APPENDIX S Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessment Report

Transcription

1 APPENDIX S Report 21/18113/ Orange Resource Recovery and Waste Management Project Environmental Assessment APPENDIX S

2 Orange City Council Orange Resource Recovery and Waste Management Project Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessment September 2009

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4 Contents Abbreviations Executive Summary i ii 1. Introduction Background Greenhouse Gas Assessment Scope Methodology 3 2. Greenhouse Gas Assessment Boundary of the Assessment Data Collection and Calculation Procedures Exclusions and Assumptions 9 3. Greenhouse Assessment Results Analysis Landfill Gas Emissions Scope 1 and Scope 2 Emissions Greenhouse Emissions Results Summary Assessment of Impacts on the Environment Mitigation Measures Disclaimer 16 Table Index Table 2-1 Table 2-2 Construction energy use and greenhouse gas emissions assumptions 9 Operation energy use and greenhouse gas emissions assumptions 9 Table 3-1 Construction Scope 1 & Scope 2 Emissions 13 Table 3-2 Operations Scope 1 & Scope 2 Emissions 13 Table 3-3 Greenhouse assessment summary 14 Figure Index Figure 1-1 Estimated project waste flows 2 Figure 2-1 Life Cycle stages for the project 7

5 Figure 3-1 Estimated landfill gas emissions with gas management system 12 Appendices A Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory

6 Abbreviations AWT C&D C&I Council CO 2-e DCC DGR EF GHG J kl km kwh MRF MSW NGA RRC t VENM y Alternative waste technology Construction and demolition Commercial and industrial Orange City Council, the proponent Carbon dioxide equivalent emissions (emissions of other greenhouse gases are multiplied by their GWP so that their effects can be compared to emissions of carbon dioxide) Commonwealth Department of Climate Change Director General s Requirements Emission Factor Greenhouse Gas Joule kilolitre kilometre kilowatt hour Materials recovery facility Municipal solid waste National Greenhouse Accounts Resource recovery centre tonne Virgin excavated natural material year i

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8 Executive Summary Methodology A greenhouse gas assessment of the Orange City Resource Recovery and Waste Management Project was conducted in accordance with the general principles of: The Greenhouse Gas Protocol, A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard developed by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development; and The Commonwealth Department of Climate Change (DCC) National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) Factors, 2008). The assessment included scope 1 and 2 emissions from both construction and operation of the facility, including: Emissions from fuel use associated with site preparation and construction at both the Ophir Road Site and Euchareena Road Site; Diesel usage by mobile equipment during operation at the relocated materials recovery facility, baling plant and compost plant; Diesel usage for waste transport / transfer between the Ophir Road Resource Recovery Centre and Euchareena Road Resource Recovery Centre, delivery of biosolids sourced from the Orange Sewage Treatment Plant and offsite transport of finished compost products; Diesel usage for landfill operations and for transfer of compost residuals to the landfill; Electricity use during construction and operation; Emissions from fixed equipment; and Landfill gas emissions from the Euchareena Road RRC landfill. Results The total Scope 1 and 2 emissions during construction amount to 830 t CO 2 -e or 20 t CO 2 -e per annum assuming a design life of 40 years. Total annual emissions during operation amounts to 19,250 t CO 2 -e. The estimated annual emissions from the project is 19,265 t CO 2 -e (assuming a design life of 40 years). The total annual NSW emissions for 2007 was Mt CO 2 -e. Hence, the estimated annual Scope 1 and 2 emissions from the project would equate to approximately 0.01 % of the state s total emissions. ii

