Physical Geology Chapter 4 Notes

Transcription

1 Physical Geology Chapter 4 Notes Slide 2 Name three general regions where volcanoes form. A) B) C) Slide 3 Name and describe three types of lava/magma A) B) C) Volcanoes Chapter 4 Physical Geology - 1 -

2 Slide 4 What is slica? What are some gases emitted during a volcanic eruption? What is viscosity? Slide 5 Characteristics of Three Types of Magmas Characteristic Mafic Intermediate Felsic Silica content Gas content Viscosity Eruption Type Temperature Location How do the following affect magma/lava viscosity? 1)Silica content 2)Gas Content 3)Temperature Volcanoes Chapter 4 Physical Geology - 2 -

3 Why do viscous magmas/lava produce explosive volcanic eruptions? What types of magmas form the most dangerous/explosive volcanoes? Slide 6 Name and define two types of lava flows from basaltic lava. Name this type of lava flow. Name this tpe of lava flow Volcanoes Chapter 4 Physical Geology - 3 -

4 Slide 7: There are other features associated with lava flows. What is a lava tube? Slide 8: What are pillow lavas? Slide 9: Fissure flows? Flood Basalts? Slide 10 Columnar Joints? Can you find the basalt columnal on the counter top on the west side of the room? Get up and take a look at it. Slide11 Name four types of pyroclastic materials. a) b) c) d) What in the world are pyroclastic materials anyway? What are lapilli? What are volcanic blocks? Volcanoes Chapter 4 Physical Geology - 4 -

5 Slide 12: What is volcanic ash? Slide 13: What are volcanic bombs? Slide 14: What is a volcano? What basic shape does most volcanoes have? Slide 15: What are volcanic craters and how do they form? Slide 16: Draw and label the working of a volcano in the space below (this will most definitely be on the test). What is a parasitic volcano (parasitic cone)? Volcanoes Chapter 4 Physical Geology - 5 -

6 Slide 17: Name four different types of volcanoes. a) b) c) d) Slide 18: What is the largest type of volcano? What is the smallest type of volcano? What is the name of the largest volcano on Earth s surface and where is it found? Draw simplified shapes of the three types of volcanoes shown in this slide. Slide 19 What is a composite volcano? Sketch a side-view of a stratovolcano. What does strato mean? Slide 20: Name two examples of Stratovolcanoes. What is the world s largest land-based volcano? Volcanoes Chapter 4 Physical Geology - 6 -

7 Slide 21: Draw a side view (cross section) of a cinder cone. Slide 22) What is a cinder cone? Name a couple of examples of cinder cone volcanoes. Slide 23: What is a shield volcano Make a sketch of a shield volcano. Slide 24: Name some shield volcanoes. Slide 25: What are spatter cones? What is another name for spatter cones? Slide 26: Name and define/describe two other types of flows associated with volcanoes and volcanic materials. Volcanoes Chapter 4 Physical Geology - 7 -

8 Slide 27: Add more information about ash flows. Slide 28: What eruption produced both types of flows? Slide 29: What is a caldera? How does a caldera form? Tell some things about the Yellowstone caldera. Slide 30: Name three steps in the formation of a caldera. What is another famous caldera in North America besides Yellowstone? Slide 32: What is a volcanic neck? Describe how a volcanic neck forms. Slide 33: Name two examples of volcanic necks. Slide 34: Why do volcanoes form along divergent plate boundaries. What major geographic feature is associated with divergent plate boundaries? What is the most common type of extrusive igneous rock that forms along divergent boundaries? Volcanoes Chapter 4 Physical Geology - 8 -

9 Why do volcanoes form at subduction zones? What is a volcanic arc? Why do magmatic arcs form? What is the most common type of volcanic rock associated with subduction zones? What is meant by intraplate activity? Name a place in the pacific plate where there is intraplate activity. What type of volcanic rock is formed there? Name a place in North America where there has been intraplate volcanic activity. What type of extrusive rock has been extruded there? Why? Slide 35 and 36: What is the Ring of Fire and what is responsible for its formation? It is also called the Circum Pacific Belt. Slide 37: Name and explain four effects of volcanism on humans. a) b) c) d) Volcanoes Chapter 4 Physical Geology - 9 -