global Ecology and Wildlife Conservation Delivered via Distance Learning FAQs What are the aims of the course? This course
More informationTeaching the Dynamic Earth Plate Tectonics Interactive Master sheets
Teaching the Dynamic Earth Plate Tectonics Interactive Master sheets Contents Page Master Sheets for continental jigsaws Gondwanaland continents (blank outlines)...2 Four continents, showing gaps and overlap
More informationdefined largely by regional variations in climate
1 Physical Environment: Climate and Biomes EVPP 110 Lecture Instructor: Dr. Largen Fall 2003 2 Climate and Biomes Ecosystem concept physical and biological components of environment are considered as single,
More informationGeologic Time Scale Notes
Name: Date: Period: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Notes Essential Question: What is the geologic time scale? Vocabulary: Geology: the scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of Earth and the processes that
More informationTeacher s Guide For. Core Biology: Environmental Sciences
Teacher s Guide For Core Biology: Environmental Sciences For grade 7 - College Programs produced by Centre Communications, Inc. for Ambrose Video Publishing, Inc. Executive Producer William V. Ambrose
More informationMammoths helped prove that different animals existed in the very ancient past. CLUES TO THE PAST
CLUES TO THE PAST One breakthrough that helped set the stage for Darwin s theory of evolution was the discovery that Earth was once home to animals that no longer exist. For hundreds of years, many people
More informationMechanisms of Evolution
page 2 page 3 Teacher's Notes Mechanisms of Evolution Grades: 11-12 Duration: 28 mins Summary of Program Evolution is the gradual change that can be seen in a population s genetic composition, from one
More informationClassification and Evolution
Classification and Evolution Starter: How many different ways could I split these objects into 2 groups? Classification All living things can also be grouped how do we decide which groups to put them into?
More informationName Class Date. binomial nomenclature. MAIN IDEA: Linnaeus developed the scientific naming system still used today.
Section 1: The Linnaean System of Classification 17.1 Reading Guide KEY CONCEPT Organisms can be classified based on physical similarities. VOCABULARY taxonomy taxon binomial nomenclature genus MAIN IDEA:
More informationExtinction; Lecture-8
I. introduction Definition Current extinction Genetic drift Extinction; Lecture-8 II. 3 types of extinction 1. background 2. mass 3. stochastic III. 5 periods of mass IV. human caused 1. on land and in
More informationHistory of the Earth/Geologic Time 5E Unit
History of the Earth/Geologic Time 5E Unit Description: Students will create a timeline of Earth history in the classroom and learn about major changes to the Earth and life through time. Standards Targeted:
More informationEarth Science Module 21. Plate Tectonics: The Earth in Motion. Plate Tectonics Module Study Notes and Outline. Creationist Model
Earth Science Module 21 Plate Tectonics: The Earth in Motion Plate Tectonics Module Study Notes and Outline Creationist Model I. Scientists shift their paradigm A. When the data supporting plate tectonics
More informationChapter 9: Earth s Past
Chapter 9: Earth s Past Vocabulary 1. Geologic column 2. Era 3. Period 4. Epoch 5. Evolution 6. Precambrian time 7. Paleozoic era 8. Shield 9. Stromatolite 10. Invertebrate 11. Trilobite 12. Index fossil
More informationName: DUE: May 2, 2013 Ms. Galaydick. Geologic Time Scale Era Period End date (in millions of years) Cenozoic Quaternary present
Name: DUE: May 2, 2013 Ms. Galaydick Objective: Use the diagrams to answer the questions for each set: USING SCIENCE SKILLS PART #1 Geologic Time Scale Era Period End date (in millions of years) Cenozoic
More informationWJEC AS Biology Biodiversity & Classification (2.1 All Organisms are related through their Evolutionary History)
Name:.. Set:. Specification Points: WJEC AS Biology Biodiversity & Classification (2.1 All Organisms are related through their Evolutionary History) (a) Biodiversity is the number of different organisms
More informationGeologic Time. Relative Dating. Principle of Original Horizontality. Relative Time. Absolute Time. Geologic Column
Geologic Time Relative Time 5 Principles of Relative Dating Absolute Time Radiometric Dating Geologic Column Relative Dating principle of horizontality principle of superposition principle of cross-cutting
More informationOCEANS AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS - Vol. II - Conservation of Island Plant Populations and Communities - Steve Waldren
CONSERVATION OF ISLAND PLANT POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITIES Steve Waldren Trinity College Botanic Garden, Dublin, Ireland Keywords: conservation; deterministic threats; Easter Island; endangered species;
More informationContinents join together and split apart.