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10 1. Introduction 1.1 Background Orange City Council is proposing an integrated plan for improved resource recovery and residual waste management with new operations at two separate sites (referred to as the project ). The sites are: The existing Ophir Road Resource Recovery Centre (RRC); and The proposed Euchareena Road Resource Recovery Centre (RRC). The project would also involve five new activities: 1. New residential organic waste collection service The new kerbside collection service would be provided to all households in Orange, Spring Hill and Lucknow to capture domestic food and garden organics in a single special purpose mobile garbage bin. 2. Processing of food/garden organics at the Euchareena Road RRC Food and garden wastes would be delivered direct to the Euchareena Road RRC and composted using a new Alternative Waste Technology (AWT) facility to produce high grade compost for use in local farms and gardens. Food waste generated by business operators would also be diverted to the AWT for composting in combination with the residential organic stream. 3. Recovery of dry recyclable materials at the Ophir Road RRC The existing kerbside recycling system would be maintained and improved to recover more recyclable materials from residential ratepayers and make kerbside recycling available to small businesses. Recyclables would be sorted at a new materials recovery facility (MRF) to be constructed within the Ophir Road RRC. Streamed recyclable commercial and industrial (C&I) and construction and demolition (C&D) materials would be stored according to material type pending aggregation of sufficient quantities for efficient transport to markets. 4. Baling of mixed residual waste at the Ophir Road RRC Mixed residual domestic waste (with most of the food and garden organics removed) would be delivered to a new facility at the Ophir Road RRC for consolidation and primary sorting/recovery of gross recyclable materials. The primary-sorted waste would then be compacted and baled for transport to the Euchareena Road RRC and safe disposal. Mixed dry residual C&I and C&D waste from which no further value can be efficiently gained would be loaded into skips for transport to the Euchareena Road RRC and safe disposal. 5. Disposal of mixed residual waste at Euchareena Road RRC The baled mixed residual waste would be transported to the Euchareena Road RRC for disposal in a specially designed landfill. Wastes loaded into skips, and other wastes unsuited to baling, would be separately transported to the Euchareena Road RRC for landfill disposal. The estimated waste flows associated with the project are shown in Figure

11 Figure 1-1 Estimated project waste flows 2

12 1.2 Greenhouse Gas Assessment Scope The scope and methodology for conducting the assessment has been based on the Director-General s Requirements (DGR) of April 14, The DGRs only required assessment of scope 1 and 2 emissions. Scope 3 emissions were excluded. The purpose of the greenhouse assessment is to calculate the (scope 1 and 2) emissions of the greenhouse gases associated with the project and qualitatively assess the potential impacts of these emissions on the environment. In order to obtain a comprehensive estimate, emission sources were considered associated with: Emissions from fuel use associated with site preparation and construction at both the Ophir Road RRC and Euchareena Road RRC; Diesel usage by mobile equipment during operation at the relocated MRF, the baling plant and the compost plant; Diesel usage for waste transport / transfer between the Ophir Road RRC and Euchareena Road RRC, delivery of biosolids sourced from the Orange Sewage Treatment Plant and offsite transport of finished compost products; Diesel usage for landfill operations and for transfer of compost residuals to the landfill; Electricity use during construction and operation; Emissions from fixed equipment; Emissions from composting process; and Landfill gas emissions from the Euchareena Road RRC landfill. The emissions from these sources were then aggregated into a single greenhouse gas emissions inventory for the project. 1.3 Methodology The greenhouse assessment was prepared in accordance with the general principles of: The recognised international standard The Greenhouse Gas Protocol, A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard developed by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (GHG Protocol); The Commonwealth Department of Climate Change (DCC) National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) Factors, November 2008; and The DCC National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting System Guidelines (July 2008 and as amended 2009). These are considered to represent best practice in Australian greenhouse gas accounting Emission Scopes Emissions are separated into scopes 1, 2 and 3, in accordance with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol for the project. However, only scope 1 and 2 emissions have been considered in the assessment, in accordance with the DGRs for the project. These scopes are defined as follows: 3

