National greenhouse gas inventory data for the period

Transcription

1 UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL FCCC/SBI/2008/12 17 November 2008 Original: ENGLISH SUBSIDIARY BODY FOR IMPLEMENTATION Twenty-ninth session Poznan, 1 10 December 2008 Item 3 (a) of the provisional agenda National communications and greenhouse gas inventory data from Parties included in Annex I to the Convention Report on national greenhouse gas inventory data from Parties included in Annex I to the Convention for the period National greenhouse gas inventory data for the period Note by the secretariat * Summary In 2008, all 41 Parties included in Annex I to the Convention (Annex I Parties) submitted their national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory common reporting format tables, 28 of them by the deadline of 15 April; 40 Parties provided a national inventory report, 26 of them by the deadline. Between 1990 and 2006 total aggregate GHG emissions excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) for all Annex I Parties taken together decreased by 4.7 per cent; GHG emissions/removals including LULUCF decreased by 5.5 per cent. For Annex I Parties with economies in transition (Annex I EIT Parties), GHG emissions excluding LULUCF decreased by 37.0 per cent; GHG emissions including LULUCF decreased by 35.0 per cent. For Annex I non-eit Parties, GHG emissions excluding LULUCF increased by 9.9 per cent, and GHG emissions including LULUCF increased by 9.1 per cent. * This document was submitted after the due date owing to the need for internal consultations. GE

2 Page 2 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page I. INTRODUCTION A. Mandate B. Scope of the note C. Possible action by the Subsidiary Body for Implementation and the Conference of the Parties II. STATUS OF REPORTING A. Timeliness and completeness of submissions B. Recalculations III. OVERVIEW OF EMISSION TRENDS AND SOURCES IN ANNEX I PARTIES A. Total aggregate greenhouse gas emissions B. Greenhouse gas emissions by gas C. Greenhouse gas emissions by sector D. Comparison of emission estimates in 2007 and 2008 reports E. Emissions data for individual Annex I Parties

3 Page 3 I. Introduction A. Mandate 1. The Conference of the Parties (COP), by its decisions 9/CP.2, 3/CP.5 and 18/CP.8, requested that Parties included in Annex I to the Convention (Annex I Parties) submit national inventory data on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by sources and removals by sinks by 15 April each year. Under the UNFCCC Guidelines for the technical review of greenhouse gas inventories from Parties included in Annex I to the Convention adopted by the COP in decision 19/CP.8, the secretariat is requested 1 to prepare annually a report on GHG inventory data submitted by Annex I Parties for consideration by the COP and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI). B. Scope of the note 2. Information provided in this document is based on the national GHG inventories from Annex I Parties received by the secretariat by 15 September This document shows the status of reporting of GHG inventories by Annex I Parties in 2008 (chapter II), and provides a summary of the latest available data on GHG emissions and removals from Annex I Parties for the period (chapter III). 3. Data are provided for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), as well as for hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) taken together. Data are also provided for total 2 aggregate 3 GHG emissions, both including and excluding net GHG emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF). C. Possible action by the Subsidiary Body for Implementation and the Conference of the Parties 4. The SBI may wish to take note of the information contained in this document and seek further guidance from the COP, as appropriate. II. Status of reporting A. Timeliness and completeness of submissions 5. In accordance with the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories, 4 Annex I Parties are required to submit annually a national inventory report (NIR) and common reporting format (CRF) tables containing data from the base year up to two years before the year of submission, that is, from 1990 up to 2006 in the 2008 submission. 6. Table 1 presents the status of reporting of GHG inventory submissions for All 41 Annex I Parties provided CRF tables for all years from to 2006, but only 40 of them provided an NIR. Twenty-eight sets of CRF tables and 26 NIRs were received by the due date of 15 April. 1 FCCC/CP/2002/8, annex II, paragraphs 42 and The term total implies that emissions from sectors of the common reporting format are summed; the inclusion of land use, land-use change and forestry into the sum is indicated separately. 3 The term aggregate implies that GHG emissions/removals are calculated as a weighted sum of CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 ; the sum is made using the global warming potentials agreed under the Convention (1 for CO 2, 21 for CH 4, 310 for N 2 O, and specific values for individual HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 ). 4 Guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part I: UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories. 5 The Parties that may use a base year other than 1990, as stipulated in decisions 9/CP.2 and 11/CP.4, have also provided data for their respective base years. These Parties and their base years are Bulgaria (1988), Hungary (average of ), Poland (1988), Romania (1989) and Slovenia (1986).