KEY CONCEPT Continents change position over time. BEFORE, you learned Earth s main layers are the core, the mantle, and the crust The lithosphere and asthenosphere are the topmost layers of Earth The lithosphere
More informationHot Spots & Plate Tectonics
Hot Spots & Plate Tectonics Activity I: Hawaiian Islands Procedures: Use the map and the following information to determine the rate of motion of the Pacific Plate over the Hawaiian hot spot. The volcano
More informationCharles Darwin s Notebooks from the Voyage of the `Beagle`. Transcribed, edited and
Charles Darwin s Notebooks from the Voyage of the `Beagle`. Transcribed, edited and introduced by Gordon Chancellor and John van Wythe. xxxiii + 615 pp. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2009.
More informationBIO 1: Review: Evolution
Name: Class: Date: ID: A BIO 1: Review: Evolution True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Radiometric dating measures the age of an object by measuring the proportions of radioactive
More informationGEL 113 Historical Geology
GEL 113 Historical Geology COURSE DESCRIPTION: Prerequisites: GEL 111 Corequisites: None This course covers the geological history of the earth and its life forms. Emphasis is placed on the study of rock
More informationHOW TO USE THE ES MAJOR TO CREATE YOUR OWN ENVIRONMENTAL EMPHASIS
HOW TO USE THE ES MAJOR TO CREATE YOUR OWN ENVIRONMENTAL EMPHASIS 2011 Because of the interdisciplinary design of the Environmental Studies majors (B.A. and B.S.) students are afforded the opportunity
More informationBiological collections at the University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge: a unique historical record
Biological collections at the University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge: a unique historical record Start date 7 December 2012 End date 9 December 2012 Venue Madingley Hall, Madingley, Cambridge and University
More informationTaxonomy and Classification
Taxonomy and Classification Taxonomy = the science of naming and describing species Wisdom begins with calling things by their right names -Chinese Proverb museums contain ~ 2 Billion specimens worldwide
More informationPlate Tectonics. Introduction. Boundaries between crustal plates
Plate Tectonics KEY WORDS: continental drift, seafloor spreading, plate tectonics, mid ocean ridge (MOR) system, spreading center, rise, divergent plate boundary, subduction zone, convergent plate boundary,
More informationPre-Darwinian thinking, the voyage of the Beagle, and the Origin of Species
Pre-Darwinian thinking, the voyage of the Beagle, and the Origin of Species How did life originate? What is responsible for the spectacular diversity that we see now? These are questions that have occupied
More informationName: LAB: The Geologic Time Scale
Name: LAB: The Geologic Time Scale INTRODUCTION: It is difficult to comprehend the age of the Earth and the time that various geologic events occurred in the past. A model drawn to scale is often useful
More informationAnswer Keys to Unit Tests
Reading Geography Series Answer Keys to Unit Tests Unit 1 The Five Themes of Geography Unit 2 Patterns in Physical Geography Unit 3 Natural Resources 7 Portage & Main Press Unit Test for The Five Themes
More informationInvestigating Adaptations
Investigating Adaptations 4 th Grade Duration Pre-Visit: 40 minutes Museum Visit: 60 minutes Post Visit: 50 minutes Concepts Adaptations reveal what organisms need in their environment to survive. Location
More informationThe concepts developed in this standard include the following: Oceans cover about 70% of the surface of the Earth.
