2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules. KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.
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1 KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.
2 Atomic Basis of Life?! Can atoms in non-living things like dirt and rocks be the same as atoms in organic or living things?
3 Carbon atoms have unique bonding properties. Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to other atoms, including. Carbon-based molecules have three general types of structures. chain chain
4 The Importance of the Carbon Backbone The carbon backbone allows, which make up life!!!!! Organisms use these molecules to. Carbon atoms can bind to each other or to other atoms in an endless variety of. The different shapes that carbon can create are the molecules necessary for life -!
5 Which other elements are essential to living things?! SPONCH!! Sulfur!! Phosphorous!! Oxygen!! Nitrogen!! Carbon!! Hydrogen!!! Can atoms in non-living things like dirt and rocks be the same as atoms in organic or living things?
6 Macromolecules,,, and are referred to as macromolecules because of their. Macro = Molecule = More than one covalently together. Formed by process called. Large compounds built by joining of molecules together.
7 Macromolecules are made of many small subunits bonded together. are the subunits. are made of many. How are polymers formed??
8 How do you make a polymer?! To build polymers!! Lose a molecule
9 How do you break down a polymer? Hydrolysis! To break down!! Requires a molecule
10 Diversity - Different kinds of macromolecules! There are FOUR major classes of molecules:!!!!
11 What makes macromolecules different?!!!!! (types of elements)!! Part of your (connect to food groups)!!
12 Functional Groups: Structures that give properties to a molecule Hydroxyl Alcohol Polar, form H-bonds Carboxyl Organic Acids, amino acids Acidic Amino Amino acids Basic Sulfhydryl Proteins Form sulfide Bonds Phosphate DNA, ATP Store energy
13 Two more! More than one functional group?!?! What gives this molecule its twist?
14 Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. are made of,, and. carbs = sweet- tasting sugars! carbs = starch, cellulose, chitin
15 Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. Carbohydrates function is to provide a quick for living things. Classification: A. sugars glucose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose
16 B. - monosaccharides chemically bonded together by - Maltose, sucrose, lactose!! C. - of monosaccharides formed by - starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
17
18 Carbohydrates can be broken down to. Some carbohydrates are part of. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. Polymer (cellulose) monomer Cellulose is a polymer of glucose monomers that has a straight, rigid structure
19 Plants and animals each have different carbohydrates used for energy storage and structure Carb. used to store energy: Carb. used for structure: Found in Plants: Found in Animals: (insects and crustaceans)
20 are nonpolar molecules that include,, and. in water due to.! Classification: Fats and Oils ( ): Contain and - Glycerol- Contains - Fatty acid- consists of long.
21 Fats and oils contain fatty acids bonded to glycerol. Triglyceride
22 Fats and oils contain different types of fatty acids.
23 Types of Fats and Fatty Acids
24 head (hydrophilic) tails (hydrophobic) Phospholipid
25 Phospholipids are made of phospholipids
26 Lipids Have skeletons of carbon. - Cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen!!! - fatty acid bonds with a longchain. - High melting point - Waterproof - Resistant to degradation - Made by insects
27 Lipids have several different functions. as a source of energy make up used to make hormones
28 are polymers of monomers. different amino acids are used to build proteins in organisms. One amino acid Functions
29 Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers. Twenty different amino acids are used to build proteins in organisms. Amino acids in groups, or groups. Functions Support Enzymes Transport Defense Hormones Motion
30 Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers. Amino acids are by bonds. Functions Support Enzymes Transport Defense Hormones Motion
31 Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers. Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds.
32 Proteins Protein Structure - Sequence of amino acids.! - Polypeptide coils or folds in a particular fashion.! - Folding and twisting that results in final three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide.! - Consists of more than one polypeptide.
33 Protein Structure - Sequence of amino acids.
34 Protein Structure - Polypeptide coils or folds in a particular fashion.
35 Protein Structure - Folding and twisting that results in final three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide.
36 Protein Structure - Consists of more than one polypeptide. Proteins differ in the and of amino acids. Amino acids interact to give a protein its. Hemoglobin hydrogen bond amino acids change a protein s and.
37
38 are polymers of monomers called. are made of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. A phosphate group nitrogen-containing molecule, called a base deoxyribose (sugar)
39 Nucleic acids are polymers of monomers called nucleotides. Nucleotides are made of a. stores genetic information. DNA builds proteins. RNA
40 DNA Complementary base-pairing
41 ATP: Adenosine triphosphate A special nucleotide that contains Energy is stored in the It is the energy currency for all living things
42 ATP: A special nucleotide that contains of chemical energy! Energy is stored in the bonds! It is the for all living things
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