Dominican Republic. General Climate. Recent Climate Trends. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles. Temperature
|
|
|
- Angel Griffith
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles Dominican Republic C. McSweeney 1, M. New 1,2 and G. Lizcano 1 1. School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford. 2. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research General Climate The Dominican Republic makes up the eastern two thirds of the Caribbean Island of Hispaniola, located at a latitude of N. The Island experiences the year round warm, humid conditions associated with the Tropics. Seasonal mean temperatures range from C in the cooler months of December to February, to C in the warmer seasons JJA and SON. The wet season occurs through May to November, during which most regions receive mm per month. Inter annual variability in Caribbean climate is influenced strongly the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). El Niño episodes bring warmer and drier than average conditions between June and August and La Niña episodes bring colder and wetter conditions at this time. The Dominican Republic also lies in the heart of the Atlantic hurricane belt, where cyclones and hurricanes occur throughout August, September and October. Heavy rainfall associated with cyclones and hurricanes contributes significantly to wet season rainfall totals. The occurrence of hurricanes is strongly linked to ENSO, with more frequent hurricane activity associated with La Niña events, and less frequent events in El Niño years. Recent Climate Trends Temperature Mean annual temperature has increased by around 0.45 C since 1960, at an average rate of 0.1 C per decade. This warming is most rapid in the warmest seasons, JJA and SON. The frequency of hot days 1 and hot nights have increased significantly since 1960 in all seasons but DJF. o The average number of hot days per year in the Dominican Republic has increased by 63 (an additional 17.4% of days 2 ) between 1960 and The rate of increase is 1 Hot day or hot night is defined by the temperature exceeded on 10% of days or nights in current climate of that region and season. 1
2 o seen most strongly in JJA when the average number of hot JJA days has increased by 6.7 days per month (an additional 21.6% of JJA days) over this period. The average number of hot nights per year increased by 48 (an additional 13.2% of nights) between 1960 and The rate of increase is seen most strongly in SON when the average number of hot SON nights has increased by 7.3 days per month (an additional 23.4% of SON nights) over this period. The frequency of cold days 3 and nights has decreased significantly since 1960, annually in almost all seasons. o The average number of cold days per year has decreased by 30 (8.3% of days) between 1960 and This rate of decrease is most rapid in summer (JJA) when the average number of cold summer days has decreased by 4.6 days per month (14.7% of summer days) over this period. o The average number of cold nights per year has decreased by 31 (8.6% of days). This rate of decrease is most rapid in DJF when the average number of cold DJF nights has decreased by 3.2 nights per month (10.3% of DJF nights) over this period. Precipitation Mean rainfall over the Dominican Republic has decreased by 5.0mm per month (4.5%) per decade since This decrease is mainly due to decreases in JJA and SON rainfall, of 7.5 and 5.4 mm per month (6.4% and 3.7%) per decade respectively. There in insufficient data available to determine trends in the daily rainfall extremes. GCM Projections of Future Climate Temperature The mean annual temperature is projected to increase by 0.5 to 2.3 C by the 2060s, and 1.1 to 3.6 degrees by the 2090s. The range of projections by the 2090s under any one emissions scenario is around C. The projected rate of warming is most rapid in winter, DJF. All projections indicate substantial increases in the frequency of days and nights that are considered hot in current climate. o Annually, projections indicate that hot days will occur on 29 72% of days by the 2060s, and 32 98% of days by the 2090s. Days considered hot by current climate standards for their season are projected to increase even more rapidly, occurring on 100% of days in the season in some projections. o Nights that are considered hot for the annual climate of are projected to occur on 33 68% of nights by the 2060s and 39 98% of nights by the 2090s. Nights considered hot by current climate standards for their season are projected to 2 The increase in frequency over the 43 year period between 1960 and 2003 is estimated based on the decadal trend quoted in the summary table. 3 Cold days or cold nights are defined as the temperature below which 10% of days or nights are recorded in current climate of that region or season. 2
3 increase even more rapidly, occurring on 100% of days in the season in some projections. All projections indicate decreases in the frequency of days and nights that are considered cold in current climate. These events are expected to become exceedingly rare, not occurring at all in most projections. Precipitation Projections of mean annual rainfall from different models in the ensemble are broadly consistent in indicating decreases in rainfall for the Dominican Republic, largely to due to decreases in wet season (JJA) rainfall. Projected changes in JJA rainfall vary from ( 78 to +21%) by the 2090s. Annual changes range from 55 to +20%. The proportion of total rainfall that falls in heavy 4 events is projected to decrease by most models, with changes ranging from 29% to +8% by the 2090s. Maximum 1 and 5 day rainfalls tend to decrease in projections, particularly in JJA when the largest reductions in total rainfall are projected. Additional Regional Climate Change Information Tropical cyclones are poorly captured by GCMs and thus potential changes in intensity and tracks of tropical cyclones in the future are very uncertain. Whilst evidence indicates that tropical cyclones are likely to become, on the whole, more intense under a warmer climate as a result of higher sea surface temperatures, there is great uncertainty in changes in frequency, and changes to storm tracks and their interactions with other features of climate variability (such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation) which introduces uncertainty at the regional scale (Christensen et al., 2007). The uncertainty in potential changes in tropical cyclone contributes to uncertainties in future wet season rainfall. Potential increases in summer rainfall associated with tropical cyclone activity, which may not be captured in the GCM projections, may counteract the projected decreases in rainfall in the region (Christensen et al., 2007). The Caribbean Islands are vulnerable to sea level rise. Sea level in this region is projected by climate models to rise by the following levels 5 by the 2090s, relative to sea level: o 0.13 to 0.43m under SRES B1 o 0.16 to 0.53m under SRES A1B o 0.18 to 0.56m under SRES A2 For further information see Christensen et al. (2007) IPCC Working Group I Report: The Physical Science Basis, Chapter 11 (Regional Climate projections): Sections 11.6 (South and Central America), and 11.9 (Small Islands). 4 A Heavy event is defined as a daily rainfall total which exceeds the threshold that is exceeded on 5% of rainy days in current the climate of that region and season. 5 Taken from the IPCC Working group I (The Physical Science Basis): Chapter 10 (Global Climate Projections) (Meehl et al., 2007). Regional sea level projections are estimated by applying regional adjustments (Fig 10.32, p813) to projected global mean sea level rise from 14 AR4 models. 3
4 Data Summary Observed Mean Observed Trend Projected changes by the 2030s Projected changes by the 2060s Projected changes by the 2090s Min Median Max Min Median Max Min Median Max Temperature ( C) (change in C per decade) Change in C Change in C Change in C A Annual * A1B B A DJF A1B B A MAM A1B B A JJA * A1B B A SON * A1B B Precipitation (mm per month) (change in mm per decade) Change in mm per month Change in mm per month Change in mm per month A Annual * A1B B A DJF A1B B A MAM A1B B A JJA * A1B B A SON A1B B Precipitation (%) (mm per month) (change in % per decade) % Change % Change % Change A Annual * A1B B A DJF A1B B A MAM A1B B A JJA * A1B B A SON A1B B
5 Observed Mean Observed Trend Projected changes by the 2030s Projected changes by the 2060s Projected changes by the 2090s Min Median Max Min Median Max Min Median Max % Frequency Change in frequency per decade Future % frequency Future % frequency Frequency of Hot Days (TX90p) A2 **** **** **** Annual * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** DJF A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** MAM * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** JJA * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** SON * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** Frequency of Hot Nights (TN90p) A2 **** **** **** Annual * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** DJF * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** MAM * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** JJA * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** SON * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** Frequency of Cold Days (TX10p) A2 **** **** **** Annual * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** DJF A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** MAM * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** JJA * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** SON * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** Frequency of Cold Nights (TN10p) A2 **** **** **** Annual * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** DJF * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** MAM * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** JJA A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** SON * A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** ****
6 Observed Mean Observed Trend Projected changes by the 2030s Projected changes by the 2060s Projected changes by the 2090s Min Median Max Min Median Max Min Median Max % total rainfall falling in Heavy Events (R95pct) % Change in % per decade Change in % Change in % A2 **** **** **** Annual **** **** A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** DJF **** **** A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** MAM **** **** A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** JJA **** **** A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** SON **** **** A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** Maximum 1 day rainfall (RX1day) mm Change in mm per decade Change in mm Change in mm A2 **** **** **** Annual **** **** A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** DJF **** **** A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** MAM **** **** A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** JJA **** **** A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** SON **** **** A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** Maximum 5 day Rainfall (RX5day) mm Change in mm per decade Change in mm Change in mm A2 **** **** **** Annual **** **** A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** DJF **** **** A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** MAM **** **** A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** JJA **** **** A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** A2 **** **** **** SON **** **** A1B **** **** **** B1 **** **** **** * indicates trend is statistically significant at 95% confidence **** indicates data are not available 6