4 Page 4 Table 1. Greenhouse gas inventory submissions from Annex I Parties in 2008 Party CRF submission date a Years reported Submission of NIR Australia 13 June Austria 15 April Belarus 14 May Belgium 15 April Bulgaria 15 April Canada 22 May Croatia 24 May Czech Republic 9 April Denmark 15 April Estonia 15 April European Community 15 April Finland 11 April France 10 April Germany 15 April Greece 7 April Hungary 14 April 2008 Average of , Iceland 28 April Ireland 11 April Italy 16 April Japan 16 May Latvia 15 April Liechtenstein 29 February Lithuania 11 April Luxembourg 23 April Monaco 7 May Netherlands 15 April New Zealand 14 April Norway 15 April Poland 15 April Portugal 15 April Romania 15 April Russian Federation 19 May Slovakia 15 April Slovenia 15 April Spain 16 April Sweden 14 April Switzerland 15 April Turkey 21 August Ukraine 21 May United Kingdom of Great Britain 15 April and Northern Ireland United States of America 10 April Abbreviations: CRF = common reporting format, NIR = national inventory report. a The date of submission of the NIR may be different. Dates after the submission deadline of 15 April 2008 are shown in italics; dates after 27 May 2008 (six weeks after the submission deadline) are shown in bold. 7. After the initial submissions, seven Parties sent a revised version of their CRF tables to include improvements made to the GHG estimates, and five Parties resubmitted their NIR. 8. As they did in 2007, all Parties used the CRF Reporter software for the submission of their inventories in Two Parties (Australia and Turkey) submitted their CRF tables more than six weeks late and three Parties (Australia, Luxembourg and Monaco) were more than six weeks late in submitting their NIR. At the time of preparation of this document, Turkey had not yet submitted its NIR. 10. Figure 1 displays the number of national inventory submissions from Annex I Parties since It shows an almost continuous increase in the number of submissions. Since 2006, all Annex I Parties have submitted their CRF tables annually.

5 Page 5 Figure 1. Greenhouse gas inventory submissions from Annex I Parties, Number of submissions a 40 a CRF by 15 April Total CRF received Total NIR received Abbreviations: CRF = common reporting format, NIR = national inventory report. a As at 15 September B. Recalculations 11. Parties conduct recalculations, when necessary, in order to improve the quality of emission estimates. Thirty-nine Parties performed recalculations in 2008 reflecting changes in activity data, emission factors and methodologies used. 12. Many Parties conducted recalculations for all GHGs and sectors, as well as for all years in order to ensure consistency in the time series. The impact of recalculation on GHG emissions in the base year varied widely (table 2). For total aggregate emissions excluding LULUCF, the change was less than 1 per cent for 28 Parties and more than 3 per cent for 3 Parties. For total aggregate GHG emissions including LULUCF, the change was less than 1 per cent for 17 Parties and more than 3 per cent for 13 Parties. For 2 Parties (Australia and Lithuania), the recalculations had no impact on the total of GHG emissions excluding LULUCF in the base year. III. Overview of emission trends and sources in Annex I Parties A. Total aggregate greenhouse gas emissions 13. From to 2006, the total aggregate GHG emissions excluding emissions/removals from LULUCF for all Annex I Parties decreased by 4.7 per cent, from 18,913.5 to 18,019.6 Tg 7 CO 2 equivalent (figures 2 and 3). Total aggregate emissions including LULUCF decreased by 5.5 per cent from 17,694.4 to 16,724.3 Tg CO 2 equivalent. Between 2000 and 2006, GHG emissions from Annex I Parties increased by 2.3 per cent (excluding LULUCF) and by 1.0 per cent (including LULUCF). From 2005 to 2006, emissions excluding LULUCF decreased by 0.1 per cent and emissions including LULUCF increased by 0.4 per cent. 6 Unless otherwise specified, base year data are used in totals instead of 1990 data (in accordance with decisions 9/CP.2 and 11/CP.4) for Bulgaria (1988), Hungary (average of ), Poland (1988), Romania (1989) and Slovenia (1986). 7 One teragram (Tg) equals one million tonnes.