13 Scope 1: Direct greenhouse gas emissions from sources falling within the operational boundary of the assessment, from sources that are owned and/or operated by the organisation in question. Scope 1 emissions include direct carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of stationary or transportation fuels (natural gas, coal, petrol and diesel) in boilers, furnaces, vehicles etc, and fugitive emissions of greenhouse gases from chemical processes, such as wastewater treatment and some product manufacturing. Scope 2: Indirect greenhouse gas emissions associated with purchased electricity, heat or steam. These emissions physically occur at the facility where the electricity, heat or steam is generated. Scope 3: All other indirect greenhouse gas emissions associated with the activities considered in the assessment. These emissions occur from sources not owned or controlled by the company. Scope 3 emissions include those associated with production of purchased materials, transport and contractor owned vehicles, waste disposal, product usage and the extraction and processing of fuels. 4

14 2. Greenhouse Gas Assessment 2.1 Boundary of the Assessment Life cycle stages for the product The life cycle stages for the project are: Raw materials products, energy and materials required to produce the construction materials and incoming waste etc; Delivery of raw materials such as concrete, reinforcement steel etc; Collection and delivery of waste direct to each site during operation; Waste baling and composting use of utilities such as electricity, fuels, refrigerants, the generation of waste including solid waste and recycling, and wastewater; Transportation of recyclable materials and/or compost to points of sale; Transportation (transfer) of baled and non-baled waste from Ophir Road RRC and placement and compaction at the Euchareena Road RRC landfill; Transportation, placement and compaction of residual wastes from the composting facility; Emissions from landfill; Emissions from composting; and Usage emissions associated with use of process by-products such as recyclables and compost. These life cycle stages are illustrated in Figure 2-1. The construction, operation, transfer transportation and waste disposal are the only applicable life cycle stages for this assessment, since only scope 1 and 2 emissions need to be considered. System boundaries and geographic limitations The system boundary is the inputs and outputs of each of the identified life cycle stages, including transportation. The assessment covers emissions generated from fuel use associated with site preparation and construction and operation and emissions from fixed equipment. It does not include: Products, energy and materials required to produce construction or raw materials these are considered Scope 3 emissions; Delivery of construction or raw materials to the site this is considered a Scope 3 emission; Kerbside collection of waste and delivery of waste direct to the Ophir Road RRC and Euchareena Road RRC as this would be undertaken by non-council vehicles (i.e. contractors, residents or local businesses), this is considered a Scope 3 emission; Emissions from further processing of process products, compost materials or recyclables this is considered a Scope 3 emission; 5

15 The end of life impacts of process products used as a raw material for the manufacture of other byproducts such as recyclable materials extracted from the incoming waste, land application of compost products this is considered a Scope 3 emission; and Emissions associated with refrigerant leakages from office air conditioning. These are negligible compared to emissions from other sources. 6

16 Figure 2-1 Life Cycle stages for the project Raw materials & transportation Construction Operation Product distribution Emissions associated with the inputs, outputs and energy use of raw material production and transportation to the Ophir Road RRC and Euchareena Road RRC. Construction Raw Materials: Steel; Concrete; Water; Timber; Etc Operation Raw Materials and Waste: Emissions associated with the construction of the baling plant, compost plant and landfill. Construction equipment: Fuel use; Electricity for site offices. Emissions associated with the inputs, outputs and energy usage at the Ophir Road RRC and Euchareena Road RRC. Electricity for operation Mobile equipment Landfill gas emissions Compost emissions Transfer of biosolids to the Euchareena Road RRC (from the Orange Sewage Treatment Plant) Transfer of bales and non-baled waste from the Ophir Road RRC to the Euchareena Road RRC Emissions associated with the transportation of process products to the point of sale. Fuel consumption for transport of compost to market Fuel consumption for transport of recyclables extracted at the Ophir Road RRC baling building Product usage Diesel (processing and use of compost and recyclable materials) Land application of compost Waste; Baling materials (plastic, straps etc) Comingled landfill waste (not including process residual waste) Recycled materials (glass, paper, steel, aluminium etc) Refrigerant leakages Office and support services, including fuel usage and resource consumption. Disposal Transportation of compost residual waste to landfill Operation of the landfill Transport of leachate from the Euchareena Road RRC to the Orange Sewage Treatment Plant Note: Items printed in BLUE are excluded from the assessment. Details of exclusions are included in Section

