Solid Waste Management in. Thailand An Overview

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1 Hazardous and Industrial Solid Waste Management in An Overview C. Visvanathan Environmental Engineering and Management Program Asian Institute of Technology Web: Visu 1

2 Hazardous Waste Program Development in 1967 LAWS/POLICY Poisonous Substances Act LAWS/POLICY Factory Act. n 1975 LAWS/POLICY National Environmental Quality Promotion & Conservation Act (NEQA). trial SWM in 1978 NEQA Amendments. us and Indust NEQA Amendments established National Environment Broad (NEB). Hazardou 1983 FACILITIES Initiation of Samae Dam TSD facility. Visu 2

3 1988 REGULATIONS Through 1992: National planning effort focused on need for comprehensive HWM system. Through 1992: Ministry of industry promulgated variety of HWM announcements & regulations. Samae Dam TSD facility opened FACILITIES Enhancement & Conservation of National & Environmental Quality Act. Hazardous Substances Act. Factory Act. NEB raised to subcabinet level. Pollution Control Department created. General Environmental Conservation Company established FACILITIES Rayong TSD facility opened. Visu 3

Estimation of quality and quantity of hazardous waste Difficulties in data collection Small scale nature of the industries and reluctant to provide information Actual data is not available and the

4 Estimation of quality and quantity of hazardous waste Difficulties in data collection Small scale nature of the industries and reluctant to provide information Actual data is not available and the most of the data available is from estimation based on various assumption The available data is not realistic T H A I L A N D Visu 4 932,638 t/y (1990) ( 1,200,000 t/y (1991)(Cirillo et al, 1994) 882,000 t/y (1993) (Harnandez J, 1993) 1,200,000 t/y (1986) (USTDP, 1988) (based on number of workers) 4

5 Hazardous Waste Generation in 2008 by Source and Region trial SWM in ion tons/ /year Mill Hazardou us and Indust 0.0 Bangkok & vicinities Central East Northeast North South Total Industry Community Total Visu 5 Source: State of Pollution 2008

6 Industrial Hazardous Waste Management in 2008 HZW management method Tons/year Percentage Secured landfill 318, Co-incineration in cement kiln and incineration in 151, industrial waste incinerator Domestic recycling 1,074, Export to recycling 218, Separated and stored in factory 1, Others 71, Visu 6 Total 1,836, Source: Department of Industrial Works

7 Number of Registered Hazardous Waste Disposal/Recovery Facilities in 2010 Type of facility Hazardous wastewater treatment plant (under the factory control type 101) Incineration plant (under the factory control type 101) - Hazardous waste incinerator - Grey and white cement kiln Secured landfill for hazardous waste (under the factory control type 105) Hazardous waste separation plant (under the factory control type 105) No. of facility Hazardous waste recycling plant (under the factory control type 106) 262 Total 276 Visu Source: Department of Industrial Works, February

8 Overview of Hazardous Waste Management in n Reuse/recycle/ recovery us and Indust trial SWM in Waste generators Manifest system Waste processors Waste disposal facilities Hazardou Waste transporter Visu 8

9 Implementation of HZW Manifest System in Waste generators Regulatory agencies Waste transporters Waste treatment & disposal service companies Uniform-submitted pathway No. = 1 Regulatory agency 2 Waste generator 3 Regulatory agency Uniform (6 copies) 4 Waste transporter 5 Waste treatment & 6 Waste generator disposal company Visu 9

10 s Uniform HZW Manifest Waste generator Visu 10 Waste transporter Waste treatment t t & disposal service company

11 Current Practices on Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal n Illegal dumping Improper HZW treatment & disposal Discharge to sewer and environment Co-disposal with municipal waste Visu 11

12 Illegal Dumping Visu 12 Waste containing corrosive substances, heavy metals and chemical waste are illegally dumped on the roadside of Chonburi-Pattaya Bypass Source: Industrial Environment Research and Development Bureau, Department of Industrial Works

13 Current Practices on Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal Recycle as material Recycle y for energy gy Downgraded polymer, used Hazardouus and Industtrial SWM inn lubricant, fluorescent lamp Bangpoo HZW incinerator solvent, WW sludge Proper HZW treatment & disposal Operated since 2008 q g, solid Liquid waste,, sludge, infectious & hazardous wastes Visu HZW types disallowed EIA is compulsory p y Bottom/fly ash, used Secure landfill Start operated in 1997 Stabilization before disposed of in landfill

