Judicial Branch Key Terms

Transcription

1 Judicial Branch

2 Judicial Branch Key Terms 4 types of Jurisdiction: Original Jurisdiction To hear a case first Appellate Jurisdiction To hear a case only on appeal Concurrent Jurisdiction Two courts could hear the case Exclusive Jurisdiction Only 1 court can hear the case How does the Supreme Court work? What are the responsibilities of the Chief Justice and the Associate Justices. U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices

3 Appellate Court Decisions Uphold the lower courts decision Remand the Case Send the case back to the lower court for a re-trial Overturn the lower courts decision

4 The federal court system consists of a. federal district courts, federal appeals courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court. b. federal appeals courts, state appeals courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court. c. federal district courts, state supreme courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court. d. local courts, state courts, and federal district courts.

5 In which cases would federal courts have jurisdiction? a. disputes between two citizens of the same state b. violations of local ordinances c. disputes between two states d. violations of state laws

6 In which type of court do federal trials and lawsuits usually begin? a. state supreme courts b. federal appeals courts c. federal district courts d. municipal courts

7 The job of an appeals court is to a. review decisions made in lower courts. b. sentence people who are convicted in federal courts. c. decide the defendant s s guilt or innocence. d. decide whether a law is allowed by the U.S. Constitution.

8 What does it mean when a judge uses precedent to arrive at an opinion? a. The judge does not refer to the U.S. Constitution. b. The judge relies heavily on previous opinions in similar cases. c. The judge asks for the opinions of several other justices. d. The judge arrives at an opinion unlike any in the past.

9 What kinds of trials do district courts hold? a. They hold only criminal trials. b. They hold only civil trials. c. They do not hold trials. d. They hold both criminal and civil trials.

10 Which of the following established the principle of federal judicial review? a. U.S. Constitution b. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas c. Judiciary Act of 1789 d. Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison

11 Which of the following can limit the power of the Supreme Court? a. political elections b. special interest groups c. Congressional legislation d. lifetime appointments

12 How does a case come before the Supreme Court? a. All federal cases automatically come before the Supreme Court. b. The Senate determines the cases that the Supreme Court will hear each year. c. The justices of the Supreme Court choose the cases they will hear. d. Any case in which a state government loses is appealed to the Supreme Court.

13 When can the Supreme Court rule on the constitutionality of a law? a. It can rule at any time. b. It can rule only during a case. c. It can rule within 30 days after the law is passed. d. The Supreme Court can never rule a law unconstitutional.

14 The Supreme Court would have jurisdiction in a case involving a a. violation of freedom of speech. b. real estate dispute between two large companies in Texas. c. traffic violation in Washington, D.C. d. child custody dispute between divorced parents.

15 Which of the following is an appeals court allowed to do? a. to retry a case b. to call a jury c. to reverse a lower court decision d. to advise the Supreme Court

16 All Supreme Court Justices have been a. representatives. b. lawyers. c. senators. d. political scientists.

17 Which group prosecutes people accused of breaking federal laws? a. U.S. attorneys b. U.S. marshals c. magistrate judges d. probation officers

18 Which of the following correctly describes the composition of the U.S. Supreme Court? a. five associate justices b. nine associate justices and one chief justice c. five assistant justices, five associate justices, and one chief justice d. eight associate justices and one chief justice

19 What is the significance of the Supreme Court decision in the case Marbury v. Madison? a. It was the first case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court. b. It established the U.S. Supreme Court s right of judicial review in federal cases. c. It established the U.S. Supreme Court s jurisdiction in cases between states. d. It overturned the practice of separate but equal in schools.

20 United States Court System Limited original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction 2. U.S. Courts of Appeals 1. Appellate jurisdiction 3. U.S. District Courts 1. Original jurisdiction

21 According to the graphic above, U.S. district courts are the only federal courts in which The appellate jurisdiction of U.S. courts of appeals, as shown above, means that appeals courts have the authority to Which court belongs in the box labeled 1 in the graphic above?

22 Steps in Supreme Court Decision Making 1. Written Arguments 2. Oral Arguments 3. Conference 4. Opinion Writing 5.?

23 Be able to find the answers to the following questions: At which step pictured in the graphic above are briefs presented? How many justices must be present for a decision during the conference step listed in the graphic above? What is the last step that the Supreme Court takes on a decision?