17 2.1.2 Aspects of energy use considered The following aspects of energy use have been considered: Energy required for construction of the project - from fuel use of construction equipment and electricity for site offices; and Energy required for operation of the project including electricity and diesel, as well as fuel use for transfer of baled and non-baled waste from Ophir Road RRC to Euchareena Road RRC, transfer of biosolids from the Orange Sewage Treatment Plant to the Euchareena Road RRC, transport of compost products to market and transport of leachate from the Euchareena Road RRC to the Orange Sewage Treatment Plant Greenhouse gases considered The greenhouse gases considered in this assessment are: Carbon dioxide; Nitrous oxides; and Methane. Council would not use, store or generate any perfluorocarbons or sulphur hexafluoride, and would use only negligible quantities of hydrofluorocarbons for refrigeration. These gases have therefore been excluded. 2.2 Data Collection and Calculation Procedures Emission factors that are used in the greenhouse footprint calculations are outlined in Appendix A. Where possible, factors have been sourced from the National Greenhouse Accounts (NGA) Factors, November If factors have been sourced elsewhere then source references have been provided in Table 2-1 and Table 2-2 below. Wherever possible, estimates with high accuracy were used to calculate greenhouse gas emissions. For example, electricity consumption estimates can be multiplied by the NGA emission factors to calculate greenhouse gas emissions with a high degree of accuracy. When data is unavailable, assumptions and approximations were made in order to obtain a reasonable estimate. For example, fuel consumption for construction equipment was not readily available, and these were estimated based on the best available information from manufacturer s specifications. Recognised standards, such as the World Business Council Greenhouse Gas Protocol, were used to assist in these estimations whenever appropriate. All energy consumption and emissions data has been converted into quantities of carbon dioxide equivalents, as shown in Appendix A. The emission values have been summed to reach an estimate of the total greenhouse gas emissions over the project lifecycle. Modelling of landfill gas generation at the Euchareena Road Site was undertaken in accordance with the Australian Government s Department of Climate Change s National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting System Guidelines (July 2008 and as amended 2009). The composition of the waste stream landfilled at the site was determined considering the projected waste quantities, the diversion of significant quantities of organic waste for composting and the acceptance of regional waste. 8

18 2.3 Exclusions and Assumptions Exclusions The life cycle stages, emissions sources and energy consumption that have been omitted from the study are identified below: Emissions associated with decommissioning of the facilities, including the end of life disposal and vehicles and machinery required for decommissioning. Emissions associated with decommissioning of processing facilities are typically a very small proportion of the annual operating emissions. Furthermore, once total lifetime emissions are annualised, decommissioning typically accounts for less than 1% of the total emissions. Emissions associated with support services for the facility including offsite office activities, marketing and promotional materials, staff business travel and/or visitors travelling to and from the site by any means of transport; and Fugitive emissions of refrigerants from refrigeration and air conditioning systems. The materiality of the omitted emission sources is difficult to accurately establish. However, these emissions are unlikely to be significant compared to the major emission sources, such as electricity consumption. The discrepancies in the total emissions inventory due to the exclusions and limitations of the assessment are therefore anticipated to be non-material. In addition, emissions associated with ongoing activities at the Ophir Road RRC not directly associated with the project (such as operation of the Ophir Road landfill, public waste transfer station and receival centre, the resource recovery shop, contractor facilities including the truck garage, maintenance shed and office and other acceptance / processing of materials that would continue as they currently do) have also been excluded from the assessment. It should be noted that even though the materials recovery facility operation is an existing operation that would continue as usual but in a new building, the relocation would not be undertaken if the project were not being implemented. Hence, emissions associated with construction of the new materials recovery facility building, relocation of the equipment to the new building and operation of the materials recovery facility in the new building have been included in the scope of this assessment Assumptions Assumptions used in estimating the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for the construction of the project are listed in Table 2-1. Table 2-1 Parameter Construction energy use and greenhouse gas emissions assumptions Data Source and Assumptions Diesel used in construction equipment Construction equipment types and durations of use were estimated. Diesel consumption was estimated based on equipment type and assumed specifications from manufacturers websites as 282 kl over the construction period. This includes construction of each cell of the landfill (8 cells in total). Diesel is assumed to have an energy density of 38.6 GJ/kL and emissions 9