6 Page 6 Table 2. Inventory recalculations by Annex I Parties in 2008 Impact on base year GHG emissions excluding LULUCF (%) Impact on base year GHG emissions including LULUCF (%) Recalculations Party conducted in 2008 Australia Less than ±0.001 Austria Belarus b Belgium Bulgaria Canada Croatia 3.09 a Czech Republic Denmark Estonia European Community Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania b 0.81 Luxembourg Monaco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United States of America Abbreviations: GHG = greenhouse gas, LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry. a Due to a technical error, there is a discrepancy in the values for the impact on the base year GHG emissions excluding LULUCF for Croatia presented in this report and in the relevant CRF table. b Recalculations had no impact on the total of GHG emissions excluding LULUCF in the base year. 14. For Annex I Parties with economies in transition (Annex I EIT Parties), total aggregate emissions excluding LULUCF decreased by 37.0 per cent, from 5,907.8 Tg CO 2 equivalent in 1990 to 3,723.8 Tg CO 2 equivalent in 2006; GHG emissions including LULUCF decreased by 35.0 per cent over the same period. Between 2000 and 2006, GHG emissions from these Parties increased by 7.4 per cent excluding LULUCF and by 5.2 per cent including LULUCF. From 2005 to 2006, emissions excluding LULUCF increased by 3.1 per cent and emissions including LULUCF by 6.5 per cent. 15. For the Annex I non-eit Parties, total aggregate emissions excluding LULUCF increased from 13,005.8 Tg CO 2 equivalent in 1990 to 14,295.8 Tg CO 2 equivalent in 2006, an increase of 9.9 per cent; the increase in GHG emissions including LULUCF was 9.1 per cent. Between 2000 and 2006, GHG emissions from these Parties excluding LULUCF increased by 1.0 per cent and emissions including

7 Page 7 LULUCF decreased by 0.2 per cent. From 2005 to 2006, the decrease was by 0.9 per cent excluding LULUCF and by 1.2 including LULUCF. Figure 2. Greenhouse gas emissions from Annex I Parties, 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2006 Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF 1 000s of Tg CO2 equivalent Annex I EIT Parties Annex I non-eit Parties All Annex I Parties Greenhouse gas emissions including LULUCF 1 000s of Tg CO2 equivalent Annex I EIT Parties Annex I non-eit Parties All Annex I Parties Abbreviations: EIT Parties = Parties with economies in transition, LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry. 16. The changes in total aggregate GHG emissions from 1990 to 2006 varied considerably among countries (figure 4). Latvia has the largest decrease in emissions: 56.1 per cent for emissions excluding LULUCF and per cent for emissions including LULUCF. On the other hand, Turkey had the greatest increase in emissions excluding LULUCF (95.1 per cent), and Sweden in emissions including LULUCF (110.6 per cent 8 ). 8 The notable increase in total GHG emissions including LULUCF for Sweden is mainly due to the recalculation of the base year estimate which led to an increase in the removals by LULUCF, coupled with the decrease in total GHG emissions excluding LULUCF from 2005 to In its communication to the secretariat of 23 September 2008, Sweden indicated that it has detected an error in the figures reported for the LULUCF sector in 2008 and that it intends to correct the error in future annual submissions.

8 Page 8 Figure 3. Changes in greenhouse gas emissions from Annex I Parties, Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF Change from 1990 level (%) 20 Annex I non-eit Parties All Annex I Parties Annex I EIT Parties Greenhouse gas emissions including LULUCF Change from 1990 level (%) Annex I non-eit Parties All Annex I Parties Annex I EIT Parties Abbreviations: EIT Parties = Parties with economies in transition, LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry. B. Greenhouse gas emissions by gas 17. Figure 5 illustrates the share of each GHG in total emissions excluding LULUCF for 1990 and For both years, CO 2 made the greatest contribution to total emissions (79.6 per cent in 1990 and 82.5 per cent in 2006). 18. Figure 5 also illustrates the changes in total emissions of each GHG from 1990 to Emissions of CO 2, CH 4 and N 2 O decreased whereas emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 taken together increased by 10.1 per cent. 19. From 2005 to 2006, CO 2 and N 2 O emissions decreased by 0.1 and 1.6 per cent, respectively, whereas CH 4 emissions increased by 0.7 per cent. Emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 taken together increased by 1.8 per cent.

9 Page 9 Figure 4. Changes in total aggregate emissions of individual Annex I Parties, Changes in GHG emissions excluding LULUCF (%) Turkey Spain Portugal Australia Greece New Zealand Ireland Iceland Canada Liechtenstein Austria United States Finland Italy Norw ay Japan Denmark Slovenia Luxembourg Sw itzerland Netherlands European Community France Croatia Belgium Sw eden Monaco United Kingdom Germany Czech Republic Poland Hungary Slovakia Russian Federation Belarus Romania Bulgaria Ukraine Lithuania Estonia Latvia

10 Page 10 Figure 4 (continued) Changes in GHG emissions including LULUCF (%) Sw eden Turkey Canada Spain New Zealand Portugal Greece Ireland Liechtenstein United States Austria Iceland Australia Japan Italy Sw itzerland Luxembourg Denmark Netherlands European Community Belgium France Finland Monaco Slovenia United Kingdom Croatia Germany Czech Republic Norw ay Russian Federation Poland Hungary Slovakia Belarus Bulgaria Ukraine Romania Estonia Lithuania Latvia Abbreviations: GHG = greenhouse gas, LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry.

11 Page 11 Figure 5. Greenhouse gas emissions from Annex I Parties by gas, 1990 and 2006 Greenhouse gas emissions 1 000s of Tg CO2 equivalent CO2 2 CH4 4 N2ON 2 O HFCs+PFCs+SF Change (%) CO2 2 CH4 4 N2O N 2 O HFCs+PFCs+SF C. Greenhouse gas emissions by sector 20. Figure 6 shows the trends in aggregate GHG emissions from Annex I Parties by sector. For all Annex I Parties taken together, emissions from all sectors decreased between 1990 and Net GHG removals by LULUCF increased by 6.2 per cent. 21. Between 2005 and 2006, emissions from the energy sector decreased by 0.3 per cent, and from agriculture by 0.1 per cent. Emissions from the industrial processes and waste sectors increased by 2.1 and 0.5 per cent, respectively. Net GHG removals by LULUCF decreased by 6.7 per cent. 22. Figure 7 illustrates the profile and trend of emissions within the energy sector from 1990 to The greatest increase occurred in transport (15.8 per cent); and the greatest decline occurred in fugitive emissions (16.3 per cent). Emissions from energy industries increased slightly, while emissions from manufacturing industries and construction, and from other sectors, decreased. 23. From 2005 to 2006, the greatest increase resulted from fugitive emissions (1.4 per cent) and the greatest decrease resulted from other sectors (3.9 per cent). Emissions from energy industries decreased by 0.3 per cent, while emissions from manufacturing industries and construction, and transport, increased (by 1.3 and 0.1 per cent, respectively).

12 Page 12 Figure 6. Greenhouse gas emissions/removals from Annex I Parties by sector, 1990 and 2006 a Greenhouse gas emissions/removals 1 000s of Tg CO2 equivalent Energy Industrial processes Agriculture Waste LULUCF Change (%) Energy Industrial processes Agriculture Waste LULUCF Abbreviation: LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry. a The sector solvent and other product use is not included in the figure because its contribution to total emissions is negligible. Emissions from this sector decreased by 16.0 per cent. 24. Increases over the period in emissions relating to fuels sold for use in international aviation and marine transportation are presented in figure 8. GHG emissions increased by 65.9 per cent for aviation and 18.4 per cent for marine transportation. 25. Emission from international bunkers also increased between 2005 and The increase was 3.7 per cent for aviation and 3.8 per cent for marine transportation. D. Comparison of emission estimates in 2007 and 2008 reports 26. In 2007 the secretariat published a document containing summary information on GHG emissions from Annex I Parties based on 2007 inventory submissions. 9 A comparison of the estimates for total aggregate GHG emissions reported in that document with those reported in this document, based on 2008 inventory submissions, is provided in table 3, together with explanations for the differences in estimates. 9 FCCC/SBI/2007/30.