7 Figure 1: Trends in annual and seasonal mean temperature for the recent past and projected future. All values shown are anomalies, relative to the mean climate. Black curves show the mean of observed data from 1960 to 2006, Brown curves show the median (solid line) and range (shading) of model simulations of recent climate across an ensemble of 15 models. Coloured lines from 2006 onwards show the median (solid line) and range (shading) of the ensemble projections of climate under three emissions scenarios. Coloured bars on the right-hand side of the projections summarise the range of mean climates simulated by the 15 models for each emissions scenario. 7
8 Dominican Republic Figure 2: Spatial patterns of projected change in mean annual and seasonal temperature for 10-year periods in the future under the SRES A2 scenario. All values are anomalies relative to the mean climate of In each grid box, the central value gives the ensemble median and the values in the upper and lower corners give the ensemble maximum and minimum. 8
9 Figure 3: Trends in monthly precipitation for the recent past and projected future. All values shown are anomalies, relative to the mean climate. See Figure 1 for details. 9
10 Dominican Republic Figure 4: Spatial patterns of projected change in monthly precipitation for 10-year periods in the future under the SRES A2 scenario. All values are anomalies relative to the mean climate of See Figure 2 for details. 10
11 Figure 5: Trends in monthly precipitation for the recent past and projected future. All values shown are percentage anomalies, relative to the mean climate. See Figure 1 for details. 11
12 Dominican Republic Figure 6: Spatial patterns of projected change in monthly precipitation for 10-year periods in the future under the SRES A2 scenario. All values are percentage anomalies relative to the mean climate of See Figure 2 for details. 12
13 Figure 7: Trends in Hot-day frequency for the recent past and projected future. See Figure 1 for details. 13
14 Figure 8: Spatial patterns of projected change in Hot-day frequency for 10-year periods in the future under the SRES A2 scenario. See Figure 2 for details. 14
15 Figure 9: Trends in hot-night frequency for the recent past and projected future. See Figure 1 for details. 15
16 Figure 10: Spatial patterns of projected change in hot-night frequency for 10-year periods in the future under the SRES A2 scenario. See Figure 2 for details. 16
17 Figure 11: Trends in cold-day frequency for the recent past and projected future. See Figure 1 for details. 17
18 Figure 12: Spatial patterns of projected change in cold-day frequency for 10-year periods in the future under the SRES A2 scenario. See Figure 2 for details. 18
19 Figure 13: Trends in cold-night frequency for the recent past and projected future. See Figure 1 for details. 19
20 Figure 14: Spatial patterns of projected change in cold-night frequency for 10-year periods in the future under the SRES A2 scenario. See Figure 2 for details. 20
21 Figure 15: Trends in the proportion of precipitation falling in heavy events for the recent past and projected future. All values shown are anomalies, relative to the mean climate. See Figure 1 for details. 21
22 Figure 16: Spatial patterns of projected change in the proportion of precipitation falling in heavy events for 10-year periods in the future under the SRES A2 scenario. All values are anomalies relative to the mean climate of See Figure 2 for details. 22
23 Figure 17: Trends in maximum 1-day rainfall for the recent past and projected future. All values shown are anomalies, relative to the mean climate. See Figure 1 for details. 23
24 Figure 18: Spatial patterns of maximum 1-day rainfall for 10-year periods in the future under the SRES A2 scenario. All values are anomalies relative to the mean climate of See Figure 2 for details. 24
25 Figure 19: Trends in maximum 5-day rainfall for the recent past and projected future. All values shown are anomalies, relative to the mean climate. See Figure 1 for details. 25
26 Figure 20: Spatial patterns of projected change in maximum 5-day rainfall for 10-year periods in the future under the SRES A2 scenario. All values are anomalies relative to the mean climate of See Figure 2 for details. 26
South Africa. General Climate. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles. A. Karmalkar 1, C. McSweeney 1, M. New 1,2 and G. Lizcano 1
UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles South Africa A. Karmalkar 1, C. McSweeney 1, M. New 1,2 and G. Lizcano 1 1. School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford. 2. Tyndall Centre for Climate
ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 9 May 2011
ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 9 May 2011 Outline Overview Recent Evolution and Current Conditions Oceanic Niño Index (ONI)
Monsoon Variability and Extreme Weather Events
Monsoon Variability and Extreme Weather Events M Rajeevan National Climate Centre India Meteorological Department Pune 411 005 rajeevan@imdpune.gov.in Outline of the presentation Monsoon rainfall Variability
The IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation
The IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation A changing climate leads to changes in extreme weather and climate events 2 How do changes
Queensland rainfall past, present and future
Queensland rainfall past, present and future Historically, Queensland has had a variable climate, and recent weather has reminded us of that fact. After experiencing the longest drought in recorded history,
A simple scaling approach to produce climate scenarios of local precipitation extremes for the Netherlands
Supplementary Material to A simple scaling approach to produce climate scenarios of local precipitation extremes for the Netherlands G. Lenderink and J. Attema Extreme precipitation during 26/27 th August
Current climate change scenarios and risks of extreme events for Northern Europe
Current climate change scenarios and risks of extreme events for Northern Europe Kirsti Jylhä Climate Research Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) Network of Climate Change Risks on Forests (FoRisk)
IGAD CLIMATE PREDICTION AND APPLICATION CENTRE
IGAD CLIMATE PREDICTION AND APPLICATION CENTRE CLIMATE WATCH REF: ICPAC/CW/No.32 May 2016 EL NIÑO STATUS OVER EASTERN EQUATORIAL OCEAN REGION AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS OVER THE GREATER HORN OF FRICA DURING
Selecting members of the QUMP perturbed-physics ensemble for use with PRECIS
Selecting members of the QUMP perturbed-physics ensemble for use with PRECIS Isn t one model enough? Carol McSweeney and Richard Jones Met Office Hadley Centre, September 2010 Downscaling a single GCM
How To Predict Climate Change In Tonga
Niuatoputapu Niuafo'ou Late Island Vava u Group South Pacific Ocean Tofua Island Kotu Group Nomuka Group Ha apai Group NUKU ALOFA Eua Island Tongatapu Group Current and future climate of Tonga > Tonga
Climate Change in North Carolina
Climate Change in North Carolina Dr. Chip Konrad Director of the The Southeast Regional Climate Center Associate Professor Department of Geography University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill The Southeast
ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by: Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 29 June 2015
ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by: Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 29 June 2015 Outline Summary Recent Evolution and Current Conditions Oceanic Niño Index (ONI)
Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change in Afghanistan Executive Summary
Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change in Afghanistan Executive Summary CNTR- 08 8507 DFID CNTR 08 8507 Executive Summary Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change in Afghanistan A Report to the Department
Climate Extremes Research: Recent Findings and New Direc8ons
Climate Extremes Research: Recent Findings and New Direc8ons Kenneth Kunkel NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites North Carolina State University and National Climatic Data Center h#p://assessment.globalchange.gov
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Review of possible impact on agricultural production in 2014/15 following the increased probability of occurrence
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Review of possible impact on agricultural production in 2014/15 following the increased probability of occurrence EL NIÑO Definition and historical episodes El Niño
Temporal variation in snow cover over sea ice in Antarctica using AMSR-E data product
Temporal variation in snow cover over sea ice in Antarctica using AMSR-E data product Michael J. Lewis Ph.D. Student, Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of Texas at San Antonio ABSTRACT
How To Predict Climate Change
A changing climate leads to changes in extreme weather and climate events the focus of Chapter 3 Presented by: David R. Easterling Chapter 3:Changes in Climate Extremes & their Impacts on the Natural Physical
2. The map below shows high-pressure and low-pressure weather systems in the United States.
1. Which weather instrument has most improved the accuracy of weather forecasts over the past 40 years? 1) thermometer 3) weather satellite 2) sling psychrometer 4) weather balloon 6. Wind velocity is
WEATHER AND CLIMATE WHY DOES IT MATTER?
WEATHER AND CLIMATE Rising global average temperature is associated with widespread changes in weather patterns. Scientific studies indicate that extreme weather events such as heat waves and large storms
climate science A SHORT GUIDE TO This is a short summary of a detailed discussion of climate change science.
A SHORT GUIDE TO climate science This is a short summary of a detailed discussion of climate change science. For more information and to view the full report, visit royalsociety.org/policy/climate-change
James Hansen, Reto Ruedy, Makiko Sato, Ken Lo
If It s That Warm, How Come It s So Damned Cold? James Hansen, Reto Ruedy, Makiko Sato, Ken Lo The past year, 2009, tied as the second warmest year in the 130 years of global instrumental temperature records,
Climate Change in Mexico implications for the insurance and reinsurance market
Climate Change in Mexico implications for the insurance and reinsurance market Eberhard Faust Geo Risks Research Munich Reinsurance Company 1980 April 2008: Billion & Ten Billion Dollar Losses The costliest
Present trends and climate change projections for the Mediterranean region
Present trends and climate change projections for the Mediterranean region Prof. Piero Lionello, piero.lionello@unile.it Science of Materials Department, University of Salento, Italy Plan of the talk:
Geography affects climate.
KEY CONCEPT Climate is a long-term weather pattern. BEFORE, you learned The Sun s energy heats Earth s surface unevenly The atmosphere s temperature changes with altitude Oceans affect wind flow NOW, you
Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change. Nick Panico III MET 295-Spring 2011 Prof. Mandia
Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change Nick Panico III MET 295-Spring 2011 Prof. Mandia Each year hundreds of storm systems develop around the tropical regions surrounding the equator, and approximately
Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre, School of energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong
Diurnal and Semi-diurnal Variations of Rainfall in Southeast China Judy Huang and Johnny Chan Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong
REGIONAL CLIMATE AND DOWNSCALING
REGIONAL CLIMATE AND DOWNSCALING Regional Climate Modelling at the Hungarian Meteorological Service ANDRÁS HORÁNYI (horanyi( horanyi.a@.a@met.hu) Special thanks: : Gabriella Csima,, Péter Szabó, Gabriella
AIR TEMPERATURE IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC IN THE MID NINETEENTH CENTURY BASED ON DATA FROM EXPEDITIONS
PRACE GEOGRAFICZNE, zeszyt 107 Instytut Geografii UJ Kraków 2000 Rajmund Przybylak AIR TEMPERATURE IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC IN THE MID NINETEENTH CENTURY BASED ON DATA FROM EXPEDITIONS Abstract: The paper
What Causes Climate? Use Target Reading Skills
Climate and Climate Change Name Date Class Climate and Climate Change Guided Reading and Study What Causes Climate? This section describes factors that determine climate, or the average weather conditions
Climate Change Scenarios for the Prairies
Climate Change Scenarios for the Prairies David Sauchyn and Suzan Lapp Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative, University of Regina, 150-10 Research Drive, Regina, SK S4S 7J7; Email: sauchyn@uregina.ca
The 2015-2016 El Niño event: expected impact on food security and main response scenarios in East and Southern Africa
The 2015-2016 El Niño event: expected impact on food security and main response scenarios in East and Southern Africa Update 27 th October 2015 Felix Rembold, Olivier Leo, Thierry Nègre, Neil Hubbard 2015
Local Climate Changes: present and future
Local Climate Changes: present and future Rodica Rodica Tomozeiu Tomozeiu Lucio Lucio Botarelli Botarelli www.arpa.emr.it www.arpa.emr.it Global climate changes Increase Increase of of the the global global
Climate of Illinois Narrative Jim Angel, state climatologist. Introduction. Climatic controls
Climate of Illinois Narrative Jim Angel, state climatologist Introduction Illinois lies midway between the Continental Divide and the Atlantic Ocean, and the state's southern tip is 500 miles north of
Regionalizing global models:
Regionalizing global models: value-adding for impacts and adaptation Jason Evans University of New South Wales Yann Arthus-Bertrand / Altitude Regionalizing Global models Why would we want to regionalize
WEATHER AND CLIMATE practice test
WEATHER AND CLIMATE practice test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What role does runoff play in the water cycle? a. It is the process in
Climate Change on the Prairie:
Climate Change on the Prairie: A Basic Guide to Climate Change in the High Plains Region - UPDATE Global Climate Change Why does the climate change? The Earth s climate has changed throughout history and
Fundamentals of Climate Change (PCC 587): Water Vapor
Fundamentals of Climate Change (PCC 587): Water Vapor DARGAN M. W. FRIERSON UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, DEPARTMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES DAY 2: 9/30/13 Water Water is a remarkable molecule Water vapor
RaysWeather.Com 2015-2016 Winter Fearless Forecast
Author: Dr. Ray Russell Founder and President of RaysWeather.Com Date: October 10, 2015 RaysWeather.Com 2015-2016 Winter Fearless Forecast Background It's that time of year--leaves change, temperatures
How to Generate Project Data For emission Rate Analysis
19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Perth, Australia, 12 16 December 2011 http://mssanz.org.au/modsim2011 Providing application-specific climate projections datasets: CSIRO s Climate
Jessica Blunden, Ph.D., Scientist, ERT Inc., Climate Monitoring Branch, NOAA s National Climatic Data Center
Kathryn Sullivan, Ph.D, Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA Administrator Thomas R. Karl, L.H.D., Director,, and Chair of the Subcommittee on Global Change Research Jessica
2013 Annual Climate Summary for the Southeast United States
Months of heavy rain forced the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers to open the spillways at Lake Hartwell, located at the headwaters of the Savannah River along the South Carolina-Georgia border, on July 9,.
Managing Extreme Weather at Transport for London. ARCC Assembly - 12 June 2014 Helen Woolston, Transport for London Sustainability Coordinator
Managing Extreme Weather at Transport for London ARCC Assembly - 12 June 2014 Helen Woolston, Transport for London Sustainability Coordinator Slide list (wont show) Long Term Climate Change 1. What TfL
2015 Climate Review for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Odalys Martínez-Sánchez
2015 Climate Review for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Odalys Martínez-Sánchez 2015 can be described as a dry and hot year across Puerto Rico (PR) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). Below normal
Update from Reto and Erich
Update from Reto and Erich From theory and models to observations Erich Fischer and Reto Knutti ETH Zurich, Switzerland Schematic illustrating precipitation changes Where does it come from? After CCSP
Climate Change Long Term Trends and their Implications for Emergency Management August 2011
Climate Change Long Term Trends and their Implications for Emergency Management August 2011 Overview A significant amount of existing research indicates that the world s climate is changing. Emergency
Climate Ready Tools & Resources
August 2, 2013 Mission Statement To provide the water sector (drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater utilities) with the practical tools, training, and technical assistance needed to adapt to climate
5 day Training on Climate Change and Adaptation
Training Programme 5 day Training on and Adaptation Developed by: Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS) [A comprehensive training module along with guideline for trainers aiming to enhance capacity
Atmospheric Processes
Atmospheric Processes Steven Sherwood Climate Change Research Centre, UNSW Yann Arthus-Bertrand / Altitude Where do atmospheric processes come into AR5 WGI? 1. The main feedbacks that control equilibrium
El Niño 1997-1998 in the Midwest a
Data/Case Study 2-1 El Niño 1997-1998 in the Midwest a by Stanley A. Changnon, Steven D. Hilberg, and Kenneth E. Kunkel Atmospheric Environment Section Illinois State Water Survey A Division of the Illinois
Examining the Recent Pause in Global Warming
Examining the Recent Pause in Global Warming Global surface temperatures have warmed more slowly over the past decade than previously expected. The media has seized this warming pause in recent weeks,
Climate Change Impacts in the Asia/Pacific Region
Climate Change Impacts in the Asia/Pacific Region Global CC threat CC in the A/P region The Stern Review and IPCC 4 th Assessment Report both state that climate change will have adverse impact on people
Munich Re RISKS AND CHANCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE FOR THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY WHAT ARE THE CURRENT QUESTIONS TO CLIMATE RESEARCH?
RISKS AND CHANCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE FOR THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY WHAT ARE THE CURRENT QUESTIONS TO CLIMATE RESEARCH? Prof. Dr. Peter Höppe Head of Geo Risks Research/Corporate Climate Centre NCCR Climate,
Statistical Analysis from Time Series Related to Climate Data
Statistical Analysis from Time Series Related to Climate Data Ascensión Hernández Encinas, Araceli Queiruga Dios, Luis Hernández Encinas, and Víctor Gayoso Martínez Abstract Due to the development that
Climate Projections for Transportation Infrastructure Planning, Operations & Maintenance, and Design
Climate Projections for Transportation Infrastructure Planning, Operations & Maintenance, and Design KATHARINE HAYHOE, ANNE STONER, JO DANIEL, JENNIFER JACOBS and PAUL KIRSHEN THE INFRASTRUCTURE CLIMATE
sample The IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation
sample The IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation A changing climate leads to changes in extreme weather and climate events 2 Impacts
When people think of climate change, they usually think of the atmosphere first. They think of the kind of things they hear about in the weather
3 Climate change so far When people think of climate change, they usually think of the atmosphere first. They think of the kind of things they hear about in the weather forecast: air temperature, rainfall,
Lecture 4: Pressure and Wind
Lecture 4: Pressure and Wind Pressure, Measurement, Distribution Forces Affect Wind Geostrophic Balance Winds in Upper Atmosphere Near-Surface Winds Hydrostatic Balance (why the sky isn t falling!) Thermal
Climate Futures for the Southeast Australian Coast
Climate Futures for the Southeast Australian Coast Supporting information for the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF) Coastal Settlements projects: What would a climate-adapted
Regional Climate Projections
11 Coordinating Lead Authors: Jens Hesselbjerg Christensen (Denmark), Bruce Hewitson (South Africa) Lead Authors: Aristita Busuioc (Romania), Anthony Chen (Jamaica), Xuejie Gao (China), Isaac Held (USA),
MIAMI-SOUTH FLORIDA National Weather Service Forecast Office http://www.weather.gov/miami
MIAMI-SOUTH FLORIDA National Weather Service Forecast Office http://www.weather.gov/miami November 2014 Weather Summary Cooler and Drier than Normal December 1, 2014: Cooler than normal temperatures was
LATITUDES INTERNATIONAL DESIGN CHALLENGE 2015-16
LATITUDES INTERNATIONAL DESIGN CHALLENGE 2015-16 Design Challenge Resilient working environments: carving the city for small businesses in London Submitted by: University of Westminster MSc Architecture
African climate change: 1900 2100
CLIMATE RESEARCH Vol. :, Published August Clim Res African climate change: Mike Hulme, *, Ruth Doherty, Todd Ngara, Mark New, David Lister Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and Climatic Research
SEA START Climate Change Analysis Tool v1.1
SEA START Climate Change Analysis Tool v1.1 SEA START RC has developed tool to aid data analysis for the future climate data which is downloaded from Climate Data Distribution System (http://cc.start.or.th).
2008 Global Surface Temperature in GISS Analysis
2008 Global Surface Temperature in GISS Analysis James Hansen, Makiko Sato, Reto Ruedy, Ken Lo Calendar year 2008 was the coolest year since 2000, according to the Goddard Institute for Space Studies analysis
ENVIRONMENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: CLIMATE SYSTEM Vol. II - Low-Latitude Climate Zones and Climate Types - E.I. Khlebnikova
LOW-LATITUDE CLIMATE ZONES AND CLIMATE TYPES E.I. Khlebnikova Main Geophysical Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia Keywords: equatorial continental climate, ITCZ, subequatorial continental (equatorial
Natural Disasters and Climate Change in the Alps
Natural Disasters and Climate Change in the Alps Gerhard Berz University of Munich Over the last few decades, the global community has been confronted with a drastic increase in the scope and frequency
Regional climate change experiments over southern South America. II: Climate change scenarios in the late twenty-first century
Clim Dyn DOI 10.1007/s00382-008-0449-8 Regional climate change experiments over southern South America. II: Climate change scenarios in the late twenty-first century Mario N. Nuñez Æ Silvina A. Solman
DFID Economic impacts of climate change: Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi Oxford Office. Climate report Rwanda October 2009
1 Rwanda Rwanda is a landlocked country which lies within latitudes 1-3 S and longitudes 28-31 E and bordered by Uganda in the north and Tanzania in east while in the south and west are Burundi and the
Climates are described by the same conditions used to describe
58 The Causes of Climate R E A D I N G Climates are described by the same conditions used to describe weather, such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. You now know that oceans have an important effect
Adaptation Planning Scenarios in Western Australia
Annex 1: Projections for Change in Climate and Climate Scenarios Climate Change Adaptation Plan: Preparing for and responding to climate risks in the City of Stirling Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...
ES 106 Laboratory # 3 INTRODUCTION TO OCEANOGRAPHY. Introduction The global ocean covers nearly 75% of Earth s surface and plays a vital role in
ES 106 Laboratory # 3 INTRODUCTION TO OCEANOGRAPHY 3-1 Introduction The global ocean covers nearly 75% of Earth s surface and plays a vital role in the physical environment of Earth. For these reasons,
Observed Cloud Cover Trends and Global Climate Change. Joel Norris Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Observed Cloud Cover Trends and Global Climate Change Joel Norris Scripps Institution of Oceanography Increasing Global Temperature from www.giss.nasa.gov Increasing Greenhouse Gases from ess.geology.ufl.edu
Climate Change Adaptation in London. Alex Nickson, Policy & Programmes Manager Climate Change Adaptation & Water, Greater London Authority
Climate Change Adaptation in London Alex Nickson, Policy & Programmes Manager Climate Change Adaptation & Water, Greater London Authority Why adapt? We are not very well adapted to our existing climate
Seasonal & Daily Temperatures. Seasons & Sun's Distance. Solstice & Equinox. Seasons & Solar Intensity
Seasonal & Daily Temperatures Seasons & Sun's Distance The role of Earth's tilt, revolution, & rotation in causing spatial, seasonal, & daily temperature variations Please read Chapter 3 in Ahrens Figure
Climate change and heating/cooling degree days in Freiburg
339 Climate change and heating/cooling degree days in Freiburg Finn Thomsen, Andreas Matzatrakis Meteorological Institute, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany Abstract The discussion of climate
WEATHER LIMITATIONS FOR WINTER AND SUMMER TOURISM IN EUROPE. K. Blazejczyk Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Science
Developments in Tourism Climatology A. Matzarakis, C. R. de Freitas, D. Scott, 27 WEATHER LIMITATIONS FOR WINTER AND SUMMER TOURISM IN EUROPE K. Blazejczyk Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization,
Ok, so if the Earth weren't tilted, we'd have a picture like the one shown below: 12 hours of daylight at all latitudes more insolation in the
Ok, so if the Earth weren't tilted, we'd have a picture like the one shown below: 12 hours of daylight at all latitudes more insolation in the tropics, less at higher latitudes Ok, so if the Earth weren't
MIAMI-SOUTH FLORIDA National Weather Service Forecast Office http://www.weather.gov/miami
MIAMI-SOUTH FLORIDA National Weather Service Forecast Office http://www.weather.gov/miami Summer 2015 Weather Summary Wet West and Dry East September 2, 2015: One of the most variable summers in recent
We already went through a (small, benign) climate change in The Netherlands
We already went through a (small, benign) climate change in The Netherlands 15-16 October 1987, gusts till 220 km/h, great damage 2004, almost 1400 tornado s December (!!) 2001, Faxai, 879 mbar 27 December
Canadian Prairie growing season precipitation variability and associated atmospheric circulation
CLIMATE RESEARCH Vol. 11: 191 208, 1999 Published April 28 Clim Res Canadian Prairie growing season precipitation variability and associated atmospheric circulation B. R. Bonsal*, X. Zhang, W. D. Hogg
How To Use The Climate Ready Utilities Program
Introduction to the Climate Resilience Evaluation & Awareness Tool Climate Ready Water Utilities Webinar Series Curt Baranowski, US EPA Jim Hawhee, Albemarle-Pamlico NEP February 27, 2013 Use your mouse
List 10 different words to describe the weather in the box, below.
Weather and Climate Lesson 1 Web Quest: What is the Weather? List 10 different words to describe the weather in the box, below. How do we measure the weather? Use this web link to help you: http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/weatherwise/activities/weatherstation/
Seasonal Temperature Variations
Seasonal and Daily Temperatures Fig. 3-CO, p. 54 Seasonal Temperature Variations What causes the seasons What governs the seasons is the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground What two primary factors
Decadal predictions using the higher resolution HiGEM climate model Len Shaffrey, National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading
Decadal predictions using the higher resolution HiGEM climate model Len Shaffrey, National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading Dave Stevens, Ian Stevens, Dan Hodson, Jon Robson, Ed Hawkins,
THE INFLUENCE OF LA NINA ON AFRICAN RAINFALL
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Climatol. 20: 1761 1776 (2000) THE INFLUENCE OF LA NINA ON AFRICAN RAINFALL S.E. NICHOLSON* and J.C. SELATO Florida State Uni ersity, Department of Meteorology,
6. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows the average monthly temperature of two cities A and B.
1. Which single factor generally has the greatest effect on the climate of an area on the Earth's surface? 1) the distance from the Equator 2) the extent of vegetative cover 3) the degrees of longitude
Water & Climate Review
Water & Climate Review 1. The cross section below shows the direction of air flowing over a mountain. Points A and B are at the same elevation on opposite sides of the mountain. 4. The graph below shows
1. Incredible India. Shade the map on the next page, to show India s relief. The correct shading is shown on the final page! Incredible India India
1. Incredible India Shade the map on the next page, to show India s relief. The correct shading is shown on the final page! Incredible India India The DCSF supported Action plan for Geography is delivered
The Climate of Oregon Climate Zone 2 Willamette Valley
/05 E-55 No. ci oi Unbound issue e2_, Does not circulate Special Report 914 May 1993 The Climate of Oregon Climate Zone 2 Property of OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY Library Serials Corvallis, OR 97331-4503 Agricultural
The Pennsylvania Observer
The Pennsylvania Observer August 3, 2009 July 2009 - Pennsylvania Weather Recap Written by: Dan DePodwin After a cool month of June, some hoped July would bring usual summertime warmth to the state of
MiSP WEATHER WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION Teacher Guide, L1 L3. Introduction
MiSP WEATHER WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION Teacher Guide, L1 L3 Introduction This MiSP unit can be included in a standard weather and climate unit. Some teachers may like it as part of the introduction. Others
Extreme climatic events and their evolution under changing climatic conditions
Global and Planetary Change 44 (2004) 1 9 www.elsevier.com/locate/gloplacha Extreme climatic events and their evolution under changing climatic conditions Martin Beniston a, *, David B. Stephenson b a
The Polar Climate Zones
The Polar Climate Zones How cold is it in the polar climate? Polar areas are the coldest of all the major climate zones The Sun is hardly ever high enough in the sky to cause the plentiful ice to melt,
Future Climate of the European Alps
Chapter 3 Future Climate of the European Alps Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Ernst Gebetsroither, Johann Züger, Dirk Schmatz and Achilleas Psomas Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/56278
WEATHER, CLIMATE AND ADAPTATIONS OF ANIMALS TO CLIMATE
7 WEATHER, CLIMATE AND ADAPTATIONS OF ANIMALS TO CLIMATE TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Q.1. Why weather changes so frequently? Ans. All changes in the weather are caused by the sun. The movement of the
FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY! - TRIAL PASSWORD USERS MAY NOT REPRODUCE AND DISTRIBUTE PRINTABLE MATERIALS OFF THE SOLPASS WEBSITE!
FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY! - TRIAL PASSWORD USERS MAY NOT REPRODUCE AND DISTRIBUTE PRINTABLE MATERIALS OFF THE SOLPASS WEBSITE! 1 NAME DATE GRADE 5 SCIENCE SOL REVIEW WEATHER LABEL the 3 stages of the water
Chapter 3: Climate and Climate Change Answers
Chapter 3: Climate and Climate Change Answers Section A: Climate 1. (a) Explain what each of the following means: (4 x 1 mark) (i) climate the average weather of an area over a 25 30 year period (ii) maritime
VENTILATIVE COOLING EBC ANNEX 62 PER HEISELBERG DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
VENTILATIVE COOLING EBC ANNEX 62 PER HEISELBERG DEFINITION OF VENTILATIVE COOLING VENTILATIVE COOLING IS APPLICATION (DISTRIBUTION IN TIME AND SPACE) OF VENTILATION AIR FLOW TO REDUCE COOLING LOADS IN
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LONDON S TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LONDON S TRANSPORT SYSTEMS B.P. Arkell G.J.C. Darch Atkins Ltd., Design and Engineering Solutions - Water and Environment ABSTRACT There is much discussion about the contribution