19 Parameter Electricity for site offices Data Source and Assumptions factor both from Table 4 of the DCC NGA Factors publication (2008) for fuel combustion emission factors fuels used for transport energy purposes. Quantity estimated based on typical site shed use as 75.9 MWh over the construction period. Emission Factor from Table 5 of the DCC NGA Factors publication (2008) for NSW (Scope 2). Assumptions used in estimating the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions during operation are listed in Table 2-2. Table 2-2 Parameter Operation energy use and greenhouse gas emissions assumptions Data Source and Assumptions Electricity use Diesel use in mobile equipment Diesel for transport / transfer of waste Landfill operation and transfer of compost residuals Quantity of electricity consumed by the relocated MRF, baling plant, compost facility and amenities buildings during operation estimated based on the existing Ophir Road MRF electricity and similar baling and composting plants in NSW to be 1,590 MWh/y. Emission Factor from Table 5 of the DCC NGA Factors publication (2008) for NSW (Scope 2). Quantity of diesel consumption from mobile equipment in the relocated MRF, baling plant and compost facility estimated to be 27 kl/y, based on the existing Ophir Road MRF mobile plant fuel consumption and similar baling and composting plants in NSW. Diesel energy density is 38.6 GJ/kL (Table 4 NGA). Emissions factor from Table 4 NGA. Fuel use for transportation / transfer of baled and non-baled waste between Ophir Road RRC and Euchareena Road RRC, plus transport of biosolids and compost product to market is estimated to be 82 kl/y. Fuel consumption estimates for fully loaded and empty trips were taken from Volvo Truck Corporation (2008) Emissions from Volvo s Trucks to be 0.3 L/km and 0.4 L/km for leachate tanker, biosolids delivery truck and compost trucks (empty and fully loaded trips respectively). For transfer vehicles for mixed (mostly C&D) waste, baled and non-baled waste fuel consumption factors of 0.32 L/km and 0.53 L/km were used (for empty and fully loaded trips respectively). Diesel energy density is 38.6 GJ/kL (Table 4 NGA). Emissions factor from Table 4 NGA. Fuel use for landfill operation and transfer of compost residuals to landfill was estimated to be 29 kl/y. Diesel energy density is 38.6 GJ/kL (Table 4 NGA). Emissions factor from Table 4 NGA. 10

20 Parameter Landfill emissions Compost emissions Data Source and Assumptions 50% capture and treatment of landfill gas. Default DCC waste mix composition amended to reflect waste flows associated with the project as shown in Figure 1-1. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions factors from section 4.2 NGA. 11

21 3. Greenhouse Assessment Results Analysis 3.1 Landfill Gas Emissions The estimated landfill gas emissions from the proposed landfill, allowing for 50% capture and treatment of landfill gas from an appropriate landfill gas management system, are shown in Figure 3-1. It should be noted that the landfill methane emissions are significantly less than the proposed threshold for participation in the Australian Government s proposed Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (25,000 tonnes of CO 2 -e / year) , , Projected Landfilling CH4 Emissions (m3/hr) CH4 Emissions (tonnes CO2-e / yr) 40,000 Methane Emissions (m 3 /hr) ,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 Methane Emissions (tonnes CO 2 -e/yr) 50 Total Cum. Emissions = 0.57 million tonnes CO2-e 5, Figure 3-1 Estimated landfill gas emissions with gas management system 3.2 Scope 1 and Scope 2 Emissions The scope 1 and scope 2 emissions associated with the construction of the project are listed in Table