13 Page 13 Figure 7. Greenhouse gas emissions from Annex I Parties in the energy sector, 1990 and 2006 Greenhouse gas emissions 1 000s of Tg CO2 equivalent Energy industries Manufacturing industries and construction Transport Other sectors Fugitive emissions Change (%) Energy industries Manufacturing industries and construction Transport Other sectors Fugitive emissions E. Emissions data for individual Annex I Parties 27. Detailed GHG data for Annex I Parties are presented in tables Total aggregate anthropogenic GHG emissions excluding and including emissions/removals from LULUCF are provided in tables 4 and 5; emissions of CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O (excluding and including emissions/removals from LULUCF) in tables 6 11; emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 taken together in table 12; and emissions/removals from LULUCF in tables Blank spaces in the tables denote that either data were not available or notation keys, such as not occurring (NO), not estimated (NE), not applicable (NA), included elsewhere (IE) or confidential (C), were used to report emissions data. Negative values mean removals; positive values mean emissions. 29. The changes in emissions from 1990 to 2006 were calculated using the exact (not rounded) values and they may differ from a ratio calculated with the rounded numbers provided in the tables.

14 Page 14 Figure 8. Greenhouse gas emissions from Annex I Parties from international bunker fuels, 1990 and 2006 Greenhouse gas emissions 1 000s of Tg CO2 equivalent Energy industries Manufacturing industries and construction Transport Other sectors Fugitive emissions Change (%) Aviation bunkers 18.4 Marine bunkers 30. Data are presented only for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and Detailed data for all years of the period , including disaggregated data by gas and by sector, can be found on the GHG data page 10 at the UNFCCC website. 10 <

15 Page 15 Table 3. Comparison of the 2008 and 2007 estimates of total aggregate GHG emissions from Annex I Parties 2007 document (FCCC/SBI/2007/30) This document (FCCC/SBI/2008/12) Explanation of the difference between 2008 and 2007 estimates Total aggregate GHG emissions excluding LULUCF in 1990 (thousands of Tg CO 2 equivalent) All Annex I Parties Impact of inventory recalculations for Annex I EIT and Annex I non-eit Parties Annex I EIT Parties Inventory recalculations, in particular for Croatia, Slovakia and the Russian Federation Annex I non-eit Parties Inventory recalculations, in particular for Greece and the United States of America Total aggregate GHG emissions including LULUCF in 1990 (thousands of Tg CO 2 equivalent) All Annex I Parties Impact of inventory recalculations for Annex I EIT and Annex I non-eit Parties Annex I EIT Parties Inventory recalculations, in particular for Croatia and the Russian Federation Annex I non-eit Parties Inventory recalculations, in particular for Iceland and Sweden Changes in total aggregate GHG emissions excluding LULUCF from 1990 to the latest available year (%) All Annex I Parties A combination of changes for Annex I EIT and Annex non-eit Parties Annex I EIT Parties Inventory recalculations, including for the base year level for Croatia and the Russian Federation, and decreases in emissions between 2005 and 2006 (for example, in Bulgaria and Estonia) Annex I non-eit Parties Inventory recalculations and decreases in emissions (for example, Belgium, Portugal, Spain and Sweden) Changes in total aggregate GHG emissions including LULUCF from 1990 to the latest available year (%) All Annex I Parties A combination of changes for Annex I EIT and Annex non-eit Parties Annex I EIT Parties Increases in emissions between 2005 and 2006 (for example, in Lithuania and Latvia) and inventory recalculations, including for the base year level for Estonia and the Russian Federation Annex I non-eit Parties Decreases in emissions between 2005 and 2006 (for example, in Portugal and Sweden) and inventory recalculations Abbreviations: EIT Parties = Parties with economies in transition, GHG = greenhouse gas, LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry.

16 Page 16 Table 4. Total aggregate anthropogenic emissions of CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2006 Change from Gg CO 2 equivalent 1990 to 2006 Party (%) Australia Austria Belarus* Belgium Bulgaria* a Canada Croatia* Czech Republic* Denmark Estonia* European Community b Finland France Germany Greece Hungary* a Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Latvia* Liechtenstein Lithuania* Luxembourg Monaco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland* a Portugal c Romania* a Russian Federation* Slovakia* Slovenia* a Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey** Ukraine* United Kingdom United States Number of Parties showing decrease in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 21 Number of Parties showing change in emissions within 1 per cent: 2 Number of Parties showing increase in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 18 a Data for the base year defined by decisions 9/CP.2 and 11/CP.4 (Bulgaria (1988), Hungary (average of ), Poland (1988), Romania (1989), Slovenia (1986)) are used for this Party instead of 1990 data. b Emission estimates of the European Community are reported separately from those of its member States. c The 2000, 2005 and 2006 data for Portugal differ slightly from those in the common reporting format tables because of an inconsistency in data for F gases in the XML file that was submitted to the secretariat and has been used for processing data. * A Party undergoing the process of transition to a market economy. ** Decision 26/CP.7 invited Parties to recognize the special circumstances of Turkey, which place Turkey in a situation different from that of other Annex I Parties.