Name Date Grade 5 SOL 5.6 Review Oceans Made by SOLpass - www.solpass.org solpass100@comcast.net Reproduction is permitted for SOLpass subscribers only. The concepts developed in this standard include
More informationPlate Tectonics. Hi, I am Zed and I am going to take you on a trip learning about Plate Tectonics. And I am Buddy Zed s mascot
Plate Tectonics Hi, I am Zed and I am going to take you on a trip learning about Plate Tectonics And I am Buddy Zed s mascot Continental Drift Alfred Wegener proposed that continents were not always where
More informationA Hands-On Exercise To Demonstrate Evolution
HOW-TO-DO-IT A Hands-On Exercise To Demonstrate Evolution by Natural Selection & Genetic Drift H ELEN J. YOUNG T RUMAN P. Y OUNG Although students learn (i.e., hear about) the components of evolution by
More information6 th Grade Vocabulary-ALL CAMPUSES
6 th Grade Vocabulary-ALL CAMPUSES 6.1 History. The student understands that historical events influence contemporary events. (B) analyze the historical background of the United States to evaluate relationships
More informationLab 2/Phylogenetics/September 16, 2002 1 PHYLOGENETICS
Lab 2/Phylogenetics/September 16, 2002 1 Read: Tudge Chapter 2 PHYLOGENETICS Objective of the Lab: To understand how DNA and protein sequence information can be used to make comparisons and assess evolutionary
More information2. Fill in the blank. The of a cell is like a leader, directing and telling the different parts of the cell what to do.
1. Plant and animal cells have some similarities as well as differences. What is one thing that plant and animal cells have in common? A. cell wall B. chlorophyll C. nucleus D. chloroplasts 2. Fill in
More information11A Plate Tectonics. What is plate tectonics? Setting up. Materials
11A Plate Tectonics What is plate tectonics? Earth s crust plus the upper mantle forms the lithosphere. Earth s lithosphere is broken in a number of different pieces. How these pieces move and interact
More informationChapter 8: Plate Tectonics -- Multi-format Test
Name: Class: Date: ID: A Chapter 8: Plate Tectonics -- Multi-format Test Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
More informationKermadec. Ocean Sanctuary
Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary, New Zealand Coral Sea Marine Reserve, Australia Pacific Remote Islands National Marine Monument, United States Proposed Pitcairn Marine Reserve, United
More informationClimate Change: A Local Focus on a Global Issue Newfoundland and Labrador Curriculum Links 2010-2011
Climate Change: A Local Focus on a Global Issue Newfoundland and Labrador Curriculum Links 2010-2011 HEALTH Kindergarten: Grade 1: Grade 2: Know that litter can spoil the environment. Grade 3: Grade 4:
More informationES Chapter 10 Review. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Name: Class: Date: ES Chapter 10 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Scientists used the pattern of alternating normal and reversed
More information3.1 Measuring Biodiversity
3.1 Measuring Biodiversity Every year, a news headline reads, New species discovered in. For example, in 2006, scientists discovered 36 new species of fish, corals, and shrimp in the warm ocean waters
More informationThe Story of Human Evolution Part 1: From ape-like ancestors to modern humans
The Story of Human Evolution Part 1: From ape-like ancestors to modern humans Slide 1 The Story of Human Evolution This powerpoint presentation tells the story of who we are and where we came from - how
More informationMS. Structure, Function, and Information Processing
MIDDLE SCHOOL LIFE SCIENCE Alignment with National Science Standards Use the chart below to find Science A-Z units that best support the Next Generation Science Standards* for Middle School Life Science,
More informationCarnivore, omnivore or herbivore?
Carnivore, omnivore or herbivore? Physical adaptations of the giant panda Student booklet (ST) October 2010 panda_st_student.doc Context The Giant Panda is a species that is faced with extinction. It is
More informationJennifer Carmack Cannon s Point Unit
Jennifer Carmack Cannon s Point Unit Unit Organizer: (Approximate Time: 5 days) OVERVIEW: Organisms are dependent upon other organisms for survival. The absence of one organism can disrupt all other organisms
More informationLesson Title: Constructing a Dichotomous Key and Exploring Its Relationship to Evolutionary Patterns
Lesson Title: Constructing a Dichotomous Key and Exploring Its Relationship to Evolutionary Patterns NSF GK-12 Fellow: Tommy Detmer Grade Level: 4 th and 5 th grade Type of Lesson: STEM Objectives: The
More informationGeological Timeline Challenge
Geological Timeline Challenge Suggested Grade Levels: 8-12 Description: Students will create a timeline of Earth history in the classroom and learn about major changes to the Earth and life through time.
More informationTheory of Evolution. A. the beginning of life B. the evolution of eukaryotes C. the evolution of archaebacteria D. the beginning of terrestrial life
Theory of Evolution 1. In 1966, American biologist Lynn Margulis proposed the theory of endosymbiosis, or the idea that mitochondria are the descendents of symbiotic, aerobic eubacteria. What does the
More informationChapter 2. Plate Tectonics. Plate Tectonics: Learning Goals
Plate Tectonics Chapter 2 Interactions at depend on the direction of relative plate motion and the type of crust. Which kind of plate boundary is associated with Earthquake activity? A. Divergent Boundary
More informationSystematics - BIO 615
Outline - and introduction to phylogenetic inference 1. Pre Lamarck, Pre Darwin Classification without phylogeny 2. Lamarck & Darwin to Hennig (et al.) Classification with phylogeny but without a reproducible
More informationOne Major Six Concentrations. Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst
One Major Six Concentrations Natural Resources Conservation Undergraduate Major Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Amherst Conserving Earth s biological diversity and
More informationBiology Department Competitive Admission Requirements
PHYSIOLOGY BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGY The Physiology option emphasizes physiological processes from cellular to organismal levels. This is an attractive option for students interested in the internal
More information1. Over the past century, several scientists around the world have made the following observations:
Evolution Keystone Review 1. Over the past century, several scientists around the world have made the following observations: New mitochondria and plastids can only be generated by old mitochondria and
More informationModulhandbuch / Program Catalog. Master s degree Evolution, Ecology and Systematics. (Master of Science, M.Sc.)
Modulhandbuch / Program Catalog Master s degree Evolution, Ecology and Systematics (Master of Science, M.Sc.) (120 ECTS points) Based on the Examination Regulations from March 28, 2012 88/434/---/M0/H/2012
More informationUnderstanding by Design. Title: BIOLOGY/LAB. Established Goal(s) / Content Standard(s): Essential Question(s) Understanding(s):
Understanding by Design Title: BIOLOGY/LAB Standard: EVOLUTION and BIODIVERSITY Grade(s):9/10/11/12 Established Goal(s) / Content Standard(s): 5. Evolution and Biodiversity Central Concepts: Evolution
More informationAustralian Antarctic Science Strategic Plan 2011-12 to 2020-21 Stream Implementation Plan November 2013
Australian Antarctic Science Strategic Plan 2011-12 to 2020-21 Stream Implementation Plan November 2013 Stream 2.2 Stream goal Vulnerability and spatial protection To provide the scientific foundation
More informationPrinciples of Ecology
2 Principles of Ecology section 1 Organisms and Their Relationships Before You Read On the lines below, list the organisms that you have encountered today. You share the same environment with these organisms.
More informationComplete tests for CO 2 and H 2 Link observations of acid reactions to species
Acids and Bases 1. Name common acids and bases found at home and at school 2. Use formulae for common acids and bases 3. Give examples of the uses of acids and bases 4. State that all solutions are acidic,
More informationThe Lead-up to On the Origin of Species
The Lead-up to On the Origin of Species Epigenesis vs. Preformationism Close historical and conceptual relation between formation of species and development of individual organisms Two competing perspectives:
More informationFoundations of Earth Science (Lutgens and Tarbuck, 6 th edition, 2011)
EAS 100 Study Guide to Textbook Foundations of Earth Science (Lutgens and Tarbuck, 6 th edition, 2011) STUDY GUIDE 8/2010 The textbook for EAS 100, Foundations of Earth Science, by Lutgens and Tarbuck
More informationEcology Module B, Anchor 4
Ecology Module B, Anchor 4 Key Concepts: - The biological influences on organisms are called biotic factors. The physical components of an ecosystem are called abiotic factors. - Primary producers are
More informationBiological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES)
Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Never Stand Still Faculty of Science School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences at UNSW
More informationAssign: Unit 1: Preparation Activity page 4-7. Chapter 1: Classifying Life s Diversity page 8
Assign: Unit 1: Preparation Activity page 4-7 Chapter 1: Classifying Life s Diversity page 8 1.1: Identifying, Naming, and Classifying Species page 10 Key Terms: species, morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy,
More informationPreparation. Educator s Section: pp. 1 3 Unit 1 instructions: pp. 4 5 Unit 2 instructions: pp. 6 7 Masters/worksheets: pp. 8-17
ActionBioscience.org lesson To accompany the article by Lawrence M. Page, Ph.D.: "Planetary Biodiversity Inventories: A Response to the Taxonomic Crisis" (May 2006) http://www.actionbioscience.org/biodiversity/page.html
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF ORGANISMS
reflect Take a look at the pictures on the right. Think about what the two organisms have in common. They both need food and water to survive. They both grow and reproduce. They both have similar body
More informationUnderstanding Geologic Time from the Texas Memorial Museum
Understanding Geologic Time from the Texas Memorial Museum Objective To gain a better understanding of the geologic time scale. Materials Activity 1: Geologic Time Geologic Time Activity Worksheet (included)
More informationPlate Tectonics. Earth, 9 th edition Chapter 2
1 Plate Tectonics Earth, 9 th edition Chapter 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Plate Tectonics: summary in haiku form Alfred Wegener gave us Continental Drift. Fifty years later... Continental Drift
More informationLife in the Bay Getting to know the Bay s plants and animals
Life in the Bay Getting to know the Bay s plants and animals Over erview iew In this activity students will become acquainted with a plant or animal that lives in the San Francisco Bay. Students will research
More informationSEMESTER AT SEA COURSE SYLLABUS University of Virginia, Academic Sponsor
Voyage: Fall 2015 Discipline: Biology Course Title: Introduction to Marine Biology Division: Lower Division Faculty Name: Dr Christine Dudgeon Credit Hours: 3; Contact Hours: 38 Pre-requisites: SEMESTER
More informationGeol 101: Physical Geology PAST EXAM QUESTIONS LECTURE 4: PLATE TECTONICS II
Geol 101: Physical Geology PAST EXAM QUESTIONS LECTURE 4: PLATE TECTONICS II 4. Which of the following statements about paleomagnetism at spreading ridges is FALSE? A. there is a clear pattern of paleomagnetic
More informationLesson Overview. Biodiversity. Lesson Overview. 6.3 Biodiversity
Lesson Overview 6.3 6.3 Objectives Define biodiversity and explain its value. Identify current threats to biodiversity. Describe how biodiversity can be preserved. THINK ABOUT IT From multicolored coral
More informationPlate Tectonics Short Study Guide
Name: Class: Date: Plate Tectonics Short Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The existence of coal beds in Antarctica
More informationScience 7 th Grade. Core Concepts:
Core Concepts: 1) All living things share common characteristics and are classified based upon similarities and differences of major physical characteristics. 2) The Earth itself and the life forms on
More informationUse this diagram of a food web to answer questions 1 through 5.
North arolina Testing Program EO iology Sample Items Goal 4 Use this diagram of a food web to answer questions 1 through 5. coyotes 3. If these organisms were arranged in a food pyramid, which organism
More information