22 Table 3-1 Construction Scope 1 & Scope 2 Emissions Emissions Source Quantity Consumed Scope 1 Emissions (t CO 2-e) Scope 2 Emissions (t CO 2-e) Diesel use in construction vehicles 282 kl Electricity for site sheds/amenities 75.9 MWh - 68 Subtotal* Total construction scope 1 and 2 emissions (t CO 2-e) 829 *Note: Figures in table may not sum exactly to total value due to rounding. The scope 1 and scope 2 emissions associated with the operation of the project are listed in Table 3-2. Table 3-2 Operations Scope 1 & Scope 2 Emissions Emissions Source Quantity Consumed Annually Scope 1 Emissions (t CO 2-e/y) Scope 2 Emissions (t CO 2-e/y) Diesel use in mobile equipment 27 kl 72 - Diesel for transport / transfer of waste 82 kl Landfill operation and transfer of compost residuals 29 kl 77 - Landfill emissions 14,250 - Compost emissions 3,208 Electricity for operations 1,590 MWh - 1,415 Subtotal* 17,829 1,415 Total operations scope 1 and 2 emissions (t CO 2-e) 19,244 *Note: Figures in table may not sum exactly to total value due to rounding. 3.3 Greenhouse Emissions Results Summary The results from the greenhouse assessment are summarised in Table 3-3 below. The total Scope 1 and 2 emissions during construction amount to 829 t CO 2 -e or 21 t CO 2 -e per annum assuming a design life of 40 years. Total annual emissions during operation amounts to 19,244 t CO 2 -e. The estimated annual emissions from the project is 19,265 t CO 2 -e (assuming a design life of 40 years). 13

23 Table 3-3 Greenhouse assessment summary Greenhouse indicator Note Value Units Net annual emissions Scope 1 Scope 2 Total 1 17,848 1,417 19,265 t CO 2-e/y t CO 2-e/y t CO 2-e/y Greenhouse Intensity of the project (Scopes 1, 2) t CO 2-e/t MSW Total annual NSW emissions Mt CO 2-e/y Notes: 1. See Section for definitions of reporting scopes. A detailed emissions inventory can be found in Appendix A 2. Greenhouse intensity based on annual Scope 1 and 2 emissions (excluding annualised decommissioning emissions) 3. Total annual NSW emissions based on DCC (2009) State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2007 Greenhouse Intensity The emissions intensity for construction and operation of the project is 0.29 t CO 2 -e/ t waste processed, including scope 1 and scope 2 emissions considered in the assessment. Comparative figures for similar plants (with MRF, baling, composting and landfill) are not available. 3.4 Assessment of Impacts on the Environment Considering scope 1 and 2 emissions, the project is expected to generate 19,265 t CO 2 -e of greenhouse gas emissions. The total annual NSW emissions for 2007 was Mt CO 2 -e. Hence, the estimated annual Scope 1 and 2 emissions from the project would equate to approximately 0.01% of the state s total emissions. Implementation of the project would result in diversion of a significant quantity of waste, including organic waste, from the landfill, which would otherwise have contributed to landfill gas generation. 3.5 Mitigation Measures The most significant contribution of greenhouse gas emissions from the project would come from the degradation of waste in landfill (approximately 74% of operational emissions). Despite this, the level of landfill gas generation is relatively low and not sufficient for commercially viable recovery and energy (electricity) generation. However, it is proposed that an appropriate landfill gas management system would be developed during the detailed design phase of the project, which would most likely involve a passive landfill gas drainage and flaring system. This would help significantly reduce the emissions from the landfill and therefore the overall emissions from the project. During operation the project would consume approximately 1.6 GWh of electricity annually (across both sites). During detailed design of the baling plant, new MRF building and compost facility, it may be possible to integrate additional energy efficiency measures to reduce consumption of electricity. For example: Wide-panel skylights would be considered for installation on the roof of the baling building to maximise use of natural lighting; 14

24 A variety of efficient lighting alternatives, including fluorescent lamp options would be considered; Where feasible and cost-effective, energy efficient lamp and lighting control technologies would be considered in amenities blocks; The gatehouse and amenities block would require air-conditioning / heating and components to be installed outside the building would be located in shady areas, or provided with artificial shading to improve efficiency with which heat is rejected from the building; and Passive cooling arrangements would be used for the baling building and compost facility in order reduce overall heat load rather than installation of an air conditioning system. In addition, during the detailed design stage of the project, where possible, energy efficiency would be considered in the selection of equipment. 15

25 4. Disclaimer This report has been prepared at the request of Orange City Council and is for the sole purpose of evaluating the scope 1 and scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions associated with the construction activities and operation of the project for the Environmental Assessment. This report is not for use by any related or third party or for any other project. The information and recommendations are to be read and considered as a whole and the content is not to be used selectively as this may misrepresent the content of the report and provide erroneous project or decision outcomes. The recommendation, opinions, assessments, analyses and summaries presented in this report are based on preliminary design information, data, assumptions and advice provided by Orange City Council. This information may not reflect the final design and construction and operational activities and where assumptions are identified and recommendations made these need to be verified and tested. 16

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27 Appendix A Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory

28 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Calculator Summary Construction Value Units Scope 1 Emission Factor Scope 2 Emission Factor Total Emission Factor Units Source Method Scope 1 Emissions Scope 2 Emissions Total Emissions Proportion of Construction Inventory (Q) (EF) (EF) (EF) (t CO2-e) (t CO2-e) (t CO2-e) % Diesel use in construction vehicles 282 kl kg CO2-e/kL NGA Factors November 2008 Q x EF / % Electricity for site sheds 75,902 kwh kg CO2-e/kWh NGA Factors November 2008 Q x EF / % Total Construction Emissions Operation Value Units Scope 1 Emission Factor Scope 2 Emission Factor Total Emission Factor Units Source Method Scope 1 Emissions Scope 2 Emissions Emissions Proportion of Operation Inventory (Q) (per year) (EF) (EF) (EF) (t CO2-e) (t CO2-e) (t CO2-e/y) % Diesel in mobile equipment 27 kl kg CO2-e/kL NGA Factors November 2008 Q x EF / % Diesel for transport / transfer 82 kl kg CO2-e/kL NGA Factors November 2008 Q x EF / % Residual waste placement & compaction 29 kl kg CO2-e/kL NGA Factors November 2008 Q x EF / % Landfill emissions GHD LFG Calculator 14,250 14, % Compost emissions 18,870 t 0.17 t CO2-e/t NGA Factors November 2008 Q x EF 3,208 3, % Electricity consumed 1,589,757 kwh kg CO2-e/kWh NGA Factors November 2008 Q x EF / ,415 1, % Total Operational Emissions 17,829 1,415 19,244 Note: additional worksheets are not included in this Appendix, but can be supplied on request

29 GHD 10 Bond Street Sydney NSW T: F: E: sydmail@ghd.com.au GHD 2009 This document is and shall remain the property of GHD. The document may only be used for the purpose of for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the Terms of Engagement for the commission. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited. Document Status Rev No. Author Reviewer Approved for Issue Name Signature Name Signature Date 0 A Montgomery S Trahair D Gamble 18/06/09 1 A Montgomery D Gamble D Gamble 10/07/09 2 A Montgomery D Gamble D Gamble 19/08/09 3 A Montgomery D Gamble D Gamble 1/09/09