14 List of Hazardous Waste Types Disallowed to Dispose in Cement Kiln Spent lead subacetate Filter paper contaminated with lead subacetate Filtrate containing lead subacetate Acid alkyl sludges Oil containing acids Acid tars Wastes containing mercury Barium sulfate sludge containing mercury Aqueous washing liquids and mother liquors Organic halogenated solvents, washing liquids and mother Visu 14 liquors Other organic solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors Halogenated still bottoms and reaction residues Other still bottoms and reaction residues Halogenated filter cakes and spent absorbents Other filter cakes and spent b b t Our focus absorbents Sludge from on-site effluent treatment containing dangerous substances Solid wastes containing dangerous substances Chlorofluorocarbons These wastes have to be treated in hazardous waste incineration only

15 Sludge from Effluent Treatment containing Dangerous Substances Waste from industries i Weighing g Waiting wastes for treatment Laboratory results Inorganic Organic Non- hazardous Visu 15 Solid Liquid Liquid Solid Hazardous Fuel blending No heat value Thermal combustion Secured Wastewater Synthetic Stabilization landfill treatment fuel Leachate Effluent discharge Source: GENCO 2005

Bangpoo Industrial Waste Management Center Department of Industrial Works, Ministry of Industry is the project s proprietor Visu 16 Akkhie Prakarn Co. Ltd.

16 Bangpoo Industrial Waste Management Center Department of Industrial Works, Ministry of Industry is the project s proprietor Visu 16 Akkhie Prakarn Co. Ltd. has been granted the rights to manage and operate Bangpoo Industrial Waste Management Centre (Waste Incinerator) Samut Prakarn province Aims to generate appropriate p hazardous waste elimination processes and safety to the environment Source:

17 Bangpoo Industrial Waste Management Center Facilitate waste disposal services in particular of liquid waste, sludge, solid along with infectious and hazardous wastes Capacity: tons/day Incinerator system: containing 2 parts Rotary kiln (> 925 C) Secondary combustion chamber (>1,100 C) 100 C) Air purification system - Partial quench tower or evaporative cooling system, dry lime & activated carbon injection system, bag filter house, selective catalytic reduction and packed scrubber tower Continuous emission monitoring system Visu 17 Source:

18 Hazardous Waste Co-Processing in Cement Plant - Case of Siam Cement Co. Ltd., Main phases of cement manufacturing Preparation of raw materials into raw meal (extraction crushing pre-homogenization dosing grinding homogenization) Clinker production: Pyro-processing of raw materials (calcinations of the raw meal into the rotary kiln energy supplied by burning fuels) Cement production: Grinding of clinker and mineral components to obtain cement Visu 18

Hazardous Waste Co-Processing in Cement Plant - Case of Siam Cement Co. Ltd., As cement production is an energy intensive industry, could waste be the solution?

19 Hazardous Waste Co-Processing in Cement Plant - Case of Siam Cement Co. Ltd., As cement production is an energy intensive industry, could waste be the solution? SCG is in collaboration with SCI Eco Services Co., Ltd. to utilize its wastes in cement manufacturing to achieve zero waste to landfill within 2012 Physical and chemical properties of all accepted wastes are analyzed prior to dispose in a cement kiln Homogeneous waste can be effectively recovered by co-processing in the cement-making gprocess Visu 19 As alternative fuel (co-processing of waste) As alternative raw materials

Type of Wastes Disposed in Cement Kiln Industrial waste that can be burnt as AFR in a cement kiln should contains low Chloride, low sulphur, low alkali and especially low heavy metal (such as Hg, Pb,

20 Type of Wastes Disposed in Cement Kiln Industrial waste that can be burnt as AFR in a cement kiln should contains low Chloride, low sulphur, low alkali and especially low heavy metal (such as Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd,), weak odor and low acid The wastes used as alternative raw materials must contain an oxide of Ca, Si, Al and Fe, which are four major compositions o s Cartridge Filter Paint sludge Wastewater sludge Visu 20 Iron exchange resin Coke Source:

21 Visu 21 Thank You Hazardous and Industrial SWM in

IDENTIFYING YOUR WASTE

United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA530-F-97-029 September 1997 http://www.epa.gov Solid Waste and Emergency Response IDENTIFYING YOUR WASTE THE STARTING POINT This brochure explains the methodology