Seniors in the Lower Mainland: A Snapshot of Facts and Trends. March 2013

Transcription

1 Seniors in the Lower Mainland: A Snapshot of Facts and Trends March 2013

2 Contents Introduction 1 Report Highlights 2 Seniors in the Lower Mainland 5 Mobility and Migration 10 Living Alone and Sense of Belonging 12 Housing Choices 15 Housing Affordability and Homelessness 17 Income 23 Language 28 Health and Health Care 28 Residential Care and Assisted Living 32 Glossary 37 i

3 List of Figures Figure 1: Number and percentage of seniors, by municipality, 1991, 2001, and Figure 2: Seniors as a proportion of total population by census tract, Metro Vancouver, Figure 3: Change in population of seniors, by age group, Metro Vancouver, by ten-year period... 7 Figure 4: Number of male and female seniors by age group and proportion of age group that is male or female, Metro Vancouver, Figure 5: Number of male and female seniors, and number of female seniors per 100 male seniors, by municipality, Figure 6: Seniors in-migration, out-migration and net migration from Metro Vancouver, including international and domestic movement, Figure 7: Number of senior immigrants coming to Canada each year, by municipality and combination of municipalities, Figure 8: Percentage of seniors in private households living alone, by census tract, Figure 9: Number and percentage of seniors living alone, by municipality, 2001, 2006, Figure 10: Percentage of seniors with a somewhat strong or very strong sense of community belonging, by health service delivery area, 2003 and Figure 11: Total number of senior-led households, by housing tenure, and the percentage of all senior-led households, SLRD and Metro Vancouver, 2001 and Figure 12: Total number of senior home owners with and without a mortgage, Metro Vancouver, by age group, 2001 and Figure 13: Total number of seniors living in different housing types and their percentage of all seniors in private dwellings, by municipality, Figure 14: Total number of senior-led households in core housing need, by tenure, Metro Vancouver, 1996, 2001, and Figure 15: Average monthly rents for 1 bedroom apartment units, for Metro Vancouver sub-regions and Squamish CA, 2006 and 2012, total change (in 2012 dollars) and percentage change Figure 16: Number of social housing units in seniors housing registry (June 2012) and number of seniors (2011), by municipality Figure 17: Distribution of seniors social housing facilities and number of seniors, by census tracts in Metro Vancouver, Figure 18: Distribution of seniors social housing facilities and number of seniors, by census tracts in Downtown Vancouver and surrounding neighbourhoods, Figure 19: Number of households on seniors and persons with disabilities waiting list, by municipality, Figure 20: Number of street, shelter, and total homeless seniors, Metro Vancouver, 2005, 2008, and ii

4 Figure 21: Number of street, shelter and total homeless near-seniors (55-64 years old), Metro Vancouver, 2005, 2008, and Figure 22: Number of senior-led households, by household annual income range (and median household income), for couple families and individuals not in census families, Metro Vancouver and Squamish CA, Figure 23: Income distribution among male and female seniors, Metro Vancouver and Squamish CA, Figure 24: Number of seniors with and without various income sources, Metro Vancouver, 2000, 2005, and Figure 25: Percentage of seniors with various income sources, Metro Vancouver, 2000, 2005 and Figure 26: Number of seniors who could not speak English, by municipality, Figure 27: Top three mother tongues for seniors (number of seniors and percentage of all seniors), by municipality, Figure 28: Number of seniors with activity limitations and their percentage of all seniors, by municipality, by age, Figure 29: Functional health (good to full), among seniors, by health service delivery area, Figure 30: Percentage of seniors with a regular medical doctor, by health service delivery area, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, and Figure 31: Percentage of seniors who had contact with a medical doctor within the past 12 months, by health service delivery area, 2003, 2005, 2007, and Figure 32: Specialist physicians (per 100,000 people), by health service delivery area, 2002 and Figure 33: Time (from receiving case to completing surgery) by which 90% of hip replacement surgeries had been completed, compared to benchmark waiting times, by hospital, Figure 34: Distribution of seniors care and assisted living facilities (in 2012) and number of old seniors (85+; in 2011) by Metro Vancouver census tracts Figure 35: Distribution of seniors care and assisted living facilities (in 2012) and number of old seniors (85+; in 2011) for South Surrey and White Rock census tracts Figure 36: Total number of seniors care facilities, Metro Vancouver and SLRD, Figure 37: Vacancy rates for heavy care suites, bachelor independent living suites, 1 bedroom independent living suites, and 2 bedroom independent living suites, Lower Mainland, Figure 38: Average monthly rents for heavy care suites, bachelor independent living units, 1 bedroom independent living units, and 2 bedroom independent living units, Lower Mainland, (in 2012 dollars) Figure 39: Proportion of all independent living and heavy care facilities where various services are available, Lower Mainland, iii

5 Introduction The United Way of the Lower Mainland and the Social Planning and Research Council of British Columbia (SPARC BC) have partnered in the development of this research report in an effort to provide support to planning and program development for seniors (age 65+ years) living in the Lower Mainland (i.e., Metro Vancouver Regional District and Squamish-Lillooet Regional District (herein referred to as SLRD )). In recent years, the United Way has supported several applied and policy-oriented research initiatives, including Towards an Age-Friendly Community in the Lower Mainland/Sea to Sky Corridor (2008), the Seniors Vulnerability Report (2011) and the related discussion papers and regional fact sheets. This report builds on these previous studies by offering a consolidation of current key facts and trends about seniors in the Lower Mainland. In producing this snapshot report, we have followed a simple method that involved analyzing and mapping recent socio-demographic and economic indicators that are relevant to planning for the well being of seniors. This snapshot presents facts and trends only and does not engage in interpretation of the findings nor does the report include recommendations. The report consists of ten (10) sections which are briefly summarized here: 1. Report Highlights: summary of some of the most important findings across all data theme areas; 2. Seniors in the Lower Mainland: geographic distribution of seniors in Metro Vancouver and the SLRD, as well as changes in the number of seniors over time and the age and gender of seniors; 3. Mobility and Migration: movement of seniors in and out of Metro Vancouver, including immigration; 4. Living Alone and Sense of Belonging: total numbers and frequencies of seniors living alone across Metro Vancouver and over time, as well as the sense of community belonging among seniors; 5. Housing Choices: types of housing occupied by seniors (e.g., apartments) and the distribution of housing tenure (e.g., renting) and presence of mortgages among seniors; 6. Housing Affordability and Homelessness: senior households in core housing need over time, monthly average rent for 1 bedroom units across the Metro Vancouver region and Squamish CA, the distribution and totals of social housing throughout Metro Vancouver and SLRD and changes in the senior and near-senior homeless population in Metro Vancouver over time; 7. Income: income ranges of senior-led households in Metro Vancouver and Squamish CA by household type (couple families and individuals not in census families) and gender and the number of seniors receiving income from various sources (e.g., RRSPs); 8. Language: geographic distribution of seniors in Metro Vancouver and the SLRD who could not speak English and the most common mother tongues in Metro Vancouver and the SLRD by municipality; 9. Health and Health Care: frequency of activity limitations among seniors, the overall functional health of seniors, the access and use of a regular medical doctor and specialist physicians by seniors, and the waiting time necessary for seniors to obtain a hip replacement surgery; 10. Residential Care and Assisted Living: geographic distribution and total number of seniors care and assisted living facilities, and the service, rents, and vacancy rates for various seniors housing types (e.g., heavy care suites, independent living units). A glossary of technical terms used in the report is located at the end of the report. 1

6 Report Highlights Seniors in the Lower Mainland In 2011, Metro Vancouver had 312,895 seniors, or 117,465 more seniors than it had in 1991 (for a 60.1% increase between 1991 and 2011). Some census tracts in White Rock (as high as 42.7% of the total population in one census tract) and West Vancouver (as high as 49.7% of the total population in one census tract) have particularly high concentrations of seniors. The seniors population in Metro Vancouver is expected to increase by 166,071 between 2011 and 2021 and by 193,792 between 2021 and 2031, for a total increase of 359,863 between 2011 and 2031 (a 115% percentage increase in the seniors population between 2011 and 2031). As of 2011, 55% of all of Metro Vancouver seniors were female (172,085 female seniors in total compared to 140,810 male seniors). Mobility and Migration In 2010, 3,727 senior in-migrants (from other parts of B.C., Canada and abroad) moved to Metro Vancouver, while 3,239 senior out-migrants moved away from Metro Vancouver (to other parts of B.C., Canada, and abroad), for a net migration gain of 488 seniors. Between 2000 and 2010, 10,600 seniors immigrated to Metro Vancouver. Living Alone and Sense of Belonging Census tracts where seniors live alone are primarily concentrated in and around Vancouver s Downtown core, with over 2 in 3 seniors living alone in several census tracts in the Downtown and the West End. A total number of 72,370 seniors (24.7% of all Metro Vancouver seniors) lived alone in Metro Vancouver in 2011, 9,270 more seniors living alone than in In 2011, 73.8% of British Columbian seniors reported a somewhat strong or very strong sense of community belonging. Housing Choices In 2006, 116,245 out of 152,845 senior-led households in Metro Vancouver (76.1%) owned their dwellings. In 2006, only 26,160 senior home owners in Metro Vancouver had a mortgage compared to 92,695 senior home owners who did not have a mortgage. Out of the 293,195 seniors in Metro Vancouver who lived in private dwellings in 2011, 125,755 of them (42.9%) lived in single-detached houses without secondary suites, followed by 58,385 seniors who lived in low rise apartments (19.9%), 41,435 seniors who lived in either secondary suites or houses with secondary suites (14.1%), 35,655 seniors who lived in mid to high rise apartments (12.2%) and 31,965 seniors who lived in other dwelling types (10.9%). 2

7 Housing Affordability and Homelessness In 2006, 44.3% of senior-led renter households in Metro Vancouver were in core housing need, compared with 11.6% of senior-led owner households. The highest average 1 bedroom apartment unit rents in 2012 were in West Vancouver ($1,247/month), Vancouver City ($1,067/month) and North Vancouver District ($1,021/month). Metro Vancouver had 20,980 seniors social housing units in June 2012, or approximately 7 seniors social housing units per 100 seniors. As of 2012, Downtown Vancouver and the surrounding neighbourhoods of Kitsilano, Fairview, Mount Pleasant, West End, Strathcona, Downtown Eastside, and Grandview-Woodland had the largest concentration of seniors social housing (with 7,687 seniors social housing units) and a large number of seniors (26,980 seniors in total). The number of households on the seniors and persons with disabilities waiting list for seniors social housing for Metro Vancouver increased by 1,408 households between 2009 and 2012 from 3,141 households to 4,549 households (a 44.8% increase). The total number of homeless seniors in Metro Vancouver increased from 32 in both 2005 and 2008 to 58 in In addition to the 58 homeless seniors in 2011, there were 210 homeless near-seniors (ages years). Income Median total annual incomes for senior persons not in census families in 2010 were $22,370 in Metro Vancouver and $24,280 in Squamish CA. Median total annual incomes for senior-led couple families in 2010 were $56,560 in Metro Vancouver and $59,970 in Squamish CA. In 2010 in Metro Vancouver, over 3 in 5 female seniors had a total income of less than $25,000. The number of seniors in Metro Vancouver with employment income as a source of income more than doubled from 38,380 in 2000 to 83,320 in Language Among Metro Vancouver municipalities in 2011, Richmond (24.4%) and Vancouver (22.9%) had the highest proportions of seniors who could not speak English. In 2011, the most common mother tongue for Metro Vancouver seniors was English (153,905; 51% of all seniors), followed by Cantonese (21,035; 7%) and Chinese (18,560; 6%). 3

8 Health and Health Care In Metro Vancouver, the proportion of seniors ages 75 years and over with activity limitations (65.7%) was considerably higher than the proportion of seniors ages 65 to 74 years old with activity limitations (41.7%). In 2010, 66.7% of British Columbian seniors reported good to full functional health. 95.1% of seniors in British Columbia had a regular medical doctor ( family doctor ) in % of British Columbian seniors had contact with a medical doctor within the past 12 months in Of the local health service delivery areas in Metro Vancouver and SLRD, Vancouver had the highest number of specialist physicians per 100,000 people in both 2002 (260) and 2010 (264), while Fraser South had the lowest per capita in both 2002 (45) and 2010 (48). 90% of hip replacement surgeries in B.C. were completed by 31.1 weeks from initial referral in 2012, compared to a target of 90% completion by 26 weeks. Residential Care and Assisted Living As of 2012, there were 1,613 assisted living facility units and 8,791 community care facility beds in Metro Vancouver. In Metro Vancouver, the South Surrey/White Rock area has both the largest concentration of older seniors (with 1,635 older seniors in total) and the largest concentration of care and assisted living facilities (905 care facility beds and 178 assisted living units). The number of care facilities in Metro Vancouver increased from 196 in 2002 to 231 in 2011; Among all types of surveyed seniors housing in the Lower Mainland and Fraser Valley in 2012, heavy care suites had the lowest vacancy rate (7.9%) and bachelor (no bedroom) independent living units had the highest vacancy rate (17.4%). In the Lower Mainland and Fraser Valley, heavy care suites had the highest average monthly rents in 2012 at $5,626/month, followed by 2 bedroom independent living units ($3,757/month), 1 bedroom independent living units ($2,983/month) and bachelor independent living units ($2,178/month). In 2012, 100.0% of all surveyed seniors housing buildings in the Lower Mainland provided 1 meal or more to their residents, while 90.1% provided 2 meals or more and 51.9% provided 3 meals or more. 4

9 Seniors in the Lower Mainland In 2011, Metro Vancouver had 312,895 seniors, or 117,465 more seniors than it had in (figure 1). Vancouver (81,930 seniors), Surrey (56,570), and Burnaby (30,900) had the largest numbers of seniors among the Metro Vancouver municipalities in Surrey and Vancouver saw the largest increases in the numbers of seniors between 1991 and In 2011, seniors comprised a slightly lower proportion of the total population in Metro Vancouver (13.5%) compared to British Columbia as a whole (15.7%), but higher than the Squamish- Lillooet Regional District (SLRD) (8.6%). Among the Metro Vancouver and SLRD municipalities, seniors comprised the highest proportion of the population in White Rock (29.4%), West Vancouver (25.5%) and Belcarra (17.8%) and the lowest proportion in Pemberton (2.7%), Whistler (5.0%) and Anmore (7.2%). Figure 1: Number and percentage of seniors, by municipality, 1991, 2001, and Change in Totals Seniors % Totals Seniors % Totals Seniors % number of seniors British Columbia 3,282, , % 3,907, , % 4,400, , % 266,705 Metro Vancouver 4 1,602, , % 1,986, , % 2,313, , % 117,465 Langley District 66,040 6, % 86,895 9, % 104,175 13, % 7,675 Langley City 19,765 2, % 23,645 3, % 25,080 4, % 1,325 Surrey 245,175 25, % 347,825 37, % 468,250 56, % 31,260 White Rock 16,315 5, % 18,250 5, % 19,340 5, % 60 Delta 88,980 7, % 96,950 10, % 99,860 15, % 7,600 Richmond 126,625 13, % 164,345 19, % 190,475 26, % 12,995 Greater Vancouver A 5 N/A N/A N/A 8, % 13,035 1, % N/A Vancouver 471,845 66, % 545,670 70, % 603,500 81, % 15,925 Burnaby 158,860 22, % 193,955 25, % 223,215 30, % 8,690 New Westminster 43,585 7, % 54,655 7, % 65,975 8, % 1,175 Coquitlam 84,025 7, % 112,890 11, % 126,455 15, % 7,960 Belcarra % % % 85 Anmore % 1, % 2, % 110 Port Coquitlam 36,770 2, % 51,260 3, % 56,340 5, % 3,430 Port Moody 17, % 23,815 1, % 32,975 3, % 2,020 North Vancouver 75,155 7, % 82,310 9, % 84,415 13, % 6,100 North Vancouver City 38,435 5, % 44,305 5, % 48,200 6, % 1,355 West Vancouver 38,785 7, % 41,420 9, % 42,695 10, % 3,040 Bowen Island 6 N/A N/A N/A 2, % 3, % N/A Lions Bay 1, % 1, % 1, % 175 Pitt Meadows 11, % 14,670 1, % 17,735 2, % 1,265 Maple Ridge 48,420 4, % 63,170 6, % 76,055 9, % 4,285 SLRD 7 23,420 1, % 33,010 2, % 38,170 3, % 1,770 Squamish 11, % 14,245 1, % 17,160 1, % 805 Pemberton % 1, % 2, % 50 Whistler 4, % 8, % 9, % 405 5

10 Figure 2: Seniors as a proportion of total population by census tract, Metro Vancouver, 2011 As of 2011, seniors comprised at least 10% of the population in most (344 out of 455 census tracts, not including an additional two census tracts which did not have age data) Metro Vancouver census tracts 8 (figure 2). In Metro Vancouver, seniors comprise at least 30% of the population in 10 census tracts. Areas with the highest proportions of seniors in the population include census tracts in West Vancouver s Ambleside area (seniors comprised 49.7% of the population in one census tract) and census tracts in White Rock and neighbouring South Surrey (seniors comprised 42.7% of the population in one census tract), both areas containing several census tracts where seniors comprise 30% or more of the population. Other census tracts where seniors comprise 30% or more of the population are found in the Oakridge area of Vancouver, downtown Langley City, and uptown New Westminster. 6

11 The seniors population in Metro Vancouver grew by 70,590 between 2001 and , 10 (figure 3). It is expected to increase by 166,071 between 2011 and 2021 and by 193,792 between 2021 and Most of the increase between 2001 and 2011 was in the young seniors age group (65-74 years), which increased by 38,530, while middle seniors (75-84 years) increased by 18,020 and old seniors (85+ years) increased by 14,040. Between 2011 and 2021, young seniors are expected to increase in number by 108,533, while middle seniors are expected to increase by 36,176, followed by old seniors by 21,362. Between 2021 and 2031, young seniors will increase by 88,050, while middle seniors are expected to increase by 84,282 and old seniors are expected to increase by 21,460. Figure 3: Change in population of seniors, by age group, Metro Vancouver, by ten-year period 250,000 Change in seniors population 200, , ,000 50, Y oung Seniors 38, ,533 88,050 Middle Seniors 18,020 36,176 84,282 Old Seniors 14,040 21,362 21,460 T otal Seniors 70, , ,792 7

12 As of 2011, 55% of all of Metro Vancouver seniors were female (172,085 female seniors in total compared to 140,810 male seniors) 12 (figure 4). Females comprised 52% of Metro Vancouver s young seniors (ages 65-74), 55% of Metro Vancouver s middle seniors (ages 75-84), and 66% of Metro Vancouver s old seniors (ages 85+). This translates to 109 young senior females per 100 young senior males, 122 middle senior females per 100 middle senior males and 196 old senior females per every 100 old senior males. In total, there are approximately 122 senior females per 100 senior males in Metro Vancouver. Figure 4: Number of male and female seniors by age group and proportion of age group that is male or female, Metro Vancouver, , ,000 55% 160, ,000 45% Number of seniors 120, ,000 80,000 48% 52% 60,000 45% 55% 40,000 66% 20,000 34% - Young seniors Middle seniors Old seniors All seniors Males 80,335 46,040 14, ,810 Females 87,415 56,345 28, ,085 8

13 In 2011, Metro Vancouver had a larger number of female seniors per 100 male seniors (122.2) than British Columbia as a whole (117.4) and the SLRD (97.6) 13 (figure 5). The only municipalities in the service area with fewer female seniors than male seniors were Whistler, Lions Bay and Anmore. The municipalities with the greatest number of female seniors per 100 male seniors were Langley City, White Rock and North Vancouver City. Figure 5: Number of male and female seniors, and number of female seniors per 100 male seniors, by municipality, 2011 Male Seniors Female Seniors British Columbia 316, , Metro Vancouver , , Langley District 6,345 7, Langley City 1,660 2, Surrey 26,070 30, White Rock 2,265 3, Delta 7,245 8, Richmond 11,795 14, Greater Vancouver A Vancouver 36,620 45, Burnaby 14,075 16, New Westminster 3,700 5, Coquitlam 6,840 8, Belcarra Anmore Port Coquitlam 2,605 3, Port Moody 1,395 1, North Vancouver District 5,970 7, North Vancouver City 2,745 3, West Vancouver 4,775 6, Bowen Island Lions Bay Pitt Meadows 950 1, Maple Ridge 4,050 5, SLRD 15 1,650 1, Squamish Pemberton Whistler Number of female seniors per 100 male seniors 9

14 Mobility and Migration In 2010, 3,727 senior in-migrants moved to Metro Vancouver, while 3,239 senior out-migrants moved away from Metro Vancouver, for a net migration gain of 488 seniors 16 (figure 6). This represents a slight decrease from the net migration gains of 696 seniors in 2008 and 651 seniors in During each year between 2000 and 2010, Metro Vancouver welcomed between 3,441 (in 2004) and 3,883 (in 2003) senior in-migrants. During each year between 2000 and 2010, between 2,839 (in 2008) and 3,304 (in 2001) senior out-migrants left Metro Vancouver. Net migration totals each year varied from a gain of 301 in 2004 to a gain of 732 in Figure 6: Seniors in-migration, out-migration and net migration from Metro Vancouver, including international and domestic movement, ,500 4,000 3,500 Number of migrants 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Inmigration 3,524 3,850 3,684 3,883 3,441 3,728 3,758 3,703 3,535 3,845 3,727 Outmigration 2,887 3,304 3,219 3,151 3,140 3,023 3,214 3,203 2,839 3,194 3,239 Net mig ra tion

15 Between 2000 and 2010, 10,600 seniors immigrated to Metro Vancouver, constituting the majority of senior immigrants to British Columbia during that period (12,620) 17 (figure 7). The largest number of seniors immigrated to Metro Vancouver in 2006 (1,145) and 2009 (1,105), with 2005 (560) and 2000 (860) having the smallest numbers. Within Metro Vancouver, the majority of senior immigrants settled in four municipalities: Vancouver (3,345 between 2000 and 2010), Surrey (2,105), Richmond (1,390), and Burnaby (1,375). The SLRD had 15 senior immigrant arrivals between 2000 and Figure 7: Number of senior immigrants coming to Canada each year, by municipality and combination of municipalities, British Columbia 1,050 1,130 1,300 1,170 1, ,340 1,080 1,280 1,315 1,210 12,620 Metro Vancouver , , ,070 1,105 1,040 10,600 Langley Surrey ,105 White Rock Delta Richmond ,390 Vancouver ,345 Burnaby ,375 New Westminster Port Coquitlam + Coquitlam Belcarra Anmore Port Moody North Vancouver Lions Bay West Vancouver Bowen Island Pitt Meadows Maple Ridge SLRD Squamish Pemberton Whistler

16 Living Alone and Sense of Belonging Figure 8: Percentage of seniors in private households living alone, by census tract, 2011 As of 2011, in 66 out of 455 Metro Vancouver census tracts 23, 24 (not including two census tracts that did not have age data) (figure 8), 40% or more of seniors lived alone. Of these census tracts, 30 are located in areas in and around Vancouver s core, with 8 of these census tracts being located in the West End, 5 in the Downtown core, 5 in Fairview/False Creek, 5 in Kitsilano and the other 7 in other nearby neighbourhoods. In 3 census tracts located in the Downtown and the West End, over 2 in 3 seniors lived alone. The other 36 census tracts where 40% or more of seniors live alone are spread throughout the suburbs, with concentrations in uptown New Westminster (5 such census tracts) and up from the waterfront in North Vancouver City into North Vancouver District near the foot of the North Shore mountains (4 such census tracts). 12

17 In 2011, a total number of 72,370 seniors lived alone in Metro Vancouver (figure 9). This represents an increase of 9,270 seniors living alone in Metro Vancouver between 2001 and % of Metro Vancouver seniors lived alone in 2011, slightly lower than in British Columbia (25.7%) and SLRD (26.8%). The 2011 percentage for Metro Vancouver was also lower than the percentage of Metro Vancouver seniors living alone in 2001 (27.7%) and 2006 (26.6%). Among Metro Vancouver and SLRD municipalities in 2011, Langley City (42.3%) and White Rock (41.5%) had the highest proportion of seniors living alone, while Anmore (6.5%), Belcarra and Lions Bay (13.0% each) had the lowest proportions. Vancouver (21,575), Surrey (9,680) and Burnaby (7,015) had the greatest number of seniors living alone in Figure 9: Number and percentage of seniors living alone, by municipality, 2001, 2006, Number of seniors Number of seniors Number of seniors Number of seniors living alone % of seniors living alone Number of seniors living alone % of seniors living alone Number of seniors living alone % of seniors living alone Change in number of seniors living alone, British Columbia 503, , % 566, , % 643, , % 21,975 Metro Vancouver 227,890 63, % 256,655 68, % 293,195 72, % 9,270 Langley District 9,075 2, % 10,800 2, % 13,150 2, % 875 Langley City 3,350 1, % 3,665 1, % 3,720 1, % 160 Surrey 36,290 8, % 43,425 9, % 53,505 9, % 1,630 White Rock 4,705 1, % 4,565 1, % 4,955 2, % 165 Delta 10,345 2, % 12,085 2, % 14,560 2, % 425 Richmond 18,570 3, % 21,365 4, % 25,090 4, % 740 Greater Vancouver A % % % 60 Vancouver 65,660 20, % 71,045 20, % 75,360 21, % 1,545 Burnaby 23,850 6, % 26,445 7, % 28,955 7, % 405 New Westminster 7,175 3, % 7,405 2, % 8,345 3, % 260 Coquitlam 10,235 2, % 11,975 2, % 14,130 2, % 390 Belcarra % % % 15 Anmore % % % -15 Port Coquitlam 3, % 4,205 1, % 5,375 1, % 260 Port Moody 1, % 2, % 2, % 295 North Vancouver 9,450 2, % 10,640 2, % 12,445 2, % 690 North Vancouver City 5,445 2, % 5,890 2, % 6,355 2, % 245 West Vancouver 8,585 2, % 9,210 2, % 10,265 2, % 405 Bowen Island % % % 20 Lions Bay % % % 10 Pitt Meadows 1, % 1, % 2, % 150 Maple Ridge 6,315 1, % 7,400 2, % 8,635 2, % 425 SLRD 2, % 2, % 3, % 220 Squamish 1, % 1, % 1, % 95 Pemberton % % % -5 Whistler % % % 60 13

18 Figure 10: Percentage of seniors with a somewhat strong or very strong sense of community belonging, by health service delivery area, 2003 and % 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% % with belonging 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% British Colum bia Fraser N ort h Healt h Service Delivery Area Fraser Sout h Healt h Service Delivery Area Richm ond Healt h Service Delivery Area V ancouver Healt h Service Delivery Area N ort h Shore/ Coast Garibaldi Healt h Service Delivery Area % 66.5% 73.4% 71.9% 64.1% 79.3% % 84.5% 66.4% 67.1% 76.5% 82.6% In 2011, 73.8% of British Columbian seniors had a somewhat strong or very strong sense of community belonging, a similar percentage to (72.5%) 28, 29, 30 (figure 10). In 2011, the highest rates of a sense of community belonging were in Fraser North (84.5%) and North Shore/Coast Garibaldi (82.6%) and the lowest rates were in Fraser South (66.4%) and Richmond (67.1%). Fraser North had a very large increase in the percentage of seniors with a somewhat strong or very strong sense of community belonging from 2003 (66.5%) to 2011 (84.5%). 14

19 Housing Choices In 2006, 116,245 out of 152,845 senior-led households in Metro Vancouver (76.1%) owned their dwellings 31 (figure 11). This represented a slight increase from the 74.7% of senior households in Metro Vancouver in This figure, however, was lower than the percentage of senior-led households in the SLRD that owned their dwellings in 2006, where 1,300 out of 1,485 senior-led households owned their dwellings (87.5%). Figure 11: Total number of senior-led households, by housing tenure, and the percentage of all senior-led households, SLRD and Metro Vancouver, 2001 and Total Own %Own Rent %Rent Total Own %Own Rent %Rent Metro Vancouver 138, , % 35, % 152, , % 36, % SLRD 1,295 1, % % 1,485 1, % % The proportion of senior home owners with a mortgage as a percentage of all senior home owners increased from 17.7% in 2001 to 22.0% in 2006 in Metro Vancouver 32 (figure 12). At the same time, only 26,160 senior home owners in 2006 had a mortgage compared to 92,695 senior home owners who did not have a mortgage. In 2006, most senior home owners with a mortgage were 65 to 74 years old (17,355 out of the 26,160 senior homeowners with a mortgage), while most senior home owners without a mortgage were 75+ years old (47,675 out of the 92,695 senior homeowners without a mortgage). 27.8% of senior home owners ages years old had a mortgage in 2006, compared to 15.6% of senior home owners ages 75+ years old. Figure 12: Total number of senior home owners with and without a mortgage, Metro Vancouver, by age group, 2001 and 2006 Total With mortgage % with Without % without With % with mortgage mortgage mortgage Total mortgage mortgage Without mortgage % without mortgage 65 to 74 years old 57,175 12, % 44, % 62,370 17, % 45, % 75+ years old 48,060 6, % 41, % 56,480 8, % 47, % Total Seniors 105,235 18, % 86, % 118,850 26, % 92, % 15

20 Out of the 293,195 seniors in Metro Vancouver who lived in private dwellings in , 34, 125,755 of them (42.9%) lived in single-detached houses without secondary suites (figure 13). This was followed by 58,385 seniors who lived in low rise apartments (19.9%), 41,435 seniors who lived in either secondary suites or houses with secondary suites (14.1%), 35,655 seniors who lived in mid to high rise apartments (12.2%) and 31,965 seniors who lived in other dwelling types (10.9%). The proportion of seniors who lived in single-detached houses in Metro Vancouver (42.9%) was considerably lower than the proportion for B.C. as a whole (54.6% of seniors in private dwellings) and in the SLRD (61.9% of seniors in private dwellings). Among municipalities, Lions Bay (93.5% of seniors in private dwellings), Bowen Island (88.3%), Belcarra (78.3%) and Anmore (71.0%) had the highest proportions of seniors living in single-detached houses without secondary suites. New Westminster (35.2% of seniors in private dwellings), North Vancouver City (27.9%), Greater Vancouver A (25.5%) and West Vancouver (24.1%) had the highest proportions of seniors living in mid to high rise apartments among the municipalities. Pemberton (38.5% of seniors in private dwellings), Vancouver (21.2%) and Whistler (20.2%) had the highest proportions of seniors living in secondary suites or houses with secondary suites among the municipalities. Langley City (60.6% of seniors in private dwellings), White Rock (47.4%), North Vancouver City (30.5%) and New Westminster (30.2%) had the highest proportions of seniors living in low rise apartments among the municipalities. Whistler (27.3% of seniors in private dwellings), Pitt Meadows (26.4%), Langley District (25.6%) and Pemberton (23.1%) had the highest proportions of seniors living in other dwellings among the municipalities. Figure 13: Total number of seniors living in different housing types and their percentage of all seniors in private dwellings, by municipality, 2011 Single- Total detached houses without Secondary Suites Mid to High Rise Apartments Secondary Suites/Houses with Secondary Suites Low Rise Apartments Others British Columbia 643, ,370 43,395 (6.7%) 57,370 (8.9%) 107,015 84,260 (13.1%) Metro Vancouver , ,755 35,655 (12.2%) 41,435 (14.1%) 58,385 (19.9%) 31,965 (10.9%) Langley District 13,155 7,125 (54.2%) 0 (0.0%) 1,130 (8.6%) 1,535 (11.7%) 3,365 (25.6%) Langley City 3, (21.1%) 10 (0.3%) 165 (4.4%) 2,255 (60.6%) 505 (13.6%) Surrey 53,505 24,310 (45.4%) 1,010 (1.9%) 9,185 (17.2%) 10,425 (19.5%) 8,575 (16.0%) White Rock 4,955 1,230 (24.8%) 760 (15.3%) 490 (9.9%) 2,350 (47.4%) 125 (2.5%) Delta 14,565 9,300 (63.9%) 290 (2.0%) 1,620 (11.1%) 2,220 (15.2%) 1,135 (7.8%) Richmond 25,090 11,400 (45.4%) 2,280 (9.1%) 1,470 (5.9%) 5,345 (21.3%) 4,595 (18.3%) Greater Vancouver A (29.3%) 240 (25.5%) 30 (3.2%) 260 (27.7%) 135 (14.4%) Vancouver 75,360 25,600 (34.0%) 14,380 (19.1%) 15,945 (21.1%) 15,845 (21.0%) 3,590 (4.8%) Burnaby 28,955 11,105 (38.4%) 6,135 (21.2%) 4,390 (15.2%) 4,855 (16.8%) 2,470 (8.5%) New Westminster 8,340 1,805 (21.6%) 2,935 (35.2%) 775 (9.3%) 2,515 (30.2%) 310 (3.7%) Coquitlam 14,130 7,465 (52.8%) 1,015 (7.2%) 1,630 (11.5%) 2,740 (19.4%) 1,280 (9.1%) Belcarra (78.3%) 0 (0.0%) 20 (17.4%) 0 (0.0%) 5 (4.3%) Anmore (71.0%) 0 (0.0%) 20 (12.9%) 0 (0.0%) 25 (16.1%) Port Coquitlam 5,375 2,705 (50.3%) 0 (0.0%) 700 (13.0%) 1,155 (21.5%) 815 (15.2%) Port Moody 2,890 1,335 (46.2%) 400 (13.8%) 260 (9.0%) 430 (14.9%) 465 (16.1%) North Vancouver District 12,450 7,510 (60.3%) 950 (7.6%) 1,360 (10.9%) 1,540 (12.4%) 1,090 (8.8%) North Vancouver City 6,360 1,390 (21.9%) 1,775 (27.9%) 575 (9.0%) 1,940 (30.5%) 680 (10.7%) West Vancouver 10,260 5,370 (52.3%) 2,475 (24.1%) 620 (6.0%) 1,150 (11.2%) 645 (6.3%) Bowen Island (88.3%) 0 (0.0%) 15 (2.9%) 10 (1.9%) 35 (6.8%) Lions Bay (93.5%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 5 (2.2%) 10 (4.3%) Pitt Meadows 2, (44.7%) 10 (0.5%) 220(10.5%) 380 (18.1%) 555 (26.4%) Maple Ridge 8,640 4,690 (54.3%) 575 (6.7%) 800 (9.3%) 1,360 (15.7%) 1,215 (14.1%) SLRD 36 3,140 1,945 (61.9%) 10 (0.3%) 210 (6.7%) 375 (11.9%) 600 (19.1%) Squamish 1, (59.0%) 10 (0.7%) 70 (4.6%) 285 (18.7%) 260 (17.0%) Pemberton (23.1%) 0 (0.0%) 25 (38.5%) 10 (15.4%) 15 (23.1%) Whistler (41.4%) 0 (0.0%) 100 (20.2%) 55 (11.1%) 135 (27.3%) 16

21 Housing Affordability and Homelessness In Metro Vancouver in 2006, 29,695 out of 152,845 senior-led households were in core housing need (19.4% of senior-led households 37 (figure 14). This represented a slight decrease from 1996 (20.5%) and 2001 (20.2%). 13,485 out of 116,245 senior-led home owner households were in core housing need in 2006 (11.6%) a similar proportion to 2001 (11.7%), but higher than in 1996 (9.1%). 16,210 out of 36,605 senior-led renter households were in core housing need in 2006 (44.3%), lower than the proportions in 1996 (48.5%) and 2001 (45.4%). Figure 14: Total number of senior-led households in core housing need, by tenure, Metro Vancouver, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Total Core Housing Core Housing Core Housing Need % Total Need % Total Need % Total 125,635 25, % 138,610 27, % 152,845 29, % Owners 89,320 8, % 103,595 12, % 116,245 13, % Renters 36,315 17, % 35,015 15, % 36,605 16, % In 2012, the average 1 bedroom apartment unit rent in Vancouver CMA was $982/month (figure 15). When accounting for inflation, this represents a $84 (or 9.3%) increase in average monthly rents between 2006 and The largest percentage increases in average rents between 2006 and 2012 (when adjusting for inflation) were in North Vancouver District (12.3%), Vancouver City (11.7%) and North Vancouver City (8.4%). The highest average 1 bedroom apartment unit rents in 2012 were in West Vancouver ($1,247/month), Vancouver City ($1,067/month) and North Vancouver District ($1,021/month), while the lowest average rents were in Maple Ridge/Pitt Meadows ($709/month), Squamish CA ($714/month) and Surrey ($723/month). Figure 15: Average monthly rents for 1 bedroom apartment units, for Metro Vancouver sub-regions and Squamish CA, 2006 and 2012, total change (in 2012 dollars) and percentage change 2006 average rent (adjusted for inflation, in 2012 dollars) Total change in average rent, , (adjusted for inflation, in average rent 2006 average rent (in 2012 dollars) 38, 39 dollars) Vancouver CMA $816 $898 $982 $84 9.3% Vancouver City $868 $955 $1,067 $ % Burnaby $762 $839 $888 $49 5.9% New Westminster $685 $754 $801 $47 6.3% North Vancouver City $802 $883 $957 $74 8.4% North Vancouver District $826 $909 $1,021 $ % West Vancouver $1,064 $1,171 $1,247 $76 6.5% Richmond $821 $904 $947 $43 4.8% Delta $677 $745 $776 $31 4.2% Surrey $655 $721 $723 $2 0.3% White Rock $740 $814 $840 $26 3.1% Langley City and Langley DM $708 $779 $757 -$22-2.8% Tri-Cities $695 $765 $794 $29 3.8% Maple Ridge/Pitt Meadows $602 $663 $709 $46 7.0% Squamish CA $613 $675 $714 $39 5.8% % change in average rent, (adjusted for inflation, using 2012 dollars) 17

22 The 2011 census indicated that Metro Vancouver had 312,895 seniors (figure 16). Based on the BC Housing Registry listings for seniors and disabled person housing and excluding co-operative housing units listed on the Registry, the Metro Vancouver had 20,980 seniors social housing units in June 2012, or approximately 7 seniors social housing units per 100 seniors. The 2011 census indicated that SLRD had 3,265 seniors in Based on the BC Housing Registry listings for seniors and disabled person housing and excluding co-operative housing units listed on the Registry, the SLRD had 470 seniors social housing units in June 2012, or approximately 5 seniors social housing units per 100 seniors. As of June 2012, Vancouver (11,065 units) had the largest number of seniors social housing units, followed by Burnaby (2,828), Surrey (1,323) and Richmond (1,036). The highest number of seniors social housing units per 100 seniors can be found in Pemberton (46), Vancouver (14), Langley City (14), Burnaby (9), New Westminster (9) and Port Coquitlam (9). Figure 16: Number of social housing units in seniors housing registry (June 2012) and number of seniors (2011), by municipality Total number of social Total number of seniors social housing units 40, 41 Total number of seniors 42 housing units per 100 seniors Metro Vancouver 20, ,895 7 Langley District ,880 1 Langley City 592 4, Surrey 1,323 56,570 2 White Rock 189 5,690 3 Delta ,455 3 Richmond 1,036 26,005 4 Greater Vancouver A 0 1,170 0 Vancouver 11,065 81, Burnaby 2,828 30,900 9 New Westminster 806 8,835 9 Coquitlam ,075 3 Belcarra Anmore Port Coquitlam 504 5,710 9 Port Moody 94 3,005 3 North Vancouver District ,125 3 North Vancouver City 442 6,725 7 West Vancouver ,875 3 Bowen Island Lions Bay Pitt Meadows 0 2,100 0 Maple Ridge 356 9,210 4 SLRD 165 3,265 5 Squamish 100 1,645 6 Pemberton Whistler

23 Although most seniors do not live in social housing, with other factors remaining equal, the greater the number of seniors, the more seniors social housing is needed. Neither the number of seniors nor the number of seniors social housing facilities were distributed evenly in Metro Vancouver as of 2012 (figure 17). Downtown Vancouver and the surrounding neighbourhoods of Kitsilano, Fairview, Mount Pleasant, West End, Strathcona, Downtown Eastside, and Grandview-Woodland had the largest concentration of seniors social housing (with 7,687 seniors social housing units 43, 44 ) and a large number of seniors (26,980 seniors in total 45 ) (figures 17 and 18). Downtown Port Coquitlam, White Rock/South Surrey, uptown New Westminster, the Edmonds area of Burnaby, Richmond City Centre, Langley City and South Vancouver also have large numbers of seniors and a large number of seniors social housing units. South Delta, West Vancouver, South Langley District and North Burnaby also have large numbers of seniors in their census tracts but do not have large concentrations of seniors social housing units. Figure 17: Distribution of seniors social housing facilities and number of seniors, by census tracts in Metro Vancouver,

24 Figure 18: Distribution of seniors social housing facilities and number of seniors, by census tracts in Downtown Vancouver and surrounding neighbourhoods, 2011 As of 2012, Downtown Vancouver and its surrounding neighbourhoods have the largest concentration of seniors social housing in Metro Vancouver. 46,47 Large numbers of seniors also live in these areas, particularly in the False Creek South area, parts of the West End, and Strathcona 48 (figure 18). Seniors social housing units are located throughout Downtown Vancouver and its surrounding areas, but are particularly concentrated in Strathcona, the Downtown Eastside, and Yaletown. 20

25 The number of households on the seniors and persons with disabilities waiting list for seniors social housing for Metro Vancouver increased by 1,408 households between 2009 and 2012 from 3,141 households to 4,549 households 49,50,51 (a 44.8% increase) (figure 19). In 2012, Vancouver, Burnaby, Surrey, Richmond, North Vancouver, New Westminster and Coquitlam all had over 100 households on this waiting list. Vancouver, Burnaby (an increase of 163 households), Surrey, Richmond and Coquitlam had increases of over 100 households on this waiting list between 2009 and Figure 19: Number of households on seniors and persons with disabilities waiting list, by municipality, Change, % change, Metro Vancouver 3,141 3,566 4,121 4,549 1, % Anmore N/A Belcarra N/A Bowen Island N/A Burnaby % Coquitlam % Delta % Langley % Lions Bay N/A Maple Ridge % New Westminster % North Vancouver % Pitt Meadows % Port Coquitlam % Port Moody % Richmond % Surrey % Vancouver 1,575 1,729 2,004 2, % West Vancouver % White Rock % 21

26 The total number of homeless seniors in Metro Vancouver increased from 32 in both 2005 and 2008 to 58 in , 53 (figure 20). The number of street homeless seniors in 2011 (9) represented a large decrease from 2005 (17) and 2008 (18). However, the shelter homeless seniors in 2011 (49) represented a large increase from 2005 (15) and 2008 (14). Figure 20: Number of street, shelter, and total homeless seniors, Metro Vancouver, 2005, 2008, and % change, total change, % change, Street % % -9 Shelter % % 35 Total % % 26 total change, In addition to the 58 homeless seniors in 2011, there were 210 homeless near-seniors (ages years old) (figure 21). Homeless count organizers often include those homeless individuals years old in with seniors 65+ years old for the analysis of characteristics. 54 As with street homeless seniors, the number of street homeless near-seniors was lower in 2011 (51) than in 2005 (83) and 2008 (93). 55 As with shelter homeless seniors, the number of shelter homeless near-seniors was higher in 2011 (159) than in 2005 (56) and 2008 (87). Figure 21: Number of street, shelter and total homeless near-seniors (55-64 years old), Metro Vancouver, 2005, 2008, and % change, total change, % change, Street % % -42 Shelter % % 72 Total % % 30 total change, In 2011, there were 268 homeless seniors and near-seniors in Metro Vancouver. 201 of these homeless seniors and near-seniors in Metro Vancouver responded to the count survey that was administered by count volunteers and staff. 56 Among these 201 homeless seniors and near-seniors, 155 (77%) were male, while 46 (23%) were female. 48% of all homeless seniors and near-seniors had been homeless for one year or more % of all homeless seniors and near-seniors were identified in Vancouver, with another 20% being identified in Surrey. 22

27 Income Median total annual incomes for senior-led couple families in 2010 were $56,560 in Metro Vancouver and $59,970 in Squamish CA 58 (figure 22). The largest number of senior-led couple families in Metro Vancouver had total annual incomes in the $20,000-$29,999 range (13.9%), followed by the $100,000-$149,999 range (12.7%) and the $30,000-$39,999 range (12.5%). The largest number of senior-led couple families in the Squamish CA had total annual incomes in the $50,000-$59,999 range (15.8%), followed by the $40,000-$49,999 range (14.0%) and the $60,000-$69,999 and $100,000-$149,999 range (at 12.3% each). Median total annual incomes for senior persons not in census families in 2010 was $22,370 in Metro Vancouver and $24,280 in Squamish CA. The largest number of senior persons not in census families in Metro Vancouver had total annual incomes in the $10,000-$19,999 range (36.4%), followed by the $20,000-$29,999 range (23.1%) and the $30,000-$39,999 range (12.3%). The largest number of senior persons not in census families in Squamish CA had total annual incomes in the $10,000-$19,999 range (31.1%), followed by the $20,000-$29,999 range (29.5%) and the $30,000-$39,999 range (14.8%). Figure 22: Number of senior-led households, by household annual income range (and median household income), for couple families and individuals not in census families, Metro Vancouver and Squamish CA, 2010 Metro Vancouver Squamish CA Couple families Persons not in census families 59 Couple families 60 Persons not in census families 61 Totals % Totals % Totals % Totals % $0 to $9,999 4, % 4, % % % $10,000-$19,999 3, % 40, % % % $20,000-$29,999 14, % 25, % % % $30,000-$39,999 13, % 13, % % % $40,000-$49,999 10, % 8, % % % $50,000-$59,999 9, % 5, % % % $60,000-$69,999 8, % N/A N/A % N/A N/A $70,000-$79,999 7, % N/A N/A % N/A N/A $80,000-$89,999 5, % N/A N/A % N/A N/A $90,000-$99,999 4, % N/A N/A % N/A N/A $100,000-$149,999 13, % N/A N/A % N/A N/A $150,000-$199,999 4, % N/A N/A % N/A N/A $200,000-$249,999 1, % N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A $250,000+ 3, % N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Totals 105, % 110, % % % $75, , % 7, % % % Median total income $56,560 N/A $22,370 N/A $59,970 N/A $24,280 N/A 23

28 In 2010 in Metro Vancouver, over 3 in 5 female seniors had a total income of less than $25, (figure 23). In comparison, less than half of all male seniors in Metro Vancouver had a total income of less than $25,000. In Squamish CA, there were larger differences in income distribution between male and female seniors than in Metro Vancouver: the highest percentage of female seniors (55.4%) in the Squamish CA had total incomes of between $10,000 and $24,999, whereas the highest percentage of male seniors (44.9%) had total incomes of between $25,000 and $49,999. Figure 23: Income distribution among male and female seniors, Metro Vancouver and Squamish CA, 2010 Metro Vancouver Squamish CA Males Females Males 63 Females 64 Totals % Totals % Totals % Totals % Less than $10,000 7, % 13, % N/A N/A N/A N/A $10,000-$24,999 52, % 88, % % % $25,000-$49,999 40, % 41, % % % $50,000-$74,999 17, % 12, % % % $75,000-$99,999 6, % 3, % % N/A N/A $100,000-$149,999 4, % 2, % % N/A N/A $150,000-$199,999 1, % % N/A N/A N/A N/A $200,000-$249, % % N/A N/A N/A N/A $250,000 and over 1, % % N/A N/A N/A N/A Total persons with income 133, , In 2010 in Metro Vancouver, 274,960 seniors had OAS (Old Age Security) as a source of income, followed by CPP (Canada Pension Plan) (250,640) and private pensions (158,790) 65, 66 (figure 24). The number of seniors with employment income as a source of income more than doubled from 38,380 in 2000 to 83,320 in Figure 24: Number of seniors with and without various income sources, Metro Vancouver, 2000, 2005, and With source of With source income of income Without source of income Without source of income With source of income Without source of income Total income 233, , ,620 0 Employment 38, ,100 55, ,910 83, ,300 Investment Income 152,780 80, , , , ,540 OAS 209,630 23, ,480 20, ,960 21,660 CPP 185,760 47, ,910 46, ,640 45,980 Private Pension 122, , , , , ,830 RRSP 25, ,670 27, ,390 25, ,410 24

29 The percentage of seniors with employment income as an income source increased from 16.4% in 2000 to 28.1% in , 68 (figure 25). The percentage of seniors with OAS as an income source (89.8% in 2000 to 92.7% in 2010) and CPP (79.6% in 2000 to 84.5% in 2010) also increased, while the percentage of seniors with private pension as an income source was fairly static (52.5% in 2000 and 53.5% in 2010). The percentage of seniors with investment income as an income source declined between 2000 and 2010 (65.4% in 2000 to 58.0% in 2010), as did the percentage of seniors with RRSPs as an income source (11.1% in 2000 to 8.5% in 2010). Figure 25: Percentage of seniors with various income sources, Metro Vancouver, 2000, 2005 and

30 Language In 2011, 44,785 seniors in Metro Vancouver (15.0% of Metro Vancouver Seniors) could not speak English, 69 with the largest numbers of seniors that could not speak English in Vancouver (17,740), Surrey (9,630), Richmond (6,205) and Burnaby (5,140) (figure 26). In 2011, 100 SLRD seniors (3.1% of SLRD seniors) could not speak English. Richmond (24.4%) and Vancouver (22.9%) had the highest proportions of seniors who could not speak English. Figure 26: Number of seniors who could not speak English, by municipality,

31 In 2011, the most common mother tongue for Metro Vancouver seniors was English (153,905; 51% of all seniors), followed by Cantonese (21,035; 7%) and Chinese (18,560; 6%) 70 (figure 27). In the SLRD, the most common mother tongue was also English (2,315; 72%), followed by German (190; 6%) and Panjabi (150; 5%). In every Metro Vancouver municipality and in Squamish, Pemberton, and Whistler, English was the most common mother tongue among seniors. German was the 2 nd most common mother tongue in 14 municipalities, followed by Panjabi (4 municipalities), Chinese (3 municipalities), Cantonese (2 municipalities), and Persian/Farsi (1 municipality). Figure 27: Top three mother tongues for seniors (number of seniors and percentage of all seniors), by municipality, 2011 Total Seniors 71 Most Common Mother Tongue 2 nd Most Common Mother Tongue 3rd Most Common Mother Tongue British Columbia 659,950 English (433,795; 66%) German (35,495; 5%) Panjabi (23,540; 4%) Metro Vancouver ,145 English (153,905; 51%) Cantonese (21,035; 7%) Chinese (18,560; 6%) Langley District 13,345 English (10,045; 75%) German (870; 7%) Dutch (465; 3%) Langley City 3,910 English (3,050; 78%) German (185; 5%) French (120; 3%) Surrey 54,650 English (27,640; 51%) Panjabi (11,075; 20%) German (2,580; 5%) White Rock 5,085 English (3,930; 77%) German (320; 6%) French (125; 2%) Delta 14,810 English (9,805; 66%) Panjabi (1,440; 10%) German (800; 5%) Richmond 25,445 English (9,195; 36%) Cantonese (4,215; 17%) Chinese (3,645; 14%) Greater Vancouver A 1,000 English (635; 64%) Chinese (70; 7%) Cantonese (40; 4%) 73 Vancouver 77,600 English (29,855; 38%) Cantonese (12,305; 16%) Chinese (9,410; 12%) Burnaby 29,480 English (11,255; 38%) Chinese (2,710; 9%) Cantonese (2,695; 9%) New Westminster 8,395 English (5,390; 64%) Panjabi (365; 4%) German (275; 3%) Coquitlam 14,290 English (7,495; 52%) Chinese (770; 5%) Cantonese (715; 5%) Belcarra 115 English (95; 83%) N/A 74 N/A Anmore 150 English (100; 67%) N/A 75 N/A Port Coquitlam 5,480 English (3,355; 61%) German (250; 5%) Chinese (185; 3%) Port Moody 2,925 English (1,965; 67%) German (120; 4%) Persian/Farsi (75; 3%) North Vancouver District 12,560 English (8,655; 69%) German (770; 6%) Persian/Farsi (490; 4%) North Vancouver City 6,465 English (4,115; 64%) Persian/Farsi (380; 6%) German (320; 5%) West Vancouver 10,340 English (7,475; 72%) German (585; 6%) Persian/Farsi (425; 4%) Bowen Island 525 English (450; 86%) German (35; 7%) N/A 76 Lions Bay 230 English (170; 74%) German (25; 11%) N/A 77 Pitt Meadows 2,110 English (1,480; 70%) German (95; 5%) Panjabi (75; 4%) Maple Ridge 8,840 English (6,635; 75%) German (415; 5%) Dutch (245; 3%) SLRD 78 3,195 English (2,315; 72%) German (190; 6%) Panjabi (150; 5%) Squamish 1,580 English (1,050; 66%) Panjabi (145; 9%) German (105;7%) Pemberton 65 English (55; 85%) N/A 79 N/A Whistler 500 English (405; 81%) German (35; 7%) N/A 80 27

32 Health and Health Care In 2006, 135,205 of Metro Vancouver s 256,660 seniors had activity limitations, constituting 52.7% of the senior population 81, 82 (figure 28). In the SLRD, 1,280 out of 2,475 seniors (51.7%) reported having activity limitations. These proportions were both slightly lower than the provincial average for seniors (54.4%). In Metro Vancouver (and the SLRD and almost all municipalities), the proportion of seniors ages 75 years and over with activity limitations (65.7%) was considerably higher than the proportion of seniors ages 65 to 74 years old with activity limitations (41.7%). Vancouver had the largest total number of seniors with activity limitations (36,315), followed by Surrey (23,565), Burnaby (14,425) and Richmond (10,600). Langley City (62.9%), Pemberton (60.0%), North Vancouver City (59.0%) and White Rock (58.5%) had the highest proportions of their seniors who had activity limitations. Figure 28: Number of seniors with activity limitations and their percentage of all seniors, by municipality, by age, to 74 years 75 years+ Seniors Total W/activity limitations Total W/activity limitations Total W/activity limitations British Columbia 308, , , , , ,160 Metro Vancouver ,265 58,040 (41.7%) 117,395 77,165 (65.7%) 256, ,205 Langley District 5,940 2,630 (44.3%) 4,860 3,320 (68.3%) 10,800 5,950 (55.1%) Langley City 1, (52.3%) 2,125 1,500 (70.6%) 3,665 2,305 (62.9%) Surrey 24,330 10,940 (45.0%) 19,095 12,625 (66.1%) 43,425 23,565 (54.3%) White Rock 2, (42.7%) 2,555 1,815 (71.0%) 4,570 2,675 (58.5%) Delta 6,790 2,755 (40.6%) 5,295 3,505 (66.2%) 12,085 6,260 (51.8%) Richmond 11,885 4,590 (38.6%) 9,485 6,010 (63.4%) 21,370 10,600 (49.6%) Greater Vancouver A (25.6%) (42.3%) (33.1%) Vancouver 37,985 15,285 (40.2%) 33,060 21,030 (63.6%) 71,045 36,315 (51.1%) Burnaby 14,385 6,140 (42.7%) 12,065 8,285 (68.7%) 26,450 14,425 (54.5%) New Westminster 3,650 1,735 (47.5%) 3,755 2,500 (66.6%) 7,405 4,235 (57.2%) Coquitlam 6,925 3,115 (45.0%) 5,045 3,430 (68.0%) 11,970 6,545 (54.7%) Belcarra (18.2%) 15 0 (0.0%) (14.3%) Anmore (53.3%) (80.0%) (60.0%) Port Coquitlam 2,600 1,120 (43.1%) 1,605 1,085 (67.6%) 4,205 2,205 (52.4%) Port Moody 1, (36.9%) (57.3%) 2, (44.3%) North Vancouver District 5,880 2,055 (34.9%) 4,760 3,065 (64.4%) 10,640 5,120 (48.1%) North Vancouver City 2,950 1,305 (44.2%) 2,945 2,175 (73.9%) 5,895 3,480 (59.0%) West Vancouver 4,390 1,240 (28.2%) 4,815 3,085 (64.1%) 9,205 4,325 (47.0%) Bowen Island (43.8%) (71.4%) (55.4%) Lions Bay (43.5%) (53.8%) (47.2%) Pitt Meadows 1, (46.0%) (64.2%) 1, (53.7%) Maple Ridge 4,125 1,930 (46.8%) 3,275 2,190 (66.9%) 7,400 4,120 (55.7%) SLRD 84 1, (41.3%) (70.9%) 2,475 1,280 (51.7%) Squamish (43.8%) (67.7%) 1, (53.5%) Pemberton 20 0 (0.0%) (100.0%) (60.0%) Whistler (21.2%) (66.7%) (32.9%) 28

33 In 2010, 66.7% of British Columbian seniors had good to full functional health 85, 86, 87 (figure 29). In the health service delivery areas representing Metro Vancouver and the SLRD, Fraser North (70.7%), Fraser South (68.9%) Richmond (72.7%) and North Shore/Coast Garibaldi (70.7%) all had higher rates of good to full functional health than the British Columbian average. Vancouver (57.5%) had a lower rate of good to full functional health than the British Columbian average. Figure 29: Functional health (good to full), among seniors, by health service delivery area, 2010 In 2011, 95.1% of seniors in British Columbia had a regular medical doctor 88, 89, 90, 91 ( family doctor ), down slightly from the highest level of 97.6% in 2005 (figure 30). The percentage of seniors having a regular medical doctor in each health service delivery area has remained above 90% in 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, and

34 Figure 30: Percentage of seniors with a regular medical doctor, by health service delivery area, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, and British Columbia 96.5% 97.6% 96.7% 96.5% 95.1% Fraser North Health Service Delivery Area 95.0% 97.3% 97.8% 94.4% 95.3% Fraser South Health Service Delivery Area 96.2% 97.5% 96.5% 96.8% 95.7% Richmond Health Service Delivery Area 97.7% 98.2% 97.0% 97.8% 91.6% Vancouver Health Service Delivery Area 97.5% 97.8% 97.6% 96.2% 94.1% North Shore/Coast Garibaldi Health Service Delivery Area 96.0% 98.1% 93.1% 98.0% 97.0% In 2009, 92.7% of British Columbian seniors had contact with a medical doctor within the past 12 months 92, 93, 94, 95, similar to 2003 (92.0%), 2005 (93.2%), and 2007 (91.7%) (figure 31). In 2009, Vancouver seniors (95.8%) were the most likely to have had contact with a medical doctor in the past 12 months, while Fraser North seniors (90.8%) were the least likely. Figure 31: Percentage of seniors who had contact with a medical doctor within the past 12 months, by health service delivery area, 2003, 2005, 2007, and British Columbia 92.0% 93.2% 91.7% 92.7% Fraser North Health Service Delivery Area 92.0% 92.9% 96.1% 90.8% Fraser South Health Service Delivery Area 93.5% 96.3% 92.8% 91.3% Richmond Health Service Delivery Area 91.4% 97.0% 97.4% 94.1% Vancouver Health Service Delivery Area 92.1% 92.4% 92.3% 95.8% North Shore/Coast Garibaldi Health Service Delivery Area 93.8% 94.3% 90.6% 93.2% The number of specialist physicians per 100,000 people in British Columbia increased from 90 in to 96 in 2010, which remained below the Canadian average of 101 in , 98, 99, 100 (figure 32). Of the local health service delivery areas in Metro Vancouver and SLRD, Vancouver had the highest number of specialist physicians per 100,000 people in both 2002 (260) and 2010 (264), while Fraser South had the lowest per capita in both 2002 (45) and 2010 (48). 30

35 Figure 32: Specialist physicians (per 100,000 people), by health service delivery area, 2002 and 2010 In 2012, 90% of hip replacement surgeries in B.C. were completed by 31.1 weeks from initial referral 101, 102, 103, 104, compared to a target of 90% completion by 26 weeks (figure 33). Longest completion times in Metro Vancouver and the SLRD were at Burnaby Hospital (38.2 weeks) and Surrey Memorial Hospital (34.9 weeks), while the shortest times were at Ridge Meadows Hospital (5.9 weeks) and Royal Columbian Hospital (7.6 weeks). Figure 33: Time (from receiving case to completing surgery) by which 90% of hip replacement surgeries had been completed, compared to benchmark waiting times, by hospital, 2012 Hospital/Area Weeks Burnaby Hospital (Burnaby) 38.2 Surrey Memorial Hospital (Surrey) 34.9 Peace Arch Hospital (White Rock) 33.0 B.C Vancouver General Hospital (Vancouver) 28.4 Lions Gate Hospital (North Vancouver) 27.3 Langley Memorial Hospital (Langley District) 27.2 UBC Health Sciences Centre (Greater Vancouver A) 27.1 Target 26.0 Eagle Ridge Hospital (Port Moody) 24.6 St.Paul's Hospital (Vancouver) 21.4 Richmond Hospital (Richmond) 15.4 Royal Columbian Hospital (New West) 7.6 Ridge Meadows Hospital (Maple Ridge)

36 Residential Care and Assisted Living Although most old (age 85+ years) seniors do not live in residential care facilities or assisted living facilities (and not all of the seniors represented by the colours on this map live in such facilities), a significant number of seniors do live in such facilities. With other factors remaining equal, the greater number of older seniors in an area, the greater the need for seniors care and assisted living facilities. 105 As of 2012, there were 1,613 assisted living facility units and 8,791 community care facility beds in Metro Vancouver. 106 The South Surrey/White Rock area has both the largest concentrations of old seniors (with 1,635 older seniors in total 107 ) and the largest concentration of residential care and assisted living facilities (905 care facility beds and 178 assisted living units) (figures 34 and 35). The Edmonds area of Burnaby, New Westminster, Langley City, and the Oakridge and Fraserview areas of Vancouver have both high concentrations of old seniors and high concentrations of such facilities. The False Creek South/South Granville area of Vancouver and the Whalley area of Surrey both have high numbers of assisted living and care facility units, but not especially high numbers of older seniors. Conversely, South Delta, West Vancouver, and Burnaby s Metrotown area have large numbers of older seniors but not many such facilities. Figure 34: Distribution of seniors care and assisted living facilities (in 2012) and number of old seniors (85+; in 2011) by Metro Vancouver census tracts There are many smaller assisted living and residential care complexes spread out throughout White Rock/South Surrey (figure 35). The largest number of assisted living and care facilities are located along the northern border of White Rock with South Surrey, which is also the centre of a large concentration of old seniors. 32

37 Figure 35: Distribution of seniors care and assisted living facilities (in 2012) and number of old seniors (85+; in 2011) for South Surrey and White Rock census tracts In 2011, according to Canadian Business Patterns data, Metro Vancouver had 231 care facilities (nursing homes and community care facilities for the elderly) 108,109 (figure 36). This was approximately the same number as in 2010 (232) and 2009 (229). The number of facilities has increased considerably since 2002 (196) with a particularly large increase between 2006 and 2007 (197 to 211). The SLRD has had 2 care facilities from 2004 to Figure 36: Total number of seniors care facilities, Metro Vancouver and SLRD, Metro Vancouver SLRD In 2012, among all types of surveyed seniors housing in the Lower Mainland, heavy care suites had the lowest vacancy rate (7.9%) and bachelor (no bedroom) independent living units had the highest vacancy rate (17.4%) 110, 111 (figure 37). Vacancy rates for bachelor independent living units (11.7% in 2009 and 17.4% in 2012), 1 bedroom independent living units (7.1% in 2009 and 12.7% in 2012) and 2 bedroom independent living units (5.5% in 2009 and 12.0% in 2012) all increased between 2009 and Vacancy rates for heavy care suites decreased from 14.9% in 2009 to 7.9% in

38 Figure 37: Vacancy rates for heavy care suites, bachelor independent living suites, 1 bedroom independent living suites, and 2 bedroom independent living suites, Lower Mainland, % 18.0% 16.0% 14.0% Vacancy Rate 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% Heavy care 14.9% 10.2% 10.4% 7.9% Ba chelor ind. 11.7% 10.8% 12.4% 17.4% 1 bedroom ind. 7.1% 9.5% 8.8% 12.7% 2 bedroom ind. 5.5% 14.0% 11.9% 12.0% When adjusted for inflation, rents for heavy care suites, bachelor (no bedroom) independent living units, 1 bedroom independent living units and 2 bedroom independent living units all increased between 2009 and ,113 (figure 38). Heavy care suites had an especially large numerical increase, from $4,939/month in 2009 to $5,626/month in Heavy care suites had the highest average monthly rents in 2012 at $5,626/month, followed by 2 bedroom independent living units ($3,757/month), 1 bedroom independent living units ($2,983/month) and bachelor independent living units ($2,178/month). 34

39 Figure 38: Average monthly rents for heavy care suites, bachelor independent living units, 1 bedroom independent living units, and 2 bedroom independent living units, Lower Mainland, (in 2012 dollars) $6,000 $5,000 Average Rent (in 2012 $) $4,000 $3,000 $2,000 $1,000 $ Heavy care $4,939 $5,499 $5,469 $5,626 Bachelor ind. $2,130 $2,303 $2,097 $2,178 1 bedroom ind. $2,753 $2,937 $2,865 $2,983 2 bedroom ind. $3,663 $3,735 $3,617 $3,757 35

40 In 2012, 100.0% of all surveyed seniors housing buildings in the Lower Mainland provided 1 meal or more to their residents, while 90.1% provided 2 meals or more and 51.9% provided 3 meals or more (figure 39). The other most common amenity provided was a 24-hour call bell (94.3%) 114, 115. Having a registered nurse onsite (23.2%) and a pharmacy onsite (4.9%) were the least commonly provided surveyed services. Figure 39: Proportion of all independent living and heavy care facilities where various services are available, Lower Mainland, % 90.0% 80.0% % of facilities with amenities 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 1 meal or more 24-hour call bell 2 meals o r more 3 meals o r more Transport Services On-site medical services Registered nurse onsite Pharmacy Amenities 100.0% 94.3% 90.1% 51.9% 43.1% 38.1% 23.2% 4.9% 36