Macromolecules Review Science Department. Ms. Martinez 2010
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1 Macromolecules Review Science Department Ms. Martinez 2010
2 1. What are 4 examples of macromolecules?
3 1. What are 4 types of macromolecules? Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins
4 2. Why are macromolecules organic compounds?
5 2. Why are macromolecules organic compounds? They have the element Carbon
6 3. What are monomers? Small, simple units
7 4. What are polymers?
8 4. What are polymers? Larger units made of monomers
9 5. What are carbohydrates?
10 5. What are carbohydrates? Sugars and starches
11 6. What is the function of a carbohydrate?
12 6. What is the function of a carbohydrate? Main source of energy in living things
13 7. What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
14 7. What is the monomer of a carbohydrate? Monosaccharide
15 8. What is the polymer of a carbohydrate?
16 8. What is the polymer of a carbohydrate? Polysaccharide
17 9. What are monosaccharides?
18 9. What are monosaccharides? Single or simple sugars
19 10. How do plants store their excess sugar?
20 10. How do plants store their excess sugar? As Starch
21 11. How do animals store their excess sugar?
22 11. How do animals store their excess sugar? As Glycogen
23 12. Which elements are found in carbohydrates?
24 12. Which elements are found in carbohydrates? C H O (Carbon, hydrogen, and Oxygen)
25 13. What is the RATIO of these elements?
26 13. What is the RATIO of these elements? 1:2:1
27 14. When would you use Benedict s s solution?
28 14. When would you use Benedict s s solution? To test for monosaccharides
29 15. How does Benedict s Solution work?
30 15. How does Benedict s Solution work? In the presence of a MONOSACCHARIDE and HEAT, it changes from BLUE to RED/ORANGE.
31 16. When would you use Iodine solution?
32 16. When would you use Iodine solution? To test for starches
33 17. How does Lugol s Iodine solution work?
34 17. How does Lugol s Iodine solution work? In the presence of a starch, it changes from BROWN to BLUISH/BLACK
35 18. List 2 examples of proteins in the body.
36 18. List 2 examples of proteins in the body. Hair, Nails, Muscle, Antibodies, Enzymes, etc.
37 19. What are the function of proteins?
38 19. What are the function of proteins? Form muscles and bones, transport substances and control the rate of reactions in the body
39 20. Which elements are found in proteins?
40 20. Which elements are found in proteins? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
41 21. What is the monomer of a protein?
42 21. What is the monomer of a protein? Amino Acid
43 22. SKETCH and LABEL an amino acid.
44 22. SKETCH and LABEL an amino acid.
45 23. How many amino acids are there?
46 23. How many amino acids are there? 20
47 24. What type of covalent bond do amino acids have?
48 24. What type of covalent bond do amino acids have? Peptide Bonds Polypeptide/Protein
49 25. What are enzymes?
50 25. What are enzymes? types of proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions
51 26. Catalysts will (speed- up / slow down) a chemical reaction.
52 26. Catalysts will (speed-up / slow down) a chemical reaction. speed-up
53 27. A biological catalyst is an.
54 27. A biological catalyst is an. ENZYME
55 28. What is an example of a common catalyst?
56 28. What is an example of a common catalyst? Match
57 29. Are all enzymes types of proteins?
58 29. Are all enzymes types of proteins? YES!! Enzyme (Protein) Enzyme (Protein) Enzyme (Protein)
59 30. Are all proteins types of enzymes?
60 30. Are all proteins types of enzymes? No!! Enzyme (Protein) Channel Protein Antibody
61 31. The energy needed to start a reaction is called energy.
62 31. The energy needed to start a reaction is called energy. Activation
63 32. What temperature do enzymes work best in your body?
64 32. What temperature do enzymes work best in your body? 37 degrees C
65 33. What happens to the activation energy in the presence of an enzyme?
66 33. What happens to the activation energy in the presence of an enzyme? LOWERED
67 34. SKETCH and LABEL an Energy Hill Diagram.
68 34. SKETCH and LABEL an Energy Hill Diagram.
69 35. What is Denaturation?
70 35. What is Denaturation? When the proteins natural structure, its 3-D 3 D shape, is permanently changed
71 36. List 2 things that can denature proteins.
72 36. List 2 things that can denature proteins. Change in ph or temperature
73 37. The molecule on which an enzyme will attach is called the site.
74 37. The molecule on which an enzyme will attach is called the site. active
75 38. What are lipids?
76 38. What are lipids? Molecules that cannot dissolve in water
77 39. What are examples of lipids?
78 39. What are examples of lipids? Fats, oils, waxes & steroids
79 40. What are functions of lipids?
80 40. What are functions of lipids? 1. Long-term Energy storage for animals 2. Structural elements for plants and animal
81 41. Which elements are found in lipids?
82 41. Which elements are found in lipids? Mostly carbon and hydrogen with some oxygen
83 42. What is the monomer of a lipid?
84 42. What is the monomer of a lipid? 3 fatty-acids acids and 1 glycerol head
85 43. What is the structure of a lipid?
86 43. What is the structure of a lipid?
87 44. What is a saturated fat?
88 44. What is a saturated fat? -Solid at room temperature and no double bonds (full of hydrogen) -ex animal fats
89 45. What is an unsaturated fat?
90 45. What is an unsaturated fat? -Liquid at room temperature due to double bonds (bent structure) -ex plant oils
91 46. What are two types of nucleic acids?
92 46. What are two types of nucleic acids? DNA and RNA
93 47. What are the functions of nucleic acids?
94 47. What are the functions of nucleic acids? Store and transmit genetic information
95 48. What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
96 48. What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? Nucleotide
97 49. What 3 structures does a nucleotide consist of?
98 49. What 3 structures does a nucleotide Phosphate consist of? Sugar Nitrogen Base
99 50. What is range for the ph scale?
100 50. What is range for the ph scale? 0 to 14
101 51. What are acids?
102 51. What are acids? They release a hydrogen ion, H+, into water
103 52. List 3 properties of acids.
104 52. List 3 properties of acids. 1. Taste sour 2. Are sticky 3. React with Metals
105 53. What color will Litmus paper turn in the presence of an acid?
106 53. What color will Litmus paper turn in the presence of an acid? RED (pink)
107 54. Which ion does an acid have?
108 54. Which ion does an acid have? Hydrogen ion, H+
109 55. Where are strong acids on the scale?
110 55. Where are strong acids on the scale? Closer to 0
111 56. What are bases?
112 56. What are bases? They release a hydroxide ion, OH-,, into water
113 57. List 3 properties of a base.
114 57. List 3 properties of a base. 1. Bitter, sharp taste 2. Feel slippery 3. React with organic molecules
115 58. What color will Litmus paper turn in the presence of a base?
116 58. What color will Litmus paper turn in the presence of a base? BLUE (purple)
117 59. Which ion does a base have?
118 59. Which ion does a base have? Hydroxide ion, OH-
119 60. Where are strong bases on the ph scale?
120 60. Where are strong bases on the ph scale? Near 14
121 61. Solutions that have concentrations of H+ ion LOWER than pure water are (acids/bases).
122 61. Solutions that have concentrations of H+ ion LOWER than pure water are (acids/bases). BASES Huh? Bases have very little H+, but lots of OH-. H+ OH-
123 62. H+ reacts with OH- to form?
124 62. H+ reacts with OH- to form? H2O (Water)
125 Study!
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