Identify the institutions which have a stake in the process of food security policy formulation and implementation.

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1 Screen 1of 21 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Identify the institutions which have a stake in the process of food security policy formulation and implementation. Define the role and functions of the relevant stakeholders in food security policy formulation and implementation. Indicate possible arrangements for a functional institutional set-up to ensure effective coordination of food security information and actions.

2 Screen 2of 21 INTRODUCTION Food security is an overarching and cross-cutting issue The formulation and implementation of FSPs depend on an active involvement of various government institutions as well as other key stakeholders

3 Screen 3of 21 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS Government institutions involved in Food Security Policy formulation and implementation: Ministry of Planning/ National Planning Commission Ministry of Agriculture Other Ministries Local Government Institutions

4 Screen 4of 21 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS Ministry of Planning / National Planning Commission FSP forms integral part of a National Policy & Planning Framework (NPPF). There are two principal ways to achieve such integration: Food Security Policies Food Security Policy Integrating FSP issues into other national development policies and strategies. Preparing a specific Food Security Policy document.

5 Screen 5of 21 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS Ministry of Agriculture It plays a key role in the process. It is directly concerned with various core aspects of FS: Contributing to sufficient and stable food supplies; and Improving access to food.

6 Screen 6of 21 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS In many countries, the Ministry of Agriculture is mandated to coordinate and promote food security in general Example: Institutional Set-Up for Coordinating FSP in Lesotho The Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MAFS) assumes an overall coordinating role in food security matters. Within its conventional mandate, MAFS is responsible for all fields of agricultural development contributing to access, availability and stability. There are pros and cons to the approach of entrusting the Ministry of Agriculture with overall coordination of FSPs.

7 Screen 7of 21 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS Ministry Ministry of Economic Development Ministry of Education Other Ministries Poverty alleviation. Food Security Policy issues School feeding; school gardens; inclusion of food security aspects (nutrition, home gardening etc.) in school and adult education curricula. Ministry of Environment Natural resource conservation and rehabilitation for promoting sustainable development and long-term food security. Ministry of Foreign Affairs/ International Cooperation Ministry of Finance Negotiations and agreements with development partners (UN organizations, donors, NGOs) on support to food security policies and programmes. Budget allocations and approval for food security policy interventions.

8 Screen 8of 21 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS Other Ministries Ministry Ministry of Health Ministry of Labour/ Works Ministry of Marketing & Trade Ministry of Social Affairs/ Women/ Youth Food Security Policy issues Nutrition /child nutrition, e.g. Mother and Child Health Care and Nutrition; (supplementary) child feeding programmes; also: nutrition education, sanitation. Employment generation- / public works- / cash-forwork, food-for-work-programmes. Food price and marketing regulations; food export / import regulations; marketing organizations and infrastructure; cooperatives; subsidies. Social safety nets; social protection of vulnerable groups; special programmes for (particular groups of) women and youth with relevance for food security.

9 Screen 9of 21 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS Disaster preparedness and management is another important field of food security policies. Often a special agency is mandated with this function. UN structures may assume government role also with respect to food security policies.

10 Screen 10of 21 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS Local Government Institutions Provincial, district and community administrations: generate data and information on the FS situation, identify and articulate acute food security problems; are responsible for the implementation of food security policy measures.

11 Screen 11of 21 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL STAKEHOLDERS Non-governmentalstakeholders involved in Food Security Policy formulation and implementation: Local and International NGOs Civil society Organizations (CSOs) UN and donor agencies

12 Screen 12of 21 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL STAKEHOLDERS Local and International NGOs Local and international NGOs operate a wide spectrum of FS related programmes in a country. They make substantial contributions in these fields: advocacy and awareness creation of FS issues; mobilization and provision of material resources; technical assistance; training and capacity building; community mobilization.

13 Screen 13of 21 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL STAKEHOLDERS Civil society Organizations (CSOs) CSOs need to be actively involved particularly in issues such as: Advocacy. Provision of expertise. Sensitization on relevant FS issues. Proposals for projects and programmes. Mobilization and organization of their members for action. Monitoring of the implementation and impacts of FS interventions.

14 Screen 14of 21 ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL STAKEHOLDERS UN and donor agencies Contributions by UN agencies and bilateral donors, concern in particular: policy analysis and advice; provision of financial and material resources for FS related programmes; technical assistance;

15 Screen 15of 21 INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP AND COORDINATION MECHANISM Principles that should guide the establishment of an institutional setup for the implementation of FSPs: Effective coordination and cooperation Efficient flow and exchange of FS information Responsiveness

16 Screen 16of 21 INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP AND COORDINATION MECHANISM There are some institutional arrangements that can help to put the principles for the establishment of an institutional set-up into practice: Establishment offs Focal Points at all relevant institutions Formation offs Committees at central and decentralized levels

17 Screen 17of 21 INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP AND COORDINATION MECHANISM Establishment of FS Focal Points at all relevant institutions Governmental institutions and NGOs designate a senior staff member as Food Security Focal Point. The FSFP serves as internal and external link for coordination and communication in matters of FS and will represent the institution in Food Security Committees.

18 Screen 18of 21 INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP AND COORDINATION MECHANISM Formation of FS Committees at central and decentralized levels There are 3 types of Committees: Steering Committee Technical Committee Committees at decentralised levels One problem with FSCs is that they are often poorly resourced

19 Screen 19of 21 WHO SHOULD LEAD THE FSP PROCESS A super-ministerial institutional body with the authority to coordinate all institutions involved A high level Steering Committee, possibly chaired by the Prime Minister s Office, would fulfill such role. Often, however, it is the Ministry of Agriculture that initiates the process of formulating and implementing FSPs.

20 Screen 20of 21 WHO SHOULD LEAD THE FSP PROCESS Office of the PRIME MINISTER High ranking officials MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE & other MINISTRIES Food Security Focal Points Chair Food Security Policy Steering Committee Food Security Technical Committee Representatives of other organizations relevant for food security policies (NGOs, CSOs, UN & donor agencies) Other organizations concerned with food security issues at national level (NGOs, CSOs, UN & donor agencies) Decentralized departments & Local Government Institutions Food Security Committees at decentralised levels Other organizations concerned with food security issues at local levels

21 Screen 21of 21 SUMMARY The institutions that have a stake in the process of food security policy formulation and implementation are: Ministry of Planning/National Planning Commission; Ministry of Agriculture; Other ministries and government institutions (different from country to country); and Local Government Institutions. The Non-Governmental stakeholders that should be involved in the FSP process are: Local and International NGOs; Civil society Organizations (CSOs); and UN and donor agencies. The involvement of a wide range of state and non-state actors in the implementation of FSPs requires a functional institutional set-up with well functioning coordination structures, ensuring an efficient flow and exchange of food security information and coordinated effective actions.