Characteristics of the Text Genre Informational Text Text Structure

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1 LESSON 15 TEACHER S GUIDE by Philip Mayer Fountas-Pinnell Level L Informational Text Selection Summary Bald eagles are large, strong birds that hunt fish and small animals such as rabbits and mice. They build huge nests in tall trees. Both parents care for their young. Because bald eagles are strong and free, they have been made America s national bird. Number of Words: 420 Characteristics of the Text Genre Informational Text Text Structure Content Themes and Ideas Language and Literary Features Sentence Complexity Vocabulary Words Illustrations Book and Print Features Organized into a few simple categories Section headings indicate content Each section a different subtopic of the main topic Details help the reader to compare and contrast Bald eagles Hunting behavior and diet Nest building Bald eagles as the national bird A bird can serve as a symbol of a country. People connect bald eagles with America because the birds are strong and free. Simple, straightforward language Description but no fi gurative use of language A mix of short and more complex sentences Exclamations Content words: bald, feathers, weighs, hollow, paddle, hunt High-frequency words: animal, also, away, baby, brown, carry, eight, eyes, good, ground, grow, head, high, light, long, most, near, only, or, seven, think, uses, walk, water, why Photos on every page Easy-to-read section headings that indicate contents Predictable placement of text Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Permission is hereby granted to individual teachers using the corresponding (discipline) Leveled Readers to photocopy student worksheets from this publication in classroom quantities for instructional use and not for resale. Requests for information on other matters regarding duplication of this work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, Attn: Contracts, Copyrights, and Licensing, 9400 SouthPark Center Loop, Orlando, Florida Printed in the U.S.A If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

2 by Philip Mayer Build Background Read the title to children and help them identify the bird on the cover as a bald eagle. Invite children to share what they know about bald eagles. Ask questions such as the following: What do you think of when you see this picture of bald eagles? What is the adult eagle doing? Introduce the Text Guide children through the text, noting important ideas, and helping with unfamiliar language and vocabulary so they can read the text successfully. Here are some suggestions: Page 2: Explain that this book is about big, strong birds called bald eagles. Suggested language: Turn to page 2 of this book. The photo on this page shows a huge bald eagle. How do you think the bald eagle got its name? Page 3: Remind children that headings give clues to what the text will be about. The heading on page 3 says: Made to Fly. What do you think you will learn about when you read the page? The last sentence says: Each wing can be seven or eight feet long! How long are you? Page 7: The heading on this page is Building Nests. Find the nest in the photo. What can you tell about the nest? Page 8: Turn to page 8 and look at the photo. This is a close-up view of bald eagles in their nest. The nest is in a tall tree. It a good shelter from wind and rain. The bald eagle s nest keeps the baby eagles safe until they can fl y. Page 10: Look at the photo. What do you see behind the eagle? In the heading, the author calls the bald eagle America s Bird. The sentence reads: Americans are proud of the bald eagle, so they made it the national bird. Why might the bald eagle be the best bird to stand for America? Now go back to the beginning and read to learn more about bald eagles. Learn More Words national shelter 2 Lesson 15:

3 Read Have children read silently while you listen to individual children read. Support their problem solving and fluency as needed. Respond to the Text Personal Response Ask children to share their personal responses to the book. Begin by asking what they liked best about the book, or what they found interesting. Suggested language: What more would you like to know about bald eagles? Ways of Thinking As you discuss the text, make sure children understand these teaching points: Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text Bald eagles are large, strong birds that eat fish and small animals. Bald eagles build huge nests in tall trees. The bald eagle is America s national bird. A bird can serve as a symbol of a country like the United States. Because people view bald eagles as strong and free, they connect the bird with America. The text is organized by topics. The section headings give a good idea of what information will be covered. The author includes many details about bald eagles Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. Choices for Support Fluency Invite children to select passages from and a fiction book about animals and demonstrate different ways of reading fiction and nonfiction texts. Phonics and Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and sounds, using one of the following activities: Make Words Materials: index cards. Write the target words national and shelter and some of the high-frequency words from the book on index cards and display them. On the board, write infl ectional endings, such as ly, ed, ing, s, es. Give children blank index cards, and invite them to make new words by adding endings to the words displayed and write the new words on the cards. Word Wall Materials: words on word wall, index cards. Have children choose fi ve words from the word wall and read them. Then have children write the words on cards. Have partners build sentences using some of their words and adding other words. 3 Lesson 15:

4 Writing About Reading Critical Thinking Read the directions for children on BLM 15.9 and guide them in answering the questions. Responding Read aloud the questions at the back of the book and help children complete the activities. Target Comprehension Skill Compare and Contrast Remind children that when they compare and contrast, they tell how two things are alike or not. Model how to think about comparisons: Think Aloud How can I tell if bald eagles are like other birds or not? In some ways, bald eagles are like other birds. They have wings and can fly, and they build nests in trees. In some ways, bald eagles are not like other birds. Not all birds are big and strong like bald eagles. Not all birds eat small animals. Practice the Skill Have children compare and contrast two different birds with which they are familiar, such as a robin and a parakeet. Writing Prompt Read aloud the following prompt. Have children write their response, using the writing prompt on page 6. What do you like about bald eagles? Write a paragraph that tells what you most like about bald eagles and why. Use details from the book. 4 Lesson 15:

5 Read directions to children. English Language Learners Reading Support In Introduce the Text (page 2), include as much practice as needed to help children become familiar with the language structures of the book. Oral Language Development Check the children s comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches their English proficiency level. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the child. Beginning/ Early Intermediate Intermediate Early Advanced/ Advanced Speaker 1: What is this book about? Speaker 2: bald eagles Speaker 1: Point to the bald eagle on page 2. Speaker 2: [Points to the bald eagle] Speaker 1: What are bald eagles bones like? Speaker 2: Their bones are hollow. Speaker 1: How do hollow bones help birds fly? Speaker 2: Hollow bones are light. Speaker 1: Do bald eagles have long or short wings? Speaker 2: long wings Speaker 1: Why did Americans make the bald eagle our national bird? Speaker 2: Bald eagles are strong and free, and so is America. The bald eagle stands for a strong, free America. Name Lesson 15 BLACKLINE MASTER 15.8 Write the word that completes each sentence. 1. Bald eagles can fly because they have hollow bones. heavy small hollow 2. The bald eagle is our national bird because it is strong. strong weak small Making Connections Think about another kind of large bird. Draw a picture of the bird. Label your picture.. All rights reserved. 10, Unit 3: Nature Near and Far 5 Lesson 15:

6 Name Date What do you like about bald eagles? Write a paragraph that tells what you most like about bald eagles and why. Use details from the book. 6 Lesson 15:

7 Name Lesson 15 BLACKLINE MASTER 15.9 Write the word that completes each sentence. 1. Bald eagles can fly because they have bones. heavy small hollow 2. The bald eagle is our national bird because it is. strong weak small Making Connections Think about another kind of large bird. Draw a picture of the bird. Label your picture. 7 Lesson 15:

8 Student Date Lesson 15 BLACKLINE MASTER LEVEL L Running Record Form page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections 7 Bald eagles build nests in the tallest trees they can find. The eagles make their nests from twigs and grass. They use feathers, too. A nest can be very big. It can weigh up to 2,000 pounds! 8 The nest is a good shelter from wind and rain. It is a safe place for baby eagles to grow. Both parents bring food to the nest and feed the babies. After 12 weeks, the young eagles are ready to fly away. Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read correctly/79 100) % Total Self- Corrections Behavior Code Error Read word correctly cat 0 Repeated word, sentence, or phrase Omission cat 0 cat 1 Behavior Code Error Substitution cut cat 1 Self-corrects cut sc cat Insertion the ˆcat 1 Word told T 1 cat Lesson 15: