Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Presented to the Transportation and Environment Committee

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2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Presented to the Transportation and Environment Committee June 11, 2012

3 Presentation Overview Background on Greenhouse Gases U.S. Conference of Mayor s Climate Change Agreement Results of 2010 Greenhouse Gas Inventory: Emissions from City Operations Results of 2010 Greenhouse Gas Inventory: Emissions from Community Sources New City Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target Current City of Dallas Initiatives for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Future City Initiatives to Lower Community-Wide Emissions Next Steps Page 2

4 Greenhouse Gases Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases Principal greenhouse gases include: Carbon Dioxide represents more than 80% of total greenhouse gas emissions Methane Nitrous Oxide Fluorinated Gases Page 3

5 Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions/ Impacts of Greenhouse Gases Levels of global greenhouse gases are increasing rapidly in the atmosphere: Global emissions increased 5.9% in 2010 compared to 2009; largest increase in emissions in any year since Industrial Revolution Combustion of coal made up more than half of growth in emissions Source: New York Times and Global Carbon Project Greenhouse gas effects on the environment: Contributes to an increase in average temperature of the earth Rising temperatures may cause changes in weather, sea levels, and land use patterns Source: Department of Energy Page 4

6 Kyoto Protocol International agreement signed by more than 150 nations in December 1997 that sets binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions U.S. did not ratify the agreement because of the objection to difference of goals set for developed and developing countries Page 5

7 U.S. Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program Environmental Protection Agency: October 2009: Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Reporting Rule Requires annual reporting of greenhouse gas data from large sources and suppliers (defined as facilities emitting 25,000 tons or more of carbon dioxide per year) 2010: First year of required reporting of greenhouse gas data Data reported from 9 industry groups and over 6,700 facilities Power plants were the largest emitters (2,324 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (mmtco2e), followed by petroleum refineries (183 mmtco2e) Texas has 673 facilities reporting to EPA, more than any other State; followed by CA with 456 facilities Luminant Martin Lake emits 14.7 mmtco2e and is the 4 th largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the country Source: Environmental Protection Agency and National Public Radio Page 6

8 Texas and Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Texas are the highest in the nation 2009 Data from Energy Information Association: Texas s greenhouse gas emissions = 606 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (mmtco2e) followed by California s 376 mmtco2e Page 7

9 Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Texas by Sector Electric Power 36.04% Residential 1.92% Commerical 1.84% Industrial 28.90% Transportation 31.28% Source: Energy Information Association Page 8

10 U.S. Conference of Mayor s Climate Change Agreement 2006: Mayor of Dallas signed the U.S. Conference of Mayors Climate Protection Agreement Commitment by mayors around the country to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 7% below 1990 levels by the year Page 9

11 Meeting the U.S. Conference of Mayor s Climate Change Agreement 2005 Baseline Inventory Greenhouse Gas of City and Community- Wide Sources: First year City had comprehensive data for analysis Projected back to 1990 levels Showed City was on track to meet the agreement for City sources 2010 Baseline Greenhouse Gas of City and Community-Wide Sources: 2 nd inventory conducted City surpasses goal of Mayor s Climate Change Agreement: 33% decrease in total City greenhouse gas emissions in 2010 when compared to 1990 Page 10

12 City vs. Community Wide Emissions City: Emissions from City Operations Calculations From: Electricity Usage (City Buildings, Water Utilities, and Street Lights) Natural Gas (Heating of City Buildings) Mobile Sources (Fleet and Equipment) Community: Community-Wide Emission Sources within Dallas City Limits Calculations From: Electricity Usage (Residential and Commercial) Natural Gas (Consumption from Residential, Commercial, and Industrial) Fuel Oils Transportation (Vehicles Miles Traveled, Fuel, and Speed) DART (Public Transit Data) Solid Waste (Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Landfill) Page 11

13 Results of 2010 Greenhouse Gas Inventory: Emissions from City Operations City Operations:2010 GHG Emissions Source Metric Tons/Year Electricity - Public Facilities 116,370 Electricity - Water Utilities 136,418 Electricity - Street Lights 29,891 Natural Gas * 14,888 Mobile Sources ** 104,993 City Operations Total 402,560 *Used for Heating of City Facilities ** Includes fleet and equipment Page 12

14 Results of 2010 Greenhouse Gas Inventory: Emissions from Community Sources Community-Wide Emissions: 2010 GHG Emissions Source Metric Tons/Year Electricity 10,714,678 Natural Gas 1,961,833 Fuel Oils 181,092 Transportation 3,939,248 DART - Public Transit 99,579 Solid Waste 332,957 Community-Wide Total 17,229,388 *Heating **Based on Vehicle Miles Traveled ***From Methane and CO 2 Emissions Page 13

15 Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from City Operations: 2005 and , , , , ,000 CO2 Emissions (Metric Tons) 250, , , ,000 50,000 0 Electricity - Public Facilities Electricity - Water Utilities Electricity - Street Lights Natural Gas Mobile Sources City Operations: GHG Emissions 2005 (Metric Tons/Year) City Operations: GHG Emissions 2010 (Metric Tons/Year) CO2 Emissions (Metric Tons) 500, , , , , City Operations Total GHG Emissions 402, City Operations Total GHG Emissions 2005 City Operations Total GHG Emissions 2010 City Operations Total GHG Emissions *Natural Gas: Heating Page 14

16 Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from City Operations: 2005 and % decrease in total City greenhouse gas emissions in 2010 when compared to 2005 Emissions from electricity consumption are significantly lower in 2010 when compared to 2005 Decrease is result of City s 40% renewable energy purchase Page 15

17 Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Community Operations: 2005 and 2010 CO 2 Emissions (Metric Tons) 350, , , , , ,000 50,000 Community Wide Emissions: GHG Emissions 2005 Community Wide Emissions: GHG Emissions 2010 CO2 Emissions (Metric Tons) 20,000,000 18,000,000 16,000,000 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 Community Wide Emissions: GHG Emissions 2005 Community Wide Emissions: GHG Emissions Fuel Oils DART Solid Waste 0 Electricity Nat. Gas Transp *Natural Gas: Heating Page 16

18 Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Community: 2005 and ,000,000 18,000,000 16,000,000 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000, , 450, , 229, 388 Community Wide Total Community Wide Emissions: GHG Emissions 2005 (metric tons/year) Community Wide Emissions: GHG Emissions 2010 (metric tons/year) Page 17

19 Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Community Operations: 2005 and % decrease in total community greenhouse gas emissions is due in part to: 11% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation Increased use of renewable energy sources and energy efficient appliances (e.g. energy star) have helped reduce emissions 3% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions from transportation sector Technological improvements to vehicles (hybrids) and land use planning have contributed to decrease Page 18

20 Forecasting Future Emissions Projected City and Community Level Emissions with Actual Estimates for Years 1990, 2005 and Note: Numbers in red font indicate community emissions, and purple font indicates City emissions. Page 19

21 Forecasting Future Greenhouse Gas Emissions Projected City emissions: Based on expected growth rates such as facility growth projections provided by City Departments City s continued investment in renewable energy is key to achieving lower emission rates in future for City sources City s future green building policies are included in projections for Community greenhouse gas levels Increase in Community emissions based on projected population growth and current levels of Vehicle Miles Traveled Page 20

22 New City Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target Options To date, City has achieved a 33% reduction from 1990 levels Options for new goal by 2020: Maintain the 33% reduction from 1990 levels for City Operations Continue current initiatives - no additional funding Set a new reduction goal for City emissions at 35% below 1990 levels Take advantage of new energy conservation initiatives as they arise. Currently, staff is investigating solar panels on City facilities, solar farms, energy efficiency/hvac retrofits, and LED lighting retrofits. Funding Options: energy bonds, performance contracting and next bond program Set the reduction goal to be 80% which could be achieved by buying 100% renewable electric energy (Additional Cost: $1.5 million annually) Examples of Other Cities Goals: Chicago: 25% below 1990 levels by 2020 Los Angeles: 35% below 1990 levels by 2030 New York: 30% below 2005 levels by 2030 Denver: 25% below 1990 by 2020 Page 21

23 Current City of Dallas Initiatives for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Alternative Fuels: 35% of the City s fleet is running on biodiesel, natural gas, or is a hybrid. Idling Ordinance: City Ordinance prohibiting vehicles with a gross weight over 14,000 pounds to idle for more than 5 minutes. Renewable Energy: 40% of the City s power comes from renewable energy, primarily wind power. City is among top purchasers for green energy on EPA s Top 20 Local Government Partner List ; should continue to purchase at this rate in order to meet greenhouse gas reduction goals Page 22

24 Current City of Dallas Initiatives for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Green Buildings: All City facilities over 10,000 square feet must be designed and built to meet the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) silver standards Dallas is among the first major cities in the U.S. to adopt a comprehensive green building standard for all new residential and commercial construction Converting Water Biogas Into Electricity: In January 2011, Dallas Water Utilities began operating a Cogeneration Facility to burn methane produced during water treatment process for production of electricity. Facility expected to produce 30 million kwh/yr of renewable energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 40,000 tons/yr Page 23

25 Current City of Dallas Initiatives for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Lighting Retrofits: Since 2007, light bulbs and lamps in City buildings have been replaced with more efficient bulbs. In FY , contractors removed older, high voltage lighting in the City Hall garage and replaced them with energy-efficient LED fixtures. This retrofit will result in a 60% reduction in annual energy consumption and 1.7 million kwh electricity savings. Managing Disposal and Reducing Waste Programs: Sanitation services department programs including residential recycling, education, landfill reuse, and gas production and other waste diversion and reduction programs are decreasing the volume of waste added to McCommas Bluff Landfill each year. Page 24

26 Future City Initiatives to Lower Community- Wide Emissions Green Building Ordinance: 2 nd Phase Adopt International Green Construction Code Continued investment in land use/transportation policies set out in forwarddallas! Development around DART stations Job creation close to where people live, particularly S. Sector Multimodal transportation Continue public/private partnerships for installation of more electric vehicle charging stations Continue to work with North Central Texas Council of Governments and other regional groups on strategies to reduce VMT from vehicles Page 25

27 Next Steps Publish 2010 baseline year greenhouse gas inventory for City and Community-wide sources on Green Dallas website Set new City Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target Develop and implement a Sustainability Plan that includes inventories, targets, timelines, and mitigation techniques for Citywide and Community-wide operations Conduct another greenhouse gas inventory for baseline year 2015 by 2016 Page 26

28 Questions? Page 27