17 Page 17 Table 5. Total aggregate anthropogenic emissions of CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 including emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2006 Change from Gg CO 2 equivalent 1990 to 2006 Party (%) Australia Austria Belarus* Belgium Bulgaria* a Canada Croatia* Czech Republic* Denmark Estonia* European Community b Finland France Germany Greece Hungary* a Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Latvia* Liechtenstein Lithuania* Luxembourg Monaco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland* a Portugal c Romania* a Russian Federation* Slovakia* Slovenia* a Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey** Ukraine* United Kingdom United States Number of Parties showing decrease in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 24 Number of Parties showing change in emissions within 1 per cent: 0 Number of Parties showing increase in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 17 a Data for the base year defined by decisions 9/CP.2 and 11/CP.4 (Bulgaria (1988), Hungary (average of ), Poland (1988), Romania (1989), Slovenia (1986)) are used for this Party instead of 1990 data. b Emission estimates of the European Community are reported separately from those of its member States. c The 2000, 2005 and 2006 data for Portugal differ slightly from those in the common reporting format tables because of an inconsistency in data for F gases in the XML file that was submitted to the secretariat and has been used for processing data. * A Party undergoing the process of transition to a market economy. ** Decision 26/CP.7 invited Parties to recognize the special circumstances of Turkey, which place Turkey in a situation different from that of other Annex I Parties.

18 Page 18 Table 6. Total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2006 Change from Gg CO 2 equivalent 1990 to 2006 Party (%) Australia Austria Belarus* Belgium Bulgaria* a Canada Croatia* Czech Republic* Denmark Estonia* European Community b Finland France Germany Greece Hungary* a Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Latvia* Liechtenstein Lithuania* Luxembourg Monaco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland* a Portugal Romania* a Russian Federation* Slovakia* Slovenia* a Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey** Ukraine* United Kingdom United States Number of Parties showing decrease in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 17 Number of Parties showing change in emissions within 1 per cent: 2 Number of Parties showing increase in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 22 a Data for the base year defined by decisions 9/CP.2 and 11/CP.4 (Bulgaria (1988), Hungary (average of ), Poland (1988), Romania (1989), Slovenia (1986)) are used for this Party instead of 1990 data. b Emission estimates of the European Community are reported separately from those of its member States. * A Party undergoing the process of transition to a market economy. ** Decision 26/CP.7 invited Parties to recognize the special circumstances of Turkey, which place Turkey in a situation different from that of other Annex I Parties.

19 Page 19 Table 7. Total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions including emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2006 Change from Gg CO 2 equivalent 1990 to 2006 Party (%) Australia Austria Belarus* Belgium Bulgaria* a Canada Croatia* Czech Republic* Denmark Estonia* European Community b Finland France Germany Greece Hungary* a Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Latvia* Liechtenstein Lithuania* Luxembourg Monaco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland* a Portugal Romania* a Russian Federation* Slovakia* Slovenia* a Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey** Ukraine* United Kingdom United States Number of Parties showing decrease in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 20 Number of Parties showing change in emissions within 1 per cent: 3 Number of Parties showing increase in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 18 a Data for the base year defined by decisions 9/CP.2 and 11/CP.4 (Bulgaria (1988), Hungary (average of ), Poland (1988), Romania (1989), Slovenia (1986)) are used for this Party instead of 1990 data. b Emission estimates of the European Community are reported separately from those of its member States. * A Party undergoing the process of transition to a market economy. ** Decision 26/CP.7 invited Parties to recognize the special circumstances of Turkey, which place Turkey in a situation different from that of other Annex I Parties.

20 Page 20 Table 8. Total anthropogenic methane emissions excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2006 Change from Gg CO 2 equivalent 1990 to 2006 Party (%) Australia Austria Belarus* Belgium Bulgaria* a Canada Croatia* Czech Republic* Denmark Estonia* European Community b Finland France Germany Greece Hungary* a Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Latvia* Liechtenstein Lithuania* Luxembourg Monaco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland* a Portugal Romania* a Russian Federation* Slovakia* Slovenia* a Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey** Ukraine* United Kingdom United States Number of Parties showing decrease in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 32 Number of Parties showing change in emissions within 1 per cent: 1 Number of Parties showing increase in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 8 a Data for the base year defined by decisions 9/CP.2 and 11/CP.4 (Bulgaria (1988), Hungary (average of ), Poland (1988), Romania (1989), Slovenia (1986)) are used for this Party instead of 1990 data. b Emission estimates of the European Community are reported separately from those of its member States. * A Party undergoing the process of transition to a market economy. ** Decision 26/CP.7 invited Parties to recognize the special circumstances of Turkey, which place Turkey in a situation different from that of other Annex I Parties.

21 Page 21 Table 9. Total anthropogenic methane emissions including emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2006 Change from Gg CO 2 equivalent 1990 to 2006 Party (%) Australia Austria Belarus* Belgium Bulgaria* a Canada Croatia* Czech Republic* Denmark Estonia* European Community b Finland France Germany Greece Hungary* a Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Latvia* Liechtenstein Lithuania* Luxembourg Monaco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland* a Portugal Romania* a Russian Federation* Slovakia* Slovenia* a Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey** Ukraine* United Kingdom United States Number of Parties showing decrease in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 32 Number of Parties showing change in emissions within 1 per cent: 2 Number of Parties showing increase in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 7 a Data for the base year defined by decisions 9/CP.2 and 11/CP.4 (Bulgaria (1988), Hungary (average of ), Poland (1988), Romania (1989), Slovenia (1986)) are used for this Party instead of 1990 data. b Emission estimates of the European Community are reported separately from those of its member States. * A Party undergoing the process of transition to a market economy. ** Decision 26/CP.7 invited Parties to recognize the special circumstances of Turkey, which place Turkey in a situation different from that of other Annex I Parties.

22 Page 22 Table 10. Total anthropogenic nitrous oxide emissions excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2006 Change from Gg CO 2 equivalent 1990 to 2006 Party (%) Australia Austria Belarus* Belgium Bulgaria* a Canada Croatia* Czech Republic* Denmark Estonia* European Community b Finland France Germany Greece Hungary* a Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Latvia* Liechtenstein Lithuania* Luxembourg Monaco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland* a Portugal Romania* a Russian Federation* Slovakia* Slovenia* a Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey** Ukraine* United Kingdom United States Number of Parties showing decrease in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 34 Number of Parties showing change in emissions within 1 per cent: 0 Number of Parties showing increase in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 7 a Data for the base year defined by decisions 9/CP.2 and 11/CP.4 (Bulgaria (1988), Hungary (average of ), Poland (1988), Romania (1989), Slovenia (1986)) are used for this Party instead of 1990 data. b Emission estimates of the European Community are reported separately from those of its member States. * A Party undergoing the process of transition to a market economy. ** Decision 26/CP.7 invited Parties to recognize the special circumstances of Turkey, which place Turkey in a situation different from that of other Annex I Parties.

23 Page 23 Table 11. Total anthropogenic nitrous oxide emissions including emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2006 Change from Gg CO 2 equivalent 1990 to 2006 Party (%) Australia Austria Belarus* Belgium Bulgaria* a Canada Croatia* Czech Republic* Denmark Estonia* European Community b Finland France Germany Greece Hungary* a Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Latvia* Liechtenstein Lithuania* Luxembourg Monaco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland* a Portugal Romania* a Russian Federation* Slovakia* Slovenia* a Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey** Ukraine* United Kingdom United States Number of Parties showing decrease in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 33 Number of Parties showing change in emissions within 1 per cent: 1 Number of Parties showing increase in emissions by more than 1 per cent: 7 a Data for the base year defined by decisions 9/CP.2 and 11/CP.4 (Bulgaria (1988), Hungary (average of ), Poland (1988), Romania (1989), Slovenia (1986)) are used for this Party instead of 1990 data. b Emission estimates of the European Community are reported separately from those of its member States. * A Party undergoing the process of transition to a market economy. ** Decision 26/CP.7 invited Parties to recognize the special circumstances of Turkey, which place Turkey in a situation different from that of other Annex